Optical coherence tomography in pediatric patients: A feasible technique for diagnosing celiac disease in children with villous atrophy

Background and aimCeliac disease is a common condition with many atypical manifestations, where histology serves as the “gold standard” for diagnosis. A useful new technique, optical coherence tomography, can depict villous morphology in detail, using light waves. This study examined the correlation between the sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography in pediatric patients undergoing esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy for the diagnosis of celiac disease.Materials and methodsA total of 134 children were prospectively enrolled, 67 with a serological suspicion of celiac disease (group 1) and 67 with negative histology for celiac disease (group 2). During a diagnostic esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy we acquired multiple images and films in the four quadrants of the second part of the duodenum, and biopsies were taken in the area where optical coherence tomography had been done. Three patterns of villous morphology were considered: pattern 1 = no atrophy (types 0, 1 or 2 of the Marsh classification); pattern 2 = mild atrophy (type 3a or 3b); pattern 3 = marked atrophy (type 3c).ResultsThe diagnosis of celiac disease was histologically confirmed in all 67 children with positive antiendomysium and/or antitransglutaminase antibodies. Optical coherence tomography correlated with pattern 1 histology in 11/11 cases, pattern 2 in 30/32 (93.8%) and pattern 3 in 22/24 (91.6%). Sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 100%. In the control group there was 100% concordance between optical coherence tomography and histology. The overall concordance between optical coherence tomography and histology in determining patchy lesions was 75%.ConclusionOptical coherence tomography could be a helpful diagnostic tool in children with mild or marked villous atrophy for diagnosing celiac disease during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, avoiding biopsies. However, duodenal biopsies are mandatory if the optical coherence tomography shows normal villous morphology in patients with positive antibodies.     

The safety of renal denervation as assessed by optical coherence tomography: pre- and post-procedure comparison with multi-electrode ablation catheter in animal experiment

ObjectiveTo prove the effectiveness and safety of multi-electrode ablation catheter in renal denervation (RDN) by optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsSixteen renal arteries were enrolled from 8 pigs. Angiography and OCT were performed to analyze the morphological changes before RDN and at 1-month follow-up. Blood pressure and creatinine were measured to prove the effectiveness and safety of the catheter.ResultsOne renal artery was excluded because of the small diameter. Fifteen renal arteries successfully underwent renal denervation and OCT. Mean blood pressure was significantly reduced at 1 month after RDN (122.40 ± 3.54 mmHg vs. 106.50 ± 2.06 mmHg, n = 8, P < .001). Creatinine follow-up after 1 month showed no significant change (45.37 ± 7.44 vs. 65.87 ± 49.20 μmol/L, n = 8, P = 0.275). The minimal lumen diameter showed that the renal artery immediately narrowed after the procedure (7.17 ± 0.60 mm vs. 5.93 ± 0.97 mm, n = 15, P < .001). Vasospasm, vascular wall edemas, and thrombus formations all showed significant changes after the procedure except renal artery dissection (0% vs. 21.4%, P = 0.067) under the OCT. Adverse event as renal artery occluded showed no significant difference (0% vs. 6.7%, P > .05). OCT results showed no significant difference in vasospasm, dissections, wall edemas, and thrombus formations (P > .05) at 1 month after the procedure.ConclusionThis multi-electrode ablation catheter could cause minor injury to renal artery instantly after RDN, but it is found to be safe in the animal model at 1-month follow-up.     

A coronary “tunnel”: Optical coherence tomography assessment after rotational atherectomy

A 81‐year‐old woman was admitted for exertional angina. Coronary angiogram revealed a severely calcific proximal circumflex lesion. Rotational atherectomy was performed with 1.5 and 1.75 burrs, obtaining a good angiographic result. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment revealed a large dissection parallel to the true lumen. We implanted a 3.0 mm × 38 mm Xience Prime^® stent and postdilated it with a 3.0‐mm non‐compliant balloon. Final OCT pullback showed mild malapposed struts with large lumen area. 3D‐OCT reconstruction confirmed a large lumen after stent implantation.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Comparison of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the prediction of thin-cap fibroatheroma determined by intravascular optical coherence tomography

