添加精氨酸的多西他赛聚合物胶束冻干粉的制备

目的:考察以精氨酸作为稳定剂的多西他赛嵌段聚合物胶束冻干粉的复溶稳定性与理化性质.方法:以聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(mPEG-PLA)为载体制备多西他赛胶束冻干粉对照组制剂与实验组制剂(含精氨酸).通过动态光散射法(DLS)与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了制剂复溶后胶束粒径与多西他赛含量随时间的变化.分别使用(HPLC)、原子力显微镜、动态光散射法和Zeta电位分析仪对包封率、胶束形态、粒径与分布、Zeta电位和pH进行了表征;采用透析法考察了载药聚合物胶束的体外释放.结果:室温条件下实验组制剂复溶后胶束溶液在考察的12h内保持稳定.结论:精氨酸的加入使实验组制剂稳定得到极大提高.     

注射用多西他赛脂质体的制备及其体内外评价

 目的：制备多西他赛脂质体,对其体内外性质进行评价。方法：采用改良薄膜分散法结合冷冻干燥工艺制备多西他赛脂质体冻干粉;用激光粒度仪考察了脂质体的粒径分布和Zeta电位;超滤法测定了包封率;以市售多西他赛注射液为对照,比较体外释放、大鼠骨髓抑制和裸鼠体内肿瘤抑制情况。结果：多西他赛脂质体平均粒径为92 nm,Zeta电位为-52.3 mV,包封率＞95%,24 h累积释放率为84.1%;相同剂量下,多西他赛脂质体比多西他赛注射液的骨髓抑制作用降低,但二者对HT-29移植瘤的抑制作用相同。结论：本实验所制备的多西他赛脂质体包封率较高、稳定性较好;与多西他赛注射液相比,毒性较低,同时具有相同的抗肿瘤效力。      

多西他赛聚合物胶束纳米给药系统在肿瘤治疗中研究进展

目的对近几年聚乙二醇、多糖类、普朗尼克、聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)多功能聚合物胶束在肿瘤治疗中的研究,市售注射液与聚合物治疗效果的差异,靶向聚合物胶束以及聚合物胶束冻干技术进行归纳总结。方法以近年来的45篇国内外文献为依据,对多西他赛聚合物胶束纳米给药系统在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展进行了详细的综述。结果市售注射液应用广泛但不良反应限制了其应用。新型聚合物胶束在未来几年有可能弥补现有多西他赛药物的不足而广泛应用于临床。不同多西他赛胶束在缓释效果、抗肿瘤药效等方面各有利弊。肽类和小分子类主动靶向胶束发展成熟而其他有待开发。结论现有的多西他赛聚合物胶束已取得一些进步,但是还不能满足患者的需要,仍需开发抗肿瘤治疗效果更好的多西他赛聚合物胶束类药物。     

聚乙二醇400 介导的多西他赛脂肪乳剂与多西他赛注射液的稀释稳定性研究

目的建立多西他赛的含量测定方法;考察自制的聚乙二醇(PEG)400介导的多西他赛脂肪乳剂与市售的多西他赛注射液稀释液的稳定性。方法建立高效液相色谱法测定含量;在室温条件下采用膜过滤法,以过滤液的含量、pH值以及过滤前的粒径为指标,考察PEG400介导的多西他赛脂肪乳剂与市售的多西他赛注射液的稀释液随时间变化的稳定性。结果多西他赛在1~256μg/ml的浓度范围内线性关系良好,回归方程:Y=21.199 X+20.488,r=0.999 9;自制PEG400介导的多西他赛脂肪乳剂分散液,室温下24h内过滤液的含量、pH值以及过滤前的粒径均未见明显变化。观察市售多西他赛注射液的生理盐水稀释液,2h发现有药物析出,过滤液含量明显下降。结论自制PEG400介导的多西他赛脂肪乳剂的分散稳定性远优于市售多西他赛注射液的生理盐水稀释液,大大提高了临床用药的安全性。     

载多西他赛的聚乙二醇-聚赖氨酸-维生素E聚合物胶束的制备及体内实体瘤分布研究

紫杉烷类化疗药物用于实体瘤化疗时肿瘤递送效率低、不良反应较大,本研究合成了聚乙二醇-b-聚-L-赖氨酸-g-维生素E (PEG-PLL-VE)两亲性共聚物,并作为载体制备成聚合物胶束包载紫杉烷类药物多西他赛,通过流式细胞术、体外细胞毒性试验和体内活体成像考察该多西他赛聚合物胶束的MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞摄取效率、...     

