胱抑素C估算肾小球滤过率对人工肝治疗HBV相关性慢加急性肝衰竭短期预后的预测价值

  目的  探讨胱抑素C估算肾小球滤过率（cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR-CysC）对人工肝治疗的乙型肝炎病毒相关性慢加急性肝功能衰竭（hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, HBV-ACLF）预后的预测价值。  方法  回顾性收集我院364例人工肝治疗的HBV-ACLF住院患者,根据28 d死亡率将患者分为存活组269例和死亡组95例,分析临床资料和实验室数据对患者短期预后的价值。  结果  多因素Cox回归分析显示,基线eGFR-CysC水平低是HBV-ACLF患者28 d死亡率的独立风险因素之一（风险比=0.987;95%置信区间:0.979～0.996,P=0.003）。基线eGFR-CysC水平与终末期肝病模型评分（the model for end-stage liver disease, MELD）（r=?0.439,P<0.001）、MELD联合血清钠评分（r=?0.481,P<0.001）和慢性肝衰竭联盟-慢加急性肝衰竭预后评分（Chronic Liver Failure Consortium ACLF, CLIF-C ACLF)（r=?0.340,P<0.001）呈负相关。受试者工作特性（receiver operating characteristic, ROC）曲线分析示基线值,第一次、第二次、第三次使用人工肝治疗后的eGFR-CysC值判断患者28 d死亡与否的曲线下面积分别为0.639、0.697、0.716、0.749（P<0.001）,eGFR-CysC最佳临界值分别为70.620、67.525、61.725、64.685 mL/(min·1.73 m2)。  结论  eGFR-CysC水平能辅助评价人工肝治疗HBV-ACLF患者短期死亡率,动态监测的临床应用价值更高。     

COSSH ACLFⅡ评分模型对乙肝病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后评估和病情分级的应用价值

目的：评估中国重症乙型肝炎研究学组（COSSH）慢加急性肝衰竭（acute-on-chronic liver failure,ACLF2.0(COSSH ACLFⅡ)评分对乙肝病毒相关ACLF(HBV-ACLF)患者短期预后评估和病情分级的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析皖南医学院附属第一医院2017年1月—2021年12月收治的114例HBV-ACLF患者的临床资料和生存信息。根据患者90 d生存情况分为存活组（n=67）和死亡组（n=47）,比较两组基线特征的差异。采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）比较COSSH ACLFⅡ评分和COSSH ACLF评分、慢性肝衰竭联盟（CLIF-C）ACLF评分、CLIF-C脏器衰竭（CLIF-C OF）评分、终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分、MELD联合血清钠（MELD-Na）评分和Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)评分预测患者90 d死亡的价值。分别按照COSSH ACLF分级（ACLF-1,n=83;ACLF-2,n=23;ACLF-3,n=8）和COSSH ACLFⅡ危险分层（<7.4,n...     

HBV 与 HEV 重叠感染致慢加急性肝衰竭临床特征分析

目的：研究乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）与戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）重叠感染致慢加急性肝衰竭（ACLF）的临床特征。方法回顾性分析 HBV与 HEV重叠感染致ACLF患者35例（重叠感染组）;并筛选同期单纯HBV感染致ACLF患者37例作为对照（单纯HBV感染组）。比较两组患者肝肾功能、HBV DNA水平、血小板计数（PBC）、凝血功能、终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分及预后情况。比较重叠感染组存活和死亡患者临床特点,二分类非条件Logistic回归分析与HBV及HEV重叠感染预后相关的因素。结果与单纯 HBV感染组比较,重叠感染组患者总胆红素（TBIL ）、M ELD评分、肝性脑病发生率和24周病死率明显升高,凝血酶原活动度（PTA）明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。与重叠感染组存活患者比较,重叠感染组死亡患者肌酐（Cr）、MELD评分和肝性脑病发生率明显升高,PTA明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。TBIL（P＝0．024,OR＝1．006）、血小板计数（P＝0．019,OR＝0．983）、PTA（P＝0．001,OR＝0．795）、MELD评分（P＝0．005,OR＝1．497）及并发症肝性脑病（P＝0．001, OR＝4．147）与预后相关。结论 HBV与HEV重叠感染致ACLF患者病情更加严重,预后更差。TBIL、MELD评分及肝性脑病发生率越高,血小板计数和PTA越低,患者预后越差。     