BackgroundThe correlation among the ratios of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/ HDL-C), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and thin-cap fibroatheroma has not yet been established.MethodsIt was a single center, retrospective observational study. In total, we recruited 421 patients (82.4% men; mean age 65.73 ± 10.44 years) with one culprit vessel which determined by intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT). The thinnest-capped fibroatheroma (TCFA) group was defined as lipid contents in > 2 quadrants, with the thinnest fibrous cap measuring less than 65 μm. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to explore the relationship between lipoprotein ratios, TCFA and other characteristics of plaque. To compare different ratios, the area under curve (AUC) of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was assessed.ResultsOCT was performed in 421 patients (TCFA group (n = 109), non-TCFA group (n = 312)). LDL-C/HDL-C in the TCFA group was significantly higher than in the non-TCFA group (2.95 ± 1.20 vs. 2.43 ± 0.92, P < 0.05), as was TC/LDL in TCFA and non-TCFA group (4.57 ± 1.58 vs. 4.04 ± 1.13, P < 0.05). Both LDL-C/HDL-C (OR: 1.002 (1.002-1.003), P < 0.05) and TC/HDL-C (OR: 1.001 (1.001-1.004), P < 0.05) were considered independent factors for the prediction of TCFA according to the logistic regression. Based on the AUC comparison, LDL-C/ HDL-C and TC/HDL-C had no significant difference statistically (LDL-C/HDL-C AUC: 0.63; TC/HDL-C AUC: 0.61; P = 0.10) for the prediction of TCFA.ConclusionsLDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C could be the independent factors for predicting the presence of TCFA, indicating coronary plaque vulnerability in CAD patients. Moreover, TC/HDL-C also showed a comparative performance for the prediction of TCFA as LDL-C/HDL-C.     

Assessment of the human cutaneous microvasculature using optical coherence tomography: Proving Harvey’s proof

William Harvey proved the circulation of blood 400 years ago using a combination of ligature application and astute observation that presaged the existence of capillaries. Here we report findings, based on our development of a novel application of optical coherence tomography (OCT), that directly confirm the impact of cuff inflation on microvessels as small as ~30µm. By emulating Harvey's proofs, using cuff inflation at low pressure in the presence and absence of skin heating, we have imaged and quantified significant effects on microvascular diameter and density in humans in vivo. The application of cuff pressure significantly increased microvascular diameter (40.5 ± 4.6 vs 47.1 ± 3.9 µm, P = .01) and density (8.33 ± 4.3 vs 15.1 ± 4.9%, P < .01). These impacts were reversed by cuff deflation. Our study also showed the profound impacts of skin heating on microvessel diameter (46.7 ± 5.8 vs 70.6 ± 7.8 µm, P < .01) and density (14.2 ± 6.5 vs 43.2 ± 9%, P < .01) in vivo, which were further exacerbated by cuff inflation. Our approach to the direct visualization of the human skin microvasculature is non‐invasive, safe, and easily applied. Future experiments might be directed at questions of microvascular physiology and pathophysiology, such as how different mammals thermoregulate and what impacts cardiovascular disease and diabetes have on microvascular structure and function.     

光学相干断层扫描在视网膜脱离手术疗效评价中的应用

目的探讨在视网膜脱离手术疗效评价中应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)的价值。方法对50例50眼裂孔源性视网膜脱离波及黄斑部患者进行冷凝、巩膜外垫压+环扎和放出视网膜下液手术,手术前及手术后1 w、1 M、3 M、6 M、12 M进行OCT检查,定量检测黄斑中心凹下积液高度、黄斑部视网膜神经上皮厚度。结果随访时间为13~21(16.26±2.59)个月,平均黄斑中心凹下积液高度手术前为(735.88±532.86)μm,手术后1 w为(150.54±188.43)μm,两者差异有统计学意义(t=7.3231,P0.05);平均黄斑部视网膜神经上皮厚度手术前为(132.12±56.89)μm,手术后1 w为(109.18±40.93)μm,两者差异有统计学意义(t=2.3142,P0.05);手术后1 w间接检眼镜下视网膜复位47例(94%),OCT仅显示15例(30%)黄斑中心凹下积液高度为0,此时33例脱盲(矫正视力≥0.05)(66.0%);手术后12 M OCT显示47例(94.0%)黄斑中心凹下积液高度为0,此时48例脱盲(96.0%)。结论 OCT能定量测量黄斑中心凹下积液高度,客观评价视网膜脱离手术后疗效,为视网膜脱离手术后的治疗提供依据。     