多西他赛注射液与不同溶媒配伍的稳定性考察

目的:考察多西他赛注射液分别与0.9%氯化钠注射液、5%葡萄糖注射液及长链脂肪乳注射液配伍后的稳定性。方法:考察室温下0,1,2,4,6,8,10,12,16,20,24 h时配伍液的外观、不溶微粒分布及粒径大小、pH值,采用高效液相色谱法测定多西他赛的含量。结果:24 h内,药物与0.9%氯化钠注射液、5%葡萄糖注射液的配伍液外观与pH值均无明显改变,但多西他赛的含量在配置后8 h均有明显下降(RSD>2%);24 h内,药物与长链脂肪乳注射液的配伍液外观与pH值均无明显改变,但多西他赛的含量在配置后20 h有明显下降(RSD>2%)。结论:室温条件下,多西他赛注射液与长链脂肪乳注射液配伍的稳定性明显优于0.9%氯化钠注射液及5%葡萄糖注射液。     

多西他赛普朗尼克P123胶束的制备

摘 要 目的： 优化以普朗尼克P123为载体材料的多西他赛胶束处方工艺。方法: 采用薄膜水化法制备多西他赛普朗尼克P123胶束。采用星点设计 效应面法优化胶束处方工艺,以包封率作为评价指标,考察投药量、有机溶剂体积、水化体积、水化温度。采用透射电镜观察胶束形态,并测定胶束的粒径和Zeta电位,以透析法进行胶束体外释放特性考察。结果: 以多元线性回归和二次、三次多项式拟合指标与因素之间的数学关系,结果表明三次多项式拟合度较好,制备出的胶束形态圆整,平均粒径和Zeta电位分别为108.3 nm和 3.99 mV,多分散指数为0.265,平均包封率和载药率分别为（97.91%±0.28％）和（3.72%±0.12％）,多西他赛胶束120 h的累积释放率达95.03%,具有一定的缓释能力。结论:采用薄膜水化法制备的多西他赛胶束工艺简单可行,具有较高的包封率,在体外具有较好的缓释效果。     

纳米制剂中7-表多西他赛的体内外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的:研究7-表多西他赛体内外抗肿瘤活性.方法:建立动物荷瘤模型,以多西他赛为阳性对照,考察7-表多西他赛抗肿瘤活性;通过体外细胞实验,考察7-表多西他赛的毒性.结果:7-表多西他赛在动物实验中,对肿瘤有一定抑制作用,但其抑制作用弱于多西他赛;在体外细胞实验中,7-表多西他赛毒性与多西他赛相当.结论:7-表多西他赛作为多西他赛的主要杂质,毒性与多西他赛相当,抗肿瘤活性弱于多西他赛,为确保多西他赛抗肿瘤活性,应对7-表多西他赛进行含量控制.     

多西他赛注射液对血管刺激性与溶血性试验研究

目的:观察多西他赛注射液是否具有血管刺激性、溶血反应。方法:家兔耳缘静脉注射多西他赛注射液高、低剂量组,每日一次,连续5次,每天给药前及最后给药后48h、96h对动物和注射部位进行肉眼观察耳局部血管刺激情况,停药96h后对注射部位做病理组织学检查;体外不同浓度的多西他赛注射液0.1～0.5ml在2%兔红细胞混悬液中放置15min～4h,观察对兔红细胞悬液的溶血作用及有无红细胞凝聚作用。结果:多西他赛注射液对家兔血管内皮没有损伤和刺激作用;对兔红细胞没有致溶血作用和凝聚作用。结论:多西他赛注射液用药血管没有刺激性反应,无溶血及红细胞凝聚现象。制剂有关安全性检测结果符合新药申报要求。     

多西他赛混合胶束的制备及其性能评价

目的为提高难溶性药物多西他赛的水溶性,制备多西他赛-聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚醋酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物(soluplus)-聚乙二醇-15-羟基硬脂酸酯(solutol HS15)混合胶束(docetaxel mixed micelles,DTX-MMs),并对其性质进行评价。方法以soluplus和solutol HS15作为两亲性载体材料,采用薄膜分散法制备DTX-MMs;利用马尔文激光粒度仪测定胶束的粒径及分布;采用透射电镜观察混合胶束的形态;采用高效液相色谱法测定混合胶束的包封率和载药量;采用芘荧光探针法测定混合胶束的临界胶束浓度;以自制多西他赛注射液为对照,比较两种制剂的体内外性质差异。结果由薄膜分散法制备的混合胶束的包封率和载药量分别为89.91%和4.658%,平均粒径为(72.54±2.2)nm,多分散系数为0.16±0.036;透射电镜下观察到混合胶束呈球形、分散良好;测得的临界胶束质量浓度值为(6.76×10~(-2))g·L~(-1);与多西他赛注射剂相比,混合胶束具有一定的缓释能力,无溶血现象,药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))提高了2.638倍。结论采用薄膜分散法制备的混合胶束,粒径小,包封率高,稳定性好,可显著提高多西他赛在水中的溶解度,具有良好的体内外性能。     