慢加急性肝衰竭患者生存情况影响因素分析

目的 探讨终末期肝病模型(model for end-stage liver disease,MELD)评分联合PLT对乙型肝炎引起的慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV related acute-on-chronic liver failure,HBV-ACLF)患者入院28 d预后的评估价值.方法 将2015-2017年首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院收治的102例HBV-ACLF患者分为28 d存活组和28 d内肝移植/死亡组,进行肝功能、血常规、凝血功能及乙型肝炎病毒载量检测,寻找与预后相关的指标并进行分析.结果 单因素分析显示,年龄、T-BIL、ALB、BUN、Cr、PT、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、INR、凝血酶原活动度(prothrombin time activity,PTA)、PLT、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、白蛋白-胆红素(albumin-bilirubin,ALBI)评分、MELD评分可影响慢加急性肝衰竭患者入院28 d预后,入院28 d内肝移植/死亡组患者年龄、T-BIL、BUN、Cr、PT、APTT、INR、NLR、ALBI评分、MELD评分较28 d存活组高,而ALB、PTA、PLT较28 d存活组低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素分析显示,MELD评分和PLT为影响ACLF患者入院28d预后的独立危险因素,二者联合评估ACLF患者28 d预后,ROC曲线下面积为0.871,敏感度为81.8％,特异度为80.4％.结论 MELD评分联合PLT对于评估HBV-ACLF患者28 d预后具有一定价值.     

慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病高危人群的分类树模型和简易风险评估

目的 基于分类树模型对乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病的影响因素和高危人群进行研究,建立评估慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病风险的分类树模型和简易风险评估表。方法 收集2010年1月—2018年6月在佛山市第一人民医院感染科、江门市中心医院感染科和南方医科大学顺德医院感染性疾病科住院治疗的乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者的临床资料,利用分类树模型探索肝性脑病的影响因素和高危人群。结果 多因素logistic回归分析提示年龄（回归系数=0.035,P=0.001,OR=1.036）、肝肾综合征（回归系数=1.295,P=0.023,OR=3.650）和Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD）评分（回归系数=0.750,P=0.003,OR=2.117）为慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病的独立影响因素。分类树模型提示慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病和MELD评分、年龄有关。通过MELD评分和年龄可建立评估慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病风险的简易风险评估表。结论 通过多因素logistic回归分析和分类树模型发现慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病和MELD评分、年龄关系密切,根据这2个指标建立的分类树模型和简单风险评估表可用于评估慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肝性脑病的风险。     

血清巨噬细胞炎症蛋白3α联合受体相互作用蛋白激酶3水平对乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后的预测效能

目的 探讨血清巨噬细胞炎症蛋白3α(MIP-3α)联合受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(RIPK3)对乙型肝炎病毒相关的慢加急性肝衰竭（HBV-ACLF）患者短期预后的预测效能。方法 选择2021年2月至2022年7月南京市第二医院收治的246例HBV-ACLF患者,检测血清MIP-3α、RIPK3水平,根据患者30 d内存活情况将其分为死亡组（73例）和存活组（173例）。比较两组临床资料,分析影响HBV-ACLF患者短期预后的因素及MIP-3α、RIPK3对HBV-ACLF患者预后的预测价值。结果 死亡组血清白蛋白水平低于存活组,国际标准化比值、终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分、并发脑病比例及血清总胆红素、MIP-3α、RIPK3水平高于存活组（P<0.05）。MELD评分（OR=3.347,95%CI:1.844～6.073）及血清MIP-3α(OR=2.079,95%CI:1.307～3.309)、RIPK3(OR=2.004,95%CI:1.312～3.060)是HBV-ACLF患者短期预后的影响因素（P<0.05）。MELD评分及血清MIP-3α、RIPK3联合预测HBV-...     

乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭的MELD评分变化及意义

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭（hepatitis B virus associated acute-on-chronic liver failure,HBV-ACLF）患者终末期肝病模型（model for end-stage liver disease,MELD）评分变化及其与预后的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月于杭州市西溪医院接受治疗的74例HBV-ACLF患者的临床资料,根据预后将患者分为存活组（n=41）和死亡组（n=33）。比较两组患者的MELD评分及甲胎蛋白（alpha fetoprotein,AFP）、胆碱酯酶（choline esterase,CHE）、乳酸（lactic acid,Lac）水平,采用Logistic回归分析探讨HBV-ACLF患者预后的影响因素,绘制受试者操作特征曲线（receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线）评估MELD评分、AFP、CHE、Lac对HBV-ACLF患者预后的价值。结果 存活组患者的MELD评分、Lac水平均显著低于死亡组,AFP、CHE水平均显著高...     