Preliminary observations using optical coherence tomography to assess neointimal coverage of a metal stent in a porcine model

BackgroundConcerns surrounding late stent thrombosis have prompted the development of novel imaging techniques to assess neointimal coverage. Recent clinical studies have evaluated optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate neointimal coverage, but pathologic correlation in an animal model is lacking. We assessed the hypothesis that OCT could accurately assess early neointimal coverage in a porcine model.MethodsOCT imaging of bare metal stents in each coronary artery was performed at implantation (n=6), Day 4 (n=3), and Day 20 (n=3), and images were evaluated at three cross-sections per stented segment. Neointimal strut coverage was categorized by OCT as covered or uncovered, and neointimal thickness was determined (Day 20). Pathological correlation was obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess strut coverage (Day 4) and histomorphometry to quantify neointimal thickness (Day 20).ResultsAt Day 4, OCT imaging detected 28 (26%) of 109 uncovered struts, and the ratio of uncovered/total strut area by SEM was 31%. All imaging modalities showed complete coverage at Day 20. Mean (±SE) neointimal thickness at Day 20 was 109±6 μm by OCT (n=116 struts) and 93±5 μm by pathology (n=68). Mean neointimal thickness on a segment-by-segment basis determined by OCT correlated with mean histomorphometric analysis (Reviewer 1: r=.74, P=.092 and Reviewer 2: r=0.60, P=.212).ConclusionsDay 4 represents an important time point for the assessment of early neointimal coverage in the porcine model. OCT imaging accurately assesses the extent and thickness of early neointimal coverage with good pathologic correlation. OCT represents a promising imaging modality for the in vivo assessment of neointimal coverage.     

光学相干断层扫描结合组织型转谷氨酰胺酶lgA抗体检测对乳糜泻的诊断价值

目的　探讨光学相干断层扫描（ optical coherence tomography,OCT）结合组织型转谷氨酰胺酶lgA抗体（tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody,tTGA）检测对乳糜泻的诊断价值,构建相关列线图模型并验证其预测患乳糜泻的效能。方法　选取2019年1月至2022年8月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院就诊的109例乳糜泻筛查评分≥3分患者作为研究对象,按是否病理确诊为乳糜泻分为乳糜泻组和非乳糜泻组,比较两组患者一般临床资料、tTGA以及OCT表现,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的指标进一步采用多因素logistic回归模型分析,获得独立预测因素,基于独立预测因素构建预测患乳糜泻风险的列线图模型,绘制列线图模型的校准曲线,评价列线图模型的校准能力,绘制独立预测因素的受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic, ROC）曲线,进一步分析其预测效能。结果　乳糜泻组体重指数［（20.2±1.4）kg/m2比（23.3±1.5）kg/m2,t=2.459,P=0.023］以及血红蛋白含量［（79.8±10.7）g/L比（88.7±10.9）g/L,t=3.487,P<0.001］明显低于非乳糜泻组,乳糜泻筛查评分明显高于非乳糜泻组［（7.0±1.0）分比（4.0±1.0）分,t=8.157,P<0.001］,tTGA阳性所占比例（16/24比20/85,χ2=5.462,P=0.024）以及OCT小肠绒毛萎缩所占比例（20/24比10/85,χ2=9.255,P<0.001）明显高于非乳糜泻组;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,tTGA阳性（OR=2.687,95%CI：1.496~7.289,P=0.011）、乳糜泻筛查评分（OR=2.336,95%CI：1.254~7.875,P=0.017）以及OCT小肠绒毛萎缩（OR=5.635, 95%CI：1.534~12.009,P<0.001）为乳糜泻的独立预测因素。以tTGA、乳糜泻筛查评分以及OCT小肠绒毛萎缩结合其影响权重建立列线图模型,校准曲线显示,乳糜泻患病风险的预测值与实际观测值符合度良好（P>0.05）。ROC分析结果显示,tTGA预测乳糜泻的曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）为0.756（95%CI： 0.721~0.826）;乳糜泻筛查评分预测乳糜泻的AUC为0.789（95%CI： 0.751~0.854）,最佳诊断截点为8分; OCT小肠绒毛萎缩预测乳糜泻的AUC为0.819（95%CI： 0.783~0.872）,三者联合预测的AUC为0.913（95%CI： 0.867~0.954）。结论　基于tTGA、乳糜泻筛查评分以及OCT小肠绒毛萎缩建立的列线图模型能用于准确预测乳糜泻患病风险。     