载紫杉醇的PEG修饰的大黄酸偶联物胶束的细胞摄取及活体成像研究

目的 探究载紫杉醇(paclitaxel,PTX)的聚乙二醇(polyethyleneglycol,PEG)修饰的大黄酸偶联物胶束的细胞摄取及活体成像情况。方法 将环境响应型荧光探针P4/P2与药物PTX共载于mPEG-羧甲基壳聚糖-大黄酸(CRmP)偶联物胶束中,制备(P4+PTX)/CRmP胶束。以MCF-7细胞为细胞模型,利用激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪分析该胶束被MCF-7细胞摄取的情况;以H22皮下移植瘤小鼠为模型,在体和离体成像分析该胶束在体内的分布情况。结果 (P4+PTX)/CRmP胶束以完整的胶束形式被MCF-7细胞内吞摄入,分布于细胞质。(P2+PTX)/CRmP胶束在荷瘤小鼠的肝脏和肿瘤部位较多聚集,并于实验时间内在肿瘤部位不断累积。结论 该胶束以完整的胶束形式被肿瘤细胞摄取,在体内有一定的肝靶向性和肿瘤靶向性。     

Development and characterization of octreotide-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles for potential treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer

We prepared octreotide (OCT)-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles to enhance active targeting and inhibit tumor metastasis by destroying vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels. Soluplus was applied as an amphiphilic material to form micelles via film dispersion. The cytotoxic effects, active cellular targeting, and inhibitory effects on metastasis were systematically evaluated in vitro using A549 cells, and in vivo antitumor effects were evaluated using xenograft tumor-bearing mice. In vitro assays indicated that the OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles showed robust cytotoxicity on A549 cells and effectively inhibited VM channels and tumor metastasis. Studying the mechanism of action indicated that OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles downregulated MMP-2 and HIF-1α. In vivo assays indicated that OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles increased drug accumulation at tumor sites and showed obvious antitumor efficacy. The developed OCT-modified curcumin plus docetaxel micelles may offer a promising treatment strategy for non-small-cell lung cancer.     

雷公藤甲素叶酸靶向纳米胶束的制备及其体外抗炎作用研究

目的 制备雷公藤甲素叶酸靶向纳米胶束（TP@PCL-PEG-FA）,并研究其体外抗炎效果。方法 采用薄膜水化法制备TP@PCL-PEG-FA胶束,对粒径和电位进行表征,观察其形态特征,采用超滤法测定包封率和载药量,同时考察药物的体外释放。观察胶束的摄取效率,考察体外抗炎作用。结果 TP@PCL-PEG-FA胶束的平均粒径为（34.1±5.1）nm,Zeta电位为（-10.1±2.2）m V,呈类球形,粒径分布均一。包封率为（85.7±5.8）%,载药量为（1.8±0.5）%。TP@PCL-PEGFA胶束均能够相对缓慢释放药物,具有缓释效果。与普通非靶向PCL-PEG胶束相比,PCL-PEG-FA胶束在脂多糖刺激的RAW 264.7细胞中的摄取效率明显提高,TP@PCL-PEG-FA胶束有更强的体外抗炎效率。结论 制备了雷公藤甲素的叶酸靶向的TP@PCL-PEG-FA胶束,具有更好的体外靶向抗炎作用,为雷公藤甲素的纳米递药系统提供了一种新策略和新思路。     