六种预测模型对人工肝治疗的慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后的评估价值

  目的  对接受人工肝治疗的慢加急性肝衰竭（ACLF）患者应用6种预测模型,比较它们对患者短期预后的评估价值。  方法  自四川大学华西医院建立的人工肝治疗临床数据库中筛选2018年1月–2019年12月期间接受人工肝治疗的ACLF患者258例,收集临床资料和90 d预后信息。运用Cox比例风险模型估计6种预测模型（COSSH ACLF评分、CLIF-C ACLF评分、CLIF-C OF评分、AARC ACLF评分、MELD评分和sMELD评分）与患者90 d病死（含死亡或接受肝移植）的关系。以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）、Harrell's C指数和Brier分数等评价模型预测效能。  结果  共纳入ACLF患者258例,年龄（46.2±11.7）岁,女性37例（14.3%）,肝硬化202例（78.3%）,随访90 d时病死107例（41.5%）,存活151例（58.5%）。病死患者的6种预测模型评分均高于存活患者（全部P<0.001）。6种预测模型均是人工肝治疗的ACLF患者90 d病死的独立危险因素（校正的风险比>1,P<0.001）。COSSH ACLF评分的AUC〔0.806,95%可信区间（CI）:0.753～0.853〕和Harrell's C指数（0.772,95%CI:0.727～0.816）均高于其余5种预测模型的AUC（5种AUC均<0.750,P<0.01）和Harrell's C指数（5种Harrell's C指数均<0.750,P≤0.001）。COSSH ACLF评分的Brier分数为0.18（95%CI:0.15～0.20）。基于COSSH ACLF评分风险分层的低危、中危和高危组患者的90 d病死率分别为22.2%、56.3%和90.2%。  结论   COSSH ACLF评分可更准确地预测人工肝治疗的ACLF患者的短期预后,有助于临床决策。     

终末期肝病模型对肝硬化相关肝性脑病患者短期预后的评估价值

肝性脑病（ HE ）是一种由于肝功能严重障碍或门-体分流异常引起的以代谢紊乱为基础的神经精神异常综合征。有研究显示，出现发作性肝性脑病后，患者的一年生存率仅为42％［1］。因此，及时、准确地评估患者病情及短期预后，对于患者治疗方案的选择意义重大。近年来，终末期肝病模型（ model for end stage liver disease ，MELD）被有效用于评价终末期肝病患者的病情严重程度及预后判断［2］，但该评分系统对肝性脑病患者预后评估的研究国内报道较少。本研究旨在探讨MELD评分系统对肝硬化相关肝性脑病患者病情及短期预后判断的价值。     

肝豆状核变性肝硬化失代偿期患者预后及影响因素分析

目的探讨肝豆状核变性（WD）肝硬化失代偿期患者的预后及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2012年10月至2015年12月住院的67例WD合并肝硬化失代偿期患者的临床资料,根据生存结局分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组一般资料、生化指标、并发症、Child-Turcotte-Pugh（CTP）分值、终末期肝病模型（MELD）分值。结果死亡组患者16例,存活组患者51例,死亡组患者白蛋白（ALB）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）、血清钠均较存活组患者低,BMI、TBil、PT、国际标准比值（INR）、血氨、透明质酸（HA）、铜蓝蛋白（CP）、CTP分值、MELD分值均较存活组患者高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;死亡组患者更容易出现中等量以上的腹水、肝性脑病（HE）（均P＜0.05）;CTP分级（A级、B级、C级）及MELD分值（＜5分和＞5分）对于3年内患者的预后预测具有统计学差异（均P＜0.01）;经Cox比例风险模型分析,TBil、CHE、肝性脑病是WD肝硬化失代偿期患者预后的相对独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论WD肝硬化失代偿期患者出现高水平TBil、低水平CHE及肝性脑病,提示预后较差,CTP系统及MELD模型均能用于评估患者的预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.