Metabolic profile of Diane-35 versus Diane-35 plus metformin in Chinese PCOS women under standardized life-style changes

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Diane-35 versus Diane-35?+?metformin on metabolic parameters in Chinese PCOS patients.

Methods: Patients getting individualized life-style modification were treated with Diane-35. Metformin was added according to its indication. Within a 3-month prospective study, metabolic parameters were assessed.

Results: Eighty-three patients were recruited, 45 using Diane-35 and 38 Diane-35 plus metformin. Using Diane-35, triglycerides (TG) (p?<?0.05) and tendencially (p?<?0.1) total cholesterol (TC) increased, but significant positive effects on BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and HDL-C/TC ratio were observed. Other lipids and the parameters for glucose metabolism remained unchanged. In the combination group, no negative effect on TG and TC was seen, other lipid fractions improved, as well as BMI, % body fat, and all parameters for glucose metabolism like fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, HOMA-insulin-resistance index, and insulin sensitivity index (ISI), whereby the beneficial effect of metformin got significance compared with Diane-35 for BMI, FPG, and ISI.

Conclusion: With the exception of increasing triglycerides, Diane-35 had no relevant negative effects in the metabolic system. It does not negatively impact the beneficial effects of metformin in lipids and glucose metabolism. Diane-35 plus metformin is effective in improving the metabolic profile of Chinese PCOS patients.     

Management of polycystic ovarian syndrome with Diane-35 or Diane-35 plus metformin

In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safe usage of the oral contraceptive, Diane-35, in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) when combined with the drug metformin. Eighty-two patients with PCOS were randomly divided into two equal groups: Diane-35 treatment group and Diane-35 plus metformin group. Three treatment cycles were administered. Patients’ biomedical data such as height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, acne score, hirsutism score and serum hormone levels were selected, which were tested between the second and the fifth day of the menstrual cycle and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), blood glucose, blood lipids and insulin levels(IR) were analyzed. Significant reduction in body mass index (BMI), acne score, LH and T levels were observed in both groups after three months of treatment; on the other hand, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentration elevated (p?p?相似文献   

Effect of orlistat or metformin in overweight and obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orlistat or metformin combined with Diane-35 on anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with insulin resistance (fasting insulin?>?10?mIU/L). A total of 240 PCOS women were randomly allocated to orlistat plus Diane-35(OD group), metformin plus Diane-35(MD group), orlistat plus metformin plus Diane-35(OMD group) or Diane-35 (D group). Body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, endocrine profile, lipid profile and insulin resistance were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Significant reductions in waist and hip circumference, serum LH, total testosterone and uric acid were observed in all groups compared with baseline. TG and TC significantly decreased in the OD group. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was reduced in the OD (p?=?.015), MD (p?=?.001) and OMD (p?=?.004) groups. Body weight, BMI, systolic BP and HDL-C significantly changed in the OD and OMD group compared with the D group (p?相似文献   

达英-35联合不同胰岛素增敏剂对PCOS伴IR患者的临床疗效比较

目的:比较吡格列酮和二甲双胍分别配伍达英-35治疗多囊卵巢综合征(P-COS)的内分泌异常以及对卵巢生殖功能恢复的疗效。方法:随机将91例PCOS合并胰岛素抵抗(IR)患者分为两组,吡格列酮配伍组47例口服达英-35和盐酸吡格列酮,二甲双胍配伍组44例口服达英-35和盐酸二甲双胍,两组均于治疗3个月后进行诱导排卵治疗3个周期。检测治疗前后性激素、IR程度、血脂水平以及观察诱导排卵的效果。结果:二甲双胍配伍组治疗后BM I明显降低(P<0.05)。两组治疗后F-G评分均显著降低(P<0.05),卵泡总数及卵巢体积均显著降低(P<0.01),LH、LH/FSH、A2均显著降低(P<0.01)。两组治疗后IR明显改善(P<0.01),吡格列酮配伍组FIN水平降低的更为显著(P<0.05)。吡格列酮配伍组治疗后TC显著下降(P<0.05),TG、LDL-C显著下降(P<0.01),HDL-C显著升高(P<0.05),二甲双胍配伍组治疗前后血脂无明显改变(P>0.05)。两组的周期排卵率、单卵泡发育率、妊娠结局无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:达英-35与吡格列酮配伍或与二甲双胍联合应用,均能改善PCOS患者的IR和高雄激素症状,对于异常的糖脂代谢,吡格列酮的疗效要优于二甲双胍。     