四嗪二甲酰胺对肺癌细胞株A549的体内外作用

为了观察四嗪二甲酰胺(ZGDHu-1)体外抑制肺癌细胞株A549增殖、诱导细胞凋亡和体内抗肿瘤活性的作用及其机制，将不同浓度的ZGDHu-1与A549细胞在体外培养，用台盼蓝染色、SRB法、5′-溴-2′脱氧尿苷-ELISA法，观察ZGDHu-1对A549细胞增殖的作用；用细胞形态学、DNA凝胶电泳、DNA含量及细胞周期分析、Annexin V/PI双标记、Hoechst 33258荧光染色等技术检测细胞凋亡。腹腔注射ZGDHu-1后观察其对裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用。用RT-PCR和流式细胞术观察A549细胞bcl-2，bax，p53基因和蛋白质的表达改变。结果表明，ZGDHu-1能抑制A549细胞的增殖和活力，呈现作用时间和剂量的依赖关系。A549细胞经ZGDHu-1作用后，大部分细胞阻滞于G₂-M期；出现DNA片段化，亚G₁峰显著增加，Annexin V+/PI-表达升高，Hoechst 33258荧光染色后出现凋亡细胞的特征性改变等。ZGDHu-1以10，20及40 mg·kg^-1剂量给裸鼠体内用药14 d后，移植瘤生长抑制率分别为43.7%，56.9%和60.0%。A549细胞经ZGDHu-1作用后，bcl-2基因和蛋白有所下调，但主要是上调bax基因和蛋白，导致bax/bcl-2比值明显增高，p53基因和蛋白表达也上调，均呈现剂量依赖性。ZGDHu-1在体内能明显抑制移植瘤的生长，体外通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制A549细胞增殖，其机制可能与上调bax和p53基因的表达有关。     

N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺聚合物-5-氟尿嘧啶接合物的体外释药规律、体内分布及抗肿瘤活性研究

考察本实验室合成的N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺［N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide，HPMA］聚合物-5-氟尿嘧啶(5-flurouracil，5-FU)接合物(P-FU)的体外释药、体内分布及抗肿瘤活性。以小鼠血浆为介质，考察P-FU中5-FU的释放规律；以小鼠H22肝癌实体瘤模型(皮下型)为肿瘤模型，考察接合物在荷瘤小鼠体内的分布情况、药代动力学规律及抑瘤活性。结果表明，37 ℃时P-FU在小鼠血浆中具有一定的稳定性，半衰期(t_1/2)为32.4 h。与5-FU相比，P-FU在荷瘤小鼠体内的循环时间明显延长(血浆中t_1/2为原药的166倍)，在肿瘤中的沉积量(AUC为5-FU的3.3倍)及滞留时间(t_1/2为5-FU的2.3倍)均有明显增加。体内药效学研究表明，P-FU组对荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长抑制率(69.09%)显著高于5-FU组(56.49%，P<0.05)，瘤块组织病理学观察结果也显示P-FU组小鼠肿瘤组织中细胞凋亡程度大于5-FU组。HPMA聚合物可被用于为5-FU构建一种新型实体瘤高分子给药系统。     

Preparation and in vivo/in vitro evaluation of formononetin phospholipid/vitamin E TPGS micelles

To enhance the formononetin (FN) antitumor effect, we developed a passive targeting FN-contained formulation. FN-contained Vitamin E d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS or TPGS)/phospholipid micelles were prepared by the solvent injection method. Particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug release profile, and micelles morphology were evaluated and characterized by various methods including high-performance liquid chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Cellular uptake of micelles was evaluated with fluorescence imaging coupled with HPLC method. Cytotoxicity of FN micelles and free FN was compared using MTT method. In vivo imaging was employed to assess the accumulation of DiR micelles and free DiR at tumor site. The antitumor effect of FN micelles was examined in tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that prepared FN micelles had an average particle diameter of 111.91?±?5.82?nm with good stability. FN micelles enhanced the cellular uptake and improved cell cytotoxicity than free FN. Furthermore, DiR micelles quickly accumulated at the tumor site than free DiR. FN micelles significantly improved tumor inhibition rate compared to that observed with free FN in tumor-bearing mice with great biosafety. Thus, FN micelles demonstrated a clear treatment advantage and provided an ideal drug administration system to improve the antitumor effect of FN.     

In vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution and antitumor activity of HPMA copolymer–5-fluorouracil conjugates