光学相干断层扫描评价血清同型半胱氨酸升高对视网膜血管结构的影响

目的通过光学相干断层扫描(OCT)评价血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)升高对视网膜血管结构的影响。方法2014年4月至2018年12月期间眼科门诊行双眼OCT检查的受试者115例,根据血清Hcy水平将受试者分为高Hcy组(观察组,37例)和非高Hcy组(对照组,78例)。对照组进一步分成Hcy轻度升高亚组(28例)和Hcy低水平亚组(50例)。分析比较性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟情况、基础疾病、血脂及双眼OCT检查视网膜血管计量参数。结果糖尿病及冠心病占比观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。视网膜血管定量参数中动脉壁厚度、动脉壁/管腔比值比及动脉横截面面积观察组[(21.69±3.22)μm,(0.32±0.04),(7974.35±1706.88)μm2]均显著大于对照组[(16.23±3.62)μm,(0.24±0.05),(6056.05±1465.72)μm2],动脉内径[(94.81±13.98)μm]小于对照组[(102.55±13.43)μm],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。动静脉内径比观察组显著小于对照组[(0.69±0.09)比(0.75±0.12),P<0.05]。Hcy轻度升高亚组和Hcy低水平亚组视网膜静脉外径[(170.82±24.71)μm比(159.74±18.82)μm]、静脉壁厚度[(13.77±4.16)μm比(12.75±2.27)μm]及静脉横截面面积[(6703.14±1742.75)μm2比(5528.54±1087.07)μm2]差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论Hcy水平升高可影响视网膜血管结构,初期以视网膜静脉结构改变为主,后期以视网膜动脉结构改变为主。     

光学干涉断层成像系统对冠心病病变特征的评价

目的:初步探讨光学干涉断层成像(OCT)系统评价冠心病病变特征的价值。方法:分析在2005年12月行冠状动脉造影检查的同时接受OCT检查的5例冠心病患者的OCT影像特征。结果:2例不稳定型心绞痛患者中,1例右冠状动脉中段成角病变狭窄99%,OCT清晰显示血栓、钙化、纤维帽厚度及脂质斑块,介入治疗后OCT检查示支架贴壁良好,血栓消失;1例前降支狭窄50%,OCT探测到清晰的附壁血栓、最薄处纤维帽及斑块破裂。3例介入治疗后患者中,1例回旋支中远段支架内狭窄75%、2例前降支支架内狭窄50%,OCT检查精确定量再狭窄程度63.33%~87.25%,增生基质主要为纤维样组织,可见少许脂质样基质,其中回旋支支架内狭窄患者OCT检查时发生支架远段冠状动脉夹层,行回旋支远段支架置入术治疗。结论:OCT系统在评价冠心病病变特征和介入治疗结果方面具有较好的应用价值。     

Thrombose de stent : quoi de neuf en 2017 ?

Stent thrombosis (ST) is still a dreadful and threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a high risk of morbi-mortality. Nevertheless, it becomes exceptional (0.6% at 1 year and 0.15%/year later) thanks to improvement of stents and use of new P2Y12 inhibitors. Endo-coronary imaging and especially Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) change radically its understanding with revealing quiet systematic morphologic endoluminal abnormalities (97% of the cases). OCT becomes an essential tool in practice (ESC recommendation class IIa) and allows a therapeutic strategy optimization. Its prevention is based on mechanical causes correction and a personalized adaptation of anti-platelet treatment.     