二甲双胍和噻唑烷二酮类分别与达因-35联用治疗多囊卵巢综合征的疗效比较

目的:比较二甲双胍和噻唑烷二酮类(TZDs)分别与达因-35联用治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的临床疗效。方法:随机将53例患者分成两组,A组予以二甲双胍治疗3个月后与达因-35共用3个月,B组予以TZDs治疗3个月后和达因-35共用3个月,总治疗期6个月,比较治疗前后内分泌激素、体重指数、血糖、排卵率等的改变。结果:两组治疗后胰岛素(INS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、睾酮(T)及黄体生成素(LH)均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。A组降低体重优于B组,B组改善胰岛素抵抗优于A组。两组在排卵率和妊娠率方面无显著差异(P>0.05),双胍组4例自发性妊娠,TZDs组也有4例自发性妊娠。随访1年,8例婴儿发育均无异常。结论:二甲双胍和TZDs分别与达因-35联用,均能改善PCOS患者的胰岛素抵抗及内分泌紊乱,肥胖的PCOS患者推荐首选二甲双胍+达因-35,体重正常者或胰岛素抵抗严重者选用TZDs+达因-35。     

Effects of metformin and ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate on clinical,endocrine and metabolic factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine abnormality that affects women of reproductive age. Oral contraceptive pills are usually the first choice of treatment for PCOS when fertility is not desired. Metformin, an insulin-sensitizing drug, has been shown to improve such metabolic abnormality.

Aim. To compare the effects of a contraceptive pill in combination with metformin on the clinical, endocrine and metabolic parameters in obese and non-obese patients with PCOS.

Methods. Sixty PCOS patients (25 obese, 35 non-obese) were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. PCOS was defined according to the Rotterdam criteria. Patients were randomized to oral treatment with Diane35® (35 μg ethinyl estradiol plus 2 mg cyproterone acetate), metformin or a combination of Diane35/metformin for 3 months. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) score, leuteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, fasting insulin and glucose/insulin ratio were measured at baseline and at the end of treatment.

Results. Diane35 resulted in a higher reduction of FG score in both obese and non-obese PCOS patients compared with metformin. Menstrual regularity was restored in all PCOS patients treated with Diane35 compared with only 28% of those receiving metformin. Metformin significantly decreased BMI and WHR in obese patients (p < 0.05). Testosterone levels decreased in all three groups. LH levels and LH/FSH ratio decreased with Diane35 and Diane35/metformin in both obese and non-obese patients. Metformin significantly decreased fasting insulin concentrations (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) and increased the insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05) in both obese and non-obese PCOS patients, while no significant changes were observed in the Diane35 group. In addition, insulin levels also decreased (p < 0.05) in the Diane35/metformin group.

Conclusions. Our data show that a combination of metformin and contraceptive pill may be more effective in suppressing the hyperandrogenemia of obese and non-obese PCOS patients than metformin alone and may reduce insulin levels more than contraceptive pill alone. Hence, combined treatment may become a more effective therapeutic option for PCOS.     

Efficacy of myo-inositol in the treatment of cutaneous disorders in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background.?Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine cause of hirsutism, acne and pattern alopecia, often characterised by ovulation disorders (usually manifested as oligo- or amenorrhea). In addition, 30–40% of women with PCOS have impaired glucose tolerance, and a defect in the insulin signalling pathway seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. For this reason, insulin-lowering medications represent novel approach in women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of myo-inositol (MYO), an isoform of inositol, belonging to the vitamin B complex, in the treatment of cutaneous disorders like hirsutism and acne.

Methods.?Fifty patients with PCOS were enrolled in the study. BMI, LH, FSH, insulin, HOMA index, androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone, hirsutism and acne were evaluated at the baseline and after receiving MYO therapy for 6 months.