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad-spectrum activity against solid tumors. However, its very short half-life in plasma circulation greatly limited the in vivo antitumor efficacy and clinical application. The current work aimed to solve this problem as well as to increase 5-FU biodistribution to tumor by covalently conjugating 5-FU to a biocompatible, non-toxic and non-immunogenic drug carrier – N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer. The in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of HPMA copolymer–5-FU conjugates (P-FU) were reported. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using a serial of tumor cells (A549, CT-26, Hela, HepG₂ cells and 5-FU resistant HepG₂ cells). In vivo biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy were investigated in Kunming mice-bearing hepatoma 22 (H₂₂). Results indicated that P-FU could increase the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in Hela, HepG₂ and 5-FU resistant HepG₂ cells, while it decreases the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in A549 and CT-26. Both in vitro release profile in plasma and biodistribution study showed that P-FU significantly prolonged the drug plasma circulation time. P-FU also showed an over 3-fold larger area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) in tumor when compared with free drug. Therapeutic evaluation also demonstrated that the treatment with P-FU displayed stronger inhibition of the tumor growth when compared with that of control group (physiologic saline) or 5-FU group at the same dose. All the results suggested that P-FU could increase cytotoxicity of 5-FU in certain cancer cell lines, prolong 5-FU circulation time in vivo, enhance 5-FU distribution to tumor and improve therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, HPMA copolymer is a potential carrier for 5-FU for the effective treatment of cancer.     

京尼平苷体内外微透析回收率的研究

目的 探究京尼平苷在自制线性微透析探针上的体内外回收率与灌流速度、药物浓度、透析膜长之间的关系。方法 采用HPLC测定微透析样品浓度,考察不同灌流速度、不同药物浓度和不同透析膜长对体外正向和体外反向回收率、体内反向回收率的影响。结果 自制探针性质稳定;探针回收率与京尼平苷的药物浓度无关,与灌流速度成反比,随透析膜长增加而增加;体外的正向与反向探针回收率有显著性差异（P<0.01）,而体内反向回收率低于体外反向回收率,与体外正向回收率无显著性差异;新探针体内回收率大于使用过1次的探针体内回收率（P<0.05）。结论 在京尼平苷的皮肤药动学研究中,宜采用体内反向回收率或体外正向回收率作为药物的探针回收率来校正。     

Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of paclitaxel-loaded pluronic P105 polymeric micelles

A novel polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel (PTX) has been prepared with the purpose of improving in vitro release as well as prolonging the blood circulation time of PTX in comparison to a current PTX formulation, Taxol injection. This work was designed to investigate the preparation, in vitro release, in vivo pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of PTX-loaded Pluronic P105 micellar system. The micelles were prepared by thin-film method using a nonionic surfactant Pluronic P105 and a hydrophobic anticancer drug, PTX. With a dynamic light scattering sizer and a transmission electron microscopy, it was shown that the PTX-loaded micelles had a mean size of approximately 24 nm with narrow size distribution and a spherical shape. The in vitro release profiles indicated that the release of PTX from the micelles exhibited a sustained release behavior. A similar phenomenon was also observed in a pharmacokinetic study in rats, in which t _1/2β and AUC of the micelle formulation were 4.9 and 5.3-fold higher than that of Taxol injection. The biodistribution study in mice showed that the PTX-loaded micelles not only decreased drug uptake by liver, but also prolonged drug retention in blood and increased distribution of drug in lung, spleen and kidney. These results suggested that the P105 polymeric micelles may efficiently load, protect and retain PTX in both in vitro and in vivo environments, and could be a useful drug carrier for i.v. administration of PTX.     

载紫杉醇的PEG修饰的大黄酸偶联物胶束的表征、体外释放及药动学研究

目的 对载紫杉醇(paclitaxel,PTX)的聚乙二醇修饰的大黄酸偶联物[PEGylated carboxymethyl chiosan-rhein conjugate (polymeric),PTX/CRmP]胶束进行形态与结构表征,考察其体外(模拟血液环境中)释放情况及药动学特征。方法 通过透射电镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)、差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对胶束的粒径、形态及结构等方面进行评价;在pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲液(含0.8 mol·L^-1水杨酸钠)中进行PTX/CRmP胶束的体外释放研究,计算PTX的累积释放率,绘制累积释放曲线;以大鼠为模型,尾静脉注射PTX/CRmP胶束后,通过药-时曲线、药动学参数等对其进行药动学研究。结果 TEM显示PTX/CRmP胶束呈类球形,粒径约160 nm,分布均匀;DSC和XRD显示PTX几乎全部被CPmP胶束包载入其内核中。PTX/CRmP胶束在pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲液(含0.8 mol·L^-1水杨酸钠)中24 h内累积释放率为92.2%,药物释放速率显著慢于Taxol^®。药动学研究表明,与Taxol^®组相比,PTX/CRmP胶束中药物的分布和消除较慢,药-时曲线下面积显著增加,CRmP胶束能延长PTX半衰期及其在血液循环系统中的循环时间。结论 CRmP偶联物物理包载PTX于内核中所得的PTX/CRmP胶束,粒径小,在体外模拟血液pH环境中缓释,PTX生物利用度提高。