评价国产光学相干断层成像系统临床应用的安全性和准确性

目的评价国产光学相干断层成像(OCT)系统临床应用的安全性和准确性。方法本研究是多中心、前瞻性、自身对照的研究设计。在4家医院入选98例冠心病患者行冠状动脉内OCT检查。使用了两种OCT系统,一种是目前临床应用的Light lab C7 OCT系统(美国,雅培公司),另一种为国产OCT系统(中国,南京沃福曼医疗科技有限公司)。每例患者的靶血管需接受两种OCT检查,使用的先后顺序依据研究随机号码决定。主要研究终点为清晰成像长度(CIL)>24 mm的比例,次要研究终点包括支架内最小管腔直径(MLD)、支架内最小管腔面积(MLA)、冠状动脉内边缘夹层、组织脱垂和贴壁不良等,安全性终点包括器械成功率及术中并发症发生率。结果98例患者中50例患者首先进行国产OCT系统检查,48例患者首先进行Light lab C7 OCT系统检查,随机均衡分配。国产OCT系统与Light lab C7 OCT系统首先检查患者比例[50(51.0%)比48(49.0%)],器械成功率[98(100.0%)比98(100.0%)]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.999)。两种OCT系统检查的时间间隔为(5.0±0.5)min,两种OCT系统的成像导管送入和退出靶血管过程顺利,无操作故障,检查过程中均无心绞痛、心律失常、夹层及血栓等并发症发生。同一靶血管先后应用国产OCT系统和Light lab C7 OCT系统检查,均获得了清晰的血管影像。国产OCT系统与Light lab C7 OCT系统检查患者CIL>24 mm比例[96(98.0%)比96(98.0%),P>0.999]、CIL[(41.6±8.8)mm比(40.8±9.3)mm,P=0.691]、清晰支架长度[(20.3±3.8)mm比(20.8±3.6)mm,P=0.477]、MLD[(2.5±0.4)mm比(2.6±0.5)mm,P=0.341]、MLA[(5.8±2.1)mm^2比(5.9±1.9)mm^2,P=0.859]比较,差异均无统计学意义。国产OCT系统与Light lab C7 OCT系统检查冠状动脉内微结构的变化,支架边缘夹层[1(1.0%)比1(1.0%)]、组织脱垂[42(42.9%)比42(42.9%)]和贴壁不良[44(44.9%)比44(44.9%)]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.999)。结论国产OCT系统安全性和有效性与Light lab C7 OCT系统相当。     

Optical coherence tomography compared with histology of the main pancreatic duct structure in normal and pathological conditions: An ‘ex vivo study’

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Optical coherence tomography permits high-resolution imaging of tissue microstructures by a probe inserted into the main pancreatic duct through a standard ERCP catheter. The aim of this study was to compare optical coherence tomography images of the main pancreatic duct with histology and identify the optical coherence tomography pattern of the normal and pathological structure of the main pancreatic duct. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multiple sections of neoplastic and non-neoplastic segments of 10 consecutive surgical pancreatic specimens obtained from patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma were investigated by optical coherence tomography scanning within 1h of resection. One hundred optical coherence tomography findings were then compared with the corresponding histopathological diagnoses. RESULTS: Main pancreatic duct wall architecture appeared at optical coherence tomography investigation as a three-layer structure with a different back-scattered signal from each layer. Optical coherence tomography imaging was concordant with histology in 81.8% and 18.75% of sections with normal tissue and chronic inflammatory changes. The K statistic between the two procedures was equal to 0.059 for non-neoplastic main pancreatic duct wall appearance. In all neoplastic sections optical coherence tomography showed a subverted layer architecture with heterogeneous back-scattering of the signal and was concordant with histology. CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography provided images of main pancreatic duct wall structure that were concordant with histology in 100% of cases in presence of neoplastic ductal changes and did not have false-positive or negative results. Optical coherence tomography images were also concordant with histology in about 80% of cases with normal main pancreatic duct structure; however, the differential diagnosis between normal tissue and chronic pancreatitis or dysplastic changes appeared very difficult.     