Results.?After 3 months of MYO administration, plasma LH, testosterone, free testosterone, insulin and HOMA index resulted significantly reduced; no significant changes were observed in plasma FSH and androstenedione levels. Both hirsutism and acne decreased after 6 months of therapy.

Discussion.?MYO administration is a simple and safe treatment that ameliorates the metabolic profile of patients with PCOS, reducing hirsutism and acne.     

Metformin administration is more effective when non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome show both hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease that is frequently observed to be related to increased insulin resistance independent of body weight. The use of insulin-sensitizer compounds, such as metformin, permits great improvement of such metabolic abnormality, restoring ovarian function and gonadal steroid synthesis and reducing insulin resistance.

Aim. On this basis we aimed to evaluate a group of non-obese amenorrheic PCOS patients before and after 6 months of metformin administration (500 mg orally twice daily) to better understand upon which basis of clinical and endocrine parameters metformin administration might be chosen as a putative therapeutic tool.

Method. A group of non-obese PCOS patients (n = 42) was enrolled after informed consent. They underwent an oral glucose tolerance test for insulin, glucose and C-peptide levels and provided blood samples for determination of plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, estradiol, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, insulin, cortisol and testosterone levels on two occasions: before and on day 7 of the first menstrual cycle occurring after the 5th month of treatment.

Results. Plasma LH, estradiol, insulin and C-peptide were decreased significantly by metformin treatment in the entire group of PCOS patients. When subdividing PCOS patients according to insulin sensitivity (i.e. hyper- and normoinsulinemic subjects), a greater rate of positive endocrine changes was observed in hyperinsulinemic patients and the highest rate was observed in hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenic subjects. Menstrual cyclicity was recovered in all patients under treatment.

Conclusions. Our data show that metformin modulates ovarian function and greatly affects LH secretion through reduction of the hyperandrogenic condition. The highest rate of endocrine changes was observed in the hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenic non-obese PCOS patients. Our study demonstrates that metformin administration is more appropriate in hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenic non-obese PCOS patients.     

Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on glycemic control,lipid profiles,and gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract

This investigation was conducted to evaluate comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 53 women with PCOS, aged 18–40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to take either myo-inositol (n?=?26) or metformin (n?=?27) for 12 weeks. Myo-inositol supplementation, compared with metformin, significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β ?5.12?mg/dL; 95% CI, ?8.09, ?2.16; p=.001), serum insulin levels (β ?1.49 µIU/mL; 95% CI, ?2.28, ?0.70; p<.001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β ?0.36; 95% CI, ?0.55, ?0.17; p<.001), serum triglycerides (β 12.42?mg/dL; 95% CI, ?20.47, ?4.37; p=.003) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (β ?2.48?mg/dL; 95% CI, ?4.09, ?0.87; p=.003), and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.006; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.01; p=.006) compared with metformin. Moreover, myo-inositol supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (p=.002) compared with metformin. Overall, taking myo-inositol, compared with metformin, for 12 weeks by women with PCOS had beneficial effects on glycemic control, triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ.     

The platelet activating factor acetyl hydrolase,oxidized low-density lipoprotein,paraoxonase 1 and arylesterase levels in treated and untreated patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Purpose

To evaluate the platelet activating factor acetyl hydrolyze (PAF-AH), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), arylesterase (ARE) levels and the effects of metformin and Diane-35 (ethinyl oestradiol + cyproterone acetate) therapies on these parameters and to determine the PON1 polymorphisms among PCOS patients.

Methods

Ninety patients with PCOS, age 30, and body mass index-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: metformin treatment, Diane-35 treatment and no medication groups. The treatment with metformin or Diane-35 was continued for 6 months and all subjects were evaluated with clinical and biochemical parameters 6 months later. One-way Anova test, t test and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

PAF-AH and ox-LDL levels were statistically significantly higher in untreated PCOS patients than controls, and they were statistically significantly lower in patients treated with metformin or Diane-35 than untreated PCOS patients. In contrast, there were lower PON1 (not statistically significant) and ARE (statistically significant) levels in untreated PCOS patients than the control group and they significantly increased after metformin and Diane-35 treatments. In PCOS patients serum PON1 levels for QQ, QR and RR phenotypes were statistically significantly lower than the control group.

Conclusion

In patients with PCOS, proatherogenic markers increase. The treatment of PCOS with metformin or Diane-35 had positive effects on lipid profile, increased PON1 level, which is a protector from atherosclerosis and decreased the proatherogenic PAF-AH and ox-LDL levels.     

Effect of Metformin on Sleep Disorders in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

ObjectivePatients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have a high prevalence of sleep disorders. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that may have a role in treatment of the manifestations of PCOS. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of sleep disorders in adolescent girls with PCOS and to study the effects of using metformin on sleep disorders in these girls.MethodsThis study was carried out on 90 adolescent girls aging from 12 to 18 years who were divided into 3 equal groups: control untreated group, untreated PCOS group, and PCOS + metformin group. Body weight, height, body mass index, hirsutism score, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index, sleep disturbances scale, and Epworth sleepiness scale were measured.ResultsMetformin administration resulted in significant decrease in the body weight, body mass index, hirsutism score, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMA index, sleep disturbances scale, and Epworth sleepiness scale compared to the untreated PCOS group.ConclusionMetformin can reduce the incidence of sleep disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescent girls with PCOS.     

Serum resistin and adiponectin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim.?This study was performed to compare the serum levels of resistin and adiponectin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal controls.

Materials and methods.?Seventy-six patients (36 obese, 40 non-obese) with PCOS and 42 healthy subjects were included in the study. Serum levels of resistin, adiponectin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-hydroxy progesterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, glucose, insulin and lipid parameters were measured. Insulin resistance and carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated by using the homeostasis model (HOMA) and the area under the insulin curve (AUCI).

Results.?Plasma resistin levels, HOMA-IR and AUCI were significantly higher and adiponectin level was lower in women with PCOS than those in healthy women. Plasma resistin levels were similar among obese and non-obese women with PCOS. No correlation was observed between resistin, body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, AUCI, insulin, lipid parameters and serum androgen levels. In obese PCOS patients, adiponectin levels were lower than in the lean PCOS patients. A negative correlation was observed among adiponectin, HOMA-IR, AUCI, BMI, testosterone, DHEAS, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) levels.

Conclusion.?These results suggest that the serum adiponectin level may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. But resistin levels were independently associated with insulin resistance and BMI in PCOS patients. Nevertheless, wider-scale trials are required to be performed on this subject.     

d-Chiro-inositol and its significance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

Background.?The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been linked to the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of insulin sensitising agents such as d-chiro-inositol (DCI) on ovulation and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Methods.?This was a systematic review done in an Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the UK of all studies published on PCOS and DCI up till May 2010. Patients were women with PCOS receiving DCI or where the relationship between insulin resistance and DCI had been investigated. Ovulation rates and changes in insulin sensitivity were the main outcome measures.

Results.?Less DCI-IPG was released in PCOS women compared to controls and this seems to correlate positively with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia evident in these patients. DCI administration had beneficial effects on ovulation, anthropometric and metabolic markers in PCOS women by enhancing insulin. The effects of metformin in improving insulin action in PCOS women was achieved though the release of DCI-IPG mediators.

Conclusions.?Heterogeneity observed in the methodologies of each study, the scarcity of relevant studies and the small sample sizes used prohibit reliable conclusions to be drawn. Therefore, more studies must be conducted in the future to evaluate accurately the effects of DCI in PCOS.     

Metformin administration restores allopregnanolone response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation in overweight hyperinsulinemic patients with PCOS

Objective.?To investigate the adrenal response in terms of allopregnanolone secretion in a group of hyperinsulinemic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design.?Controlled clinical study.

Setting.?Patients with PCOS in a clinical research environment.

Patients.?Twenty-two overweight patients with PCOS with hyperinsulinism were enrolled after informed consent.