支架内再狭窄38例光学相干断层成像影像分析

目的分析支架内再狭窄患者光学相干断层成像(OCT)影像学表现特征。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月在西京医院行冠状动脉造影诊断为支架内再狭窄并行OCT检查患者38例,共42处支架内再狭窄病变。支架内再狭窄时间为52.0(17.5,84.0)个月。根据发生时间分为支架内再狭窄时间≤20个月组(11例,12处病变,中位随访时间8.5个月)和支架内再狭窄时间>20个月组(27例,30处病变,中位随访时间75个月)。结果38例患者平均年龄为(62.84±11.08)岁,其中男性22例(57.9%),高血压病19例(50.0%),糖尿病17例(44.7%)。定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)分析结果显示,最小管腔直径为(0.88±0.55)mm,直径再狭窄率为(66.41±18.51)%。OCT对支架内再狭窄可能原因分析,支架膨胀不全、贴壁不良、支架直径偏小分别占21.1%、10.5%以及5.3%。OCT对血栓性质分析,血栓见于21.1%患者,其中红色血栓、白色血栓及混合血栓分别占2.6%、5.3%以及13.2%。支架内再狭窄时间>20个月组钙化(26.7%比8.3%,P=0.372)、薄纤维帽粥样硬化斑块(10.0%比0,P=0.556)、巨噬细胞(40.0%比8.3%,P=0.102)、斑块侵蚀(50.0%比16.7%,P=0.101)与支架内再狭窄时间≤20个月组发生率相比,差异均无统计学意义,但均有升高趋势,而脂质(60.0%比25.0%,P=0.040)差异有统计学意义。结论支架内再狭窄患者伴有支架膨胀不全或贴壁不良等手术操作因素,随着时间的延长支架内再狭窄患者新生斑块不稳定性有增加趋势。     

Intravascular ultrasound,optical coherence tomography and near infrared spectroscopy

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows for a thorough analysis of the atheroma's morphology in vivo. Moreover, it helps to guide coronary intervention and assess the results of stenting. IVUS, OCT and NIRS provide unique data about the analyzed tissue and thus all of them complement each other. Their application in daily clinical practice helps to understand the underlying pathology of disease and may contribute to the improvement of outcomes in coronary interventions.     

Optical coherence tomography analysis of strut coverage in biolimus- and sirolimus-eluting stents: 3-Month and 12-month serial follow-up

Background

No randomized studies have been conducted to investigate serial changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) analyses following implantation of biolimus-A9-eluting stents (BES) and sirolimus-eluting stents (SES).

Methods

A total of 60 patients fulfilling the study criteria were randomly assigned into BES (n = 30) and SES (n = 30) implantation groups. Serial OCT evaluation at post-procedure, 3- and 12-month follow-up was performed in 46 patients [BES (n = 22) and SES (n = 24)]. OCT analyses were compared according to the type of stents and the follow-up time intervals. The percentage of uncovered struts was defined as the ratio of uncovered struts to total struts in all cross-sections. The primary endpoint was the percentage change (Δ) of uncovered struts in the 3- and 12-month follow-up samples.

Results

The percentage of uncovered struts at the 3-month time period was not significantly different in the BES and SES groups; the median value (interquartile range) was 14.7% (0.0–23.4) versus 8.6% (0.7–21.5) (p = 0.98), respectively. However, OCT at the 12-month follow-up showed a significantly lower percentage of uncovered struts [2.6% (0.8–5.6) versus 6.2% (1.7–14.7), (p = 0.028), respectively] without significant difference of neointimal thickness. BES showed a greater reduction of percentage Δ of uncovered struts from 3–12 months than that of SES [− 17.2 ± 14.5% versus − 7.7 ± 16.3%, respectively (p = 0.043)].

Conclusions

Both drug-eluting stents showed a high percentage of incomplete strut coverage at 3 months. However, BES showed a significantly lower percentage of uncovered struts at 12 months compared to that of SES. This was achieved by superior strut coverage from 3 to 12 months.