Interventions.?All patients underwent hormonal evaluations, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test before and after 4 months of metformin administration (500 mg p.o. bi-daily). Ultrasound examinations and Ferriman-Gallway score were also performed. Main outcome measures. plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol, 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17OHP), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), allopregnanolone, glucose, insulin, C peptide concentrations, body mass index (BMI).

Results.?Metformin administration reduced significantly LH, A, T, insulin and BMI, while allopregnanolone was significantly increased with no change in progesterone plasma levels. Insulin response to OGTT decreased and allopregnanolone response to ACTH stimulation before while this was restored after the treatment interval. The Ferriman-Gallway score as well as the ovarian volume was significantly decreased after 4 months of metformin therapy.

Conclusions.?In overweight patients with PCOS with hyperinsulinism, allopregnanolone secretion is impaired and metformin administration restored normal allopregnanolone concentrations modulating both steroid syntheses from the ovaries and from adrenal gland.     

Screening for insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Introduction Insulin resistance is implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Insulin-sensitizing agents are increasingly used in the treatment of infertility and hirsutism in PCOS. However, not all women with PCOS are insulin-resistant.

Objective To assess the degree of insulin resistance within a clinic population of women referred for treatment of oligomenorrhoea or infertility.

Design We evaluated 25 consecutive PCOS outpatients referred for treatment of menstrual dysfunction/infertility and a matched control group. All underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with serial insulin measurements. Insulin sensitivity was calculated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).

Results Five of the 25 clinic patients had abnormal glucose handling (two had previously unknown type 2 diabetes and three had impaired glucose tolerance). Fasting and 2-h insulin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS women. Mean HOMA-S (insulin sensitivity) was even lower for PCOS women with normal GTT status (mean (95% confidence interval): 0.53 (0.34–0.72)) than for controls (0.94 (0.84–1.04)) (F?=?4.2, p?<?0.001). HOMA-B (pancreatic β-cell function) was nearly tripled for normal GTT status PCOS women at 273 (205–342) versus 105 (70–139) for controls (F?=?6.8, p?<?0.001).

Conclusions The results suggest a role for routine measurement of HOMA-S in identifying women with PCOS with insulin resistance with a view to targeting them with insulin-sensitizing agents.     

Effects of a low-dose estrogen-antiandrogen combination (Diane-35) on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of an oral contraceptive containing 35 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of cyproterone acetate (Diane-35) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Twenty three patients with PCOS were treated with Diane-35 for between 9 and 18 cycles without interruption (a total of 318 treated cycles). Metabolic evaluations, which included measurements of fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipids, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoproteins (Apo A1, Apo A2 and Apo B), were performed before treatment and every 3rd cycle during the treatment period. In the case of 5 women an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed before and after the 12th cycle of Diane-35 treatment, with blood samples taken for glucose, insulin and C-peptide measurements. Total cholesterol showed a significant increase after the 6th cycle (p less than 0.001) and reached the mean maximal value after the 9th cycle. A similar increasing trend was observed with LDL-cholesterol, which also reached the maximal mean level after the 9th cycle of treatment (p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in HDL-cholesterol levels. Significant increases in serum triglyceride (p less than 0.01) and total lipids (p less than 0.001) were observed after the 3rd cycle. Apo A2 concentrations increased significantly after the 6th cycle (p less than 0.001) and showed an increasing trend thereafter. A significant increase was also observed in Apo B concentrations after the 6th cycle but these decreased after the 12th cycle. In spite of these observed increases in serum lipids and lipoproteins, the mean levels remained within the normal range throughout the treatment period. Fasting serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations did not show any significant changes during the study. Higher insulin and C-peptide responses during the oGTT were observed after the 12th cycle but the differences in the areas under the curve before and after treatment were not significant. A deterioration of blood glucose was observed after treatment with Diane-35, a significant difference in mean values being noted 150 minutes after the glucose overload (p less than 0.005). However, the areas under the curve in blood glucose response before (34.92 +/- 4.12) and after (43.45 +/- 3.61) treatment were not significantly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清脂联素水平及与胰岛素抵抗相关性的研究

目的:检测多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清脂联素(APN)水平,探讨APN与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的相关性。方法:研究对象于月经周期第3~5天行75g糖耐量实验(OGTT实验),分别测定0h、1h、2h的血糖(FPG、PG1h、PG2h)、胰岛素(FINS、INS1h、INS2h)和脂联素(FAPN、APN1h、APN2h)。PCOS患者给予达英-353个周期联合二甲双胍治疗3个月后复查上述指标,比较治疗前后的变化。结果:(1)PCOS组与对照组均表现为肥胖组APN水平低于非肥胖组,且PCOS组中肥胖组与非肥胖组的APN水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);(2)PCOS组中肥胖组与非肥胖组的FINS、INS1h、INS2h、AUCins及HOMA-IR均高于对照组,且肥胖PCOS组高于非肥胖PCOS组(P<0.05);(3)PCOS组经二甲双胍联合达英-35治疗后FINS、INS1h、INS2h、AUCins、HOMA-IR均降低(P<0.05),而APN水平明显升高;(4)相关性分析表明,PCOS患者APN水平与FINS、INS1h、INS2h、FPG、AUCins、HOMA-IR和BMI均呈负相关。多元逐步回归分析显示,APN与FINS、HOMA-IR的相关性最显著。结论:PCOS患者APN水平显著降低与IR密切相关。     

Endometrial injury in the menstrual cycle prior to assisted reproduction techniques to improve reproductive outcomes

Abstract

Objective: Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are widely used for treating women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin has beneficial effects on insulin resistance and endothelial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (EE) alone or in combination with metformin on the flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in women with PCOS.

Methods: Fifty women with PCOS (mean age 23?±?5) were randomized to oral treatment of OCP alone (n?=?25) or an OCP combination with metformin (n?=?25) for 6 months. FMD from the brachial artery and CIMT were calculated. The hormonal profile, HOMA-IR score, basal insulin and glucose levels were studied in both groups. Before and after 6 months' treatment, echocardiographic measurements and laboratory tests were also obtained.

Results: After 6 months' treatment we observed a small decrease in FMD in the OCP group (14.9?±?9.4 versus 14.4?±?9.9, p?=?0.801) and a slight increase in the combination group (14.5?±?9.1 versus 15.0?±?8.0, p?=?0.715) but neither of them reached significance. CIMT increased in the OCP group (0.048?±?0.011 to 0.050?±?0.010?cm, p?=?0.433) and decreased slightly in the combination group (0.049?±?0.012, 0.048?±?0.011?cm, p?=?0.833).

Conclusion: We demonstrated that adding metformin to OCP treatment may have beneficial effect on FMD and CIMT that represent vascular function in patients with PCOS. These results suggest that adding metformin to OCP treatment for PCOS could preserve the cardiovascular system and improve it.     

The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index is not able to detect early metabolic alterations in young patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective.?To verify whether QUICKY is a suitable method for the identification of metabolic deterioration in normal weight patients affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Design.?Prospective clinical study.

Patient(s).?Seventy-nine PCOS normal weight adolescent subjects, 50 eumenorrheic, normal weight, non-hirsute controls matched for age and BMI.

Method(s).?Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKY) and integrated secretory area under the curve of insulin values (I-AUC) during oral glucose tolerance test were calculated.

Result(s).?Seventy-nine PCOS and 50 controls were studied. Normal insulin sensitivity was defined as upper control 95th percentile by QUICKY values?<0.31, I-AUC at 180?min?<?16,645. When applying the calculated I-AUC cut-off, 41 PCOS were classified as normoinsulinemic and 38 as hyperinsulinemic, whereas using the calculated QUICKY cut-off, only 19 PCOS could be classified as insulin resistant (IR). Fifteen out of the 60 non-IR PCOS presented hyperinsulinemia; fasting glucose and insulin levels and QUICKY were not sufficient to identify these subjects. Thus, QUICKY displayed a low sensitivity (44%) and specificity (91%) in the diagnosis of the metabolic disorder disclosed by I-AUC.

Conclusions.?In young normal weight patients with PCOS the prevalence of early alterations of insulin metabolism are not detectable by QUICKY studies.