肿瘤专科医院低年资护士核心能力调查

目的：了解低年资护士核心能力总体情况及影响因素,为下一步培训提供参考依据。方法对中国医学科学院肿瘤医院已考取护士职业资格证书的95名低年资（护龄≤3年）护士进行中国注册护士核心能力量表问卷调查。结果肿瘤医院低年资护士核心能力总分为（173．05±27．21）分,维度总均分为（2．98±0．47）分,属于中等偏上水平;各维度条目均分显示,法律/伦理实践得分最高,为（3．25±0．52）分;教育/咨询得分最低,为（2．74±0．59）分;不同性别、工作年限、职称、学历、工作科室、聘任方式、是否独生子以及对工作满意度评价不同的低年资护士核心能力总均分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论低年资护士其核心能力水平还有提升空间,特别是在教育/咨询,评判性思维/科研等方面。     

不同年资护士压力源与应对方式的调查分析

目的调查不同年资护士的工作压力源和应对方式。方法采用工作压力源量表、简易应对方式量表对北京市3所三级甲等综合性医院109名临床护士进行问卷调查。结果①不同年资护上压力总分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但在护理专业及礼会地位、工作疑方面的得分高年资护士高于低年资护十，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；②不同年资护士主要工作压力源不同；③不同年资护上对爪力源所采用的应对方式得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论不同年资护士工作压力源不同，护理管理者要根据护士的不同年资采取有针对性的减压措施。     

虚拟仿真实验教学平台在急诊低年资护士临床技能培训中的应用价值

目的 探讨虚拟仿真实验教学平台在急诊低年资护士临床技能培训中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年3月—2020年2月32名急诊科低年资护士作为观察组;选取2014年3月—2017年2月34名急诊科低年资护士作为对照组。对照组采用常规急诊科培训方式,观察组在对照组基础上引入虚拟仿真实验教学平台。分别比较两组急诊低年资护士考核成绩（基础理论成绩、实践技能成绩）以及急救能力（学习主动性、临床思维、临床技能操作、急救意识、团队合作、沟通技巧）。结果 观察组急诊低年资护士基础理论和实践技能成绩均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组急诊低年资护士在“学习主动性、临床思维、临床技能操作、急救意识、团队合作、沟通技巧”方面的评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 将虚拟仿真实验教学平台引入急诊低年资护士的临床技能培训当中,有助于加深护士对基础理论知识的理解,提高护士的急诊实践操作水平,使护士的急救能力得到有效提升。     

急诊科护士工作压力水平及相关因素分析

目的探讨急诊科护士工作压力水平及其相关因素。方法采用《护士工作压力源量表》对急诊科的97名护士进行调查。结果担心工作中出现差错事故；经常倒班；工资及其他的福利待遇低；继续深造的机会太少；护士的工作未被患者及家属承认；护理工作的社会地位太低；患者不合作；护理的患者突然死亡；护士不被患者及家属尊重等压力为急诊科护士主要工作压力源。其中不同岗位、年龄、性别、护龄、学历的急诊科护士工作压力源差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论护理专业及护理工作方面的问题，患者护理方面的问题为急诊科护士的主要工作压力源。其中从事临床岗位的一线的护士、男护士、大专以上学历护士、5～10年护龄的护士工作压力程度较重。护理管理者要根据不同性别、不同岗位、不同学历、不同护龄的护士采取有针对性的减压措施。     

低年资护士自我效能与沟通能力的相关性研究

目的调查目前临床低年资护士的一般自我效能、护患沟通自信心及护患沟通能力的状况,分析自我效能与沟通能力的相关性。方法2009年11月我们采用问卷调查法,通过自我效能感量表、沟通技能自信心问卷和护患沟通能力测评表对我院工作年限≤2年的110名护士进行调查。结果低年资护士一般自我效能平均得分（25.96±4.36）分;护患沟通自信心方面,与患者讨论死亡话题的得分最低,为（5.59±2.08）分,与年龄相仿的患者沟通得分最好,为（8.70±1.43）分。低年资护士护患沟通能力方面,协调沟通网络能力得分率最高,为61.72%,沟通技巧能力得分率最低,为48.65%。低年资护士一般自我效能与护患沟通能力呈正相关（r=0.231,P〈0.05）;护患沟通自信心与护患沟通能力呈正相关（r=0.375,P〈0.01）。结论应加强对低年资护士护患沟通能力的培训,尤其应重视低年资护士自我效能及沟通自信心的培养。     

低年资护士职业压力与离职意愿相关性研究

目的：调查低年资护士的职业压力和离职意愿的相关性。方法：采用问卷调查法,以＂护士工作压力源量表＂和＂离职意愿量表＂对163名低年资护士进行调查。结果：低年资护士的压力感受由高到低依次为晋升及奖励、病人护理方面、工作量及时间、护理专业、管理及人际关系、工作环境及资源;压力感受与离职意愿间存在显著正相关（r=0.366）,结果有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：低年资护士的离职意愿总体处于较高水平,与职业压力呈正相关,护理管理者应采取相应的对策减少低年资护士的职业压力感,降低其离职意愿,稳定护理队伍。     

工作压力对低年资护士心理健康影响的研究

目的 研究工作压力和低年资护士心理健康的关系,探讨适当的处理对策。方法 采用护士工作压力表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对364例低年资护士进行问卷调查。结果 低年资注册护士的心理健康状况低于一般人群,其SCL-90的强迫、抑郁、焦虑、人际关系、偏执因子高于常模,有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;工作压力以急诊科和外科最大,内科次之。过高的工作压力有损心理健康。结论 低年资护士的心理健康状况低于一般人群,其严重程度和工作压力有关。     

项目管理理论在急诊科低年资护士急救能力培训中的应用

[目的]探索项目管理理论在急诊科低年资护士急救能力培训中的应用效果.[方法]选择2014年3月至2015年3月本市2家市级医院的急诊科低年资护士60名作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各30名.对照组采取传统的低年资护士培训法,观察组应用项目管理方法,首先对护士进行基础测评,再分析成因,设定培训目标,采取针对性措施,并对实施进度和效果进行全程监控,以保证项目如期保质的完成.比较两组护士的急救能力、临床护理能力及患者、医生的满意度.[结果]观察组急救能力、临床护理能力及患者、医生满意度都明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]项目管理应用于急诊科低年资护士急救能力培训中,能增强低年资护士急救能力,提高急诊科的整体工作能力.     

不同护龄护士工作压力与自测健康状况调查

目的 调查军队医院不同护龄护士工作压力与自测健康的状况.方法 采用方便抽样的方法,对某三甲军队医院护士197名进行护士工作压力源量表和自测健康评定量表问卷调查.结果 工作压力总分：〈10年护龄护士为（2.38±0.54）分,10～20年护龄护士为（2.49±0.40）分,〉20年护龄护士为（2.46±0.44）分.不同护龄的护士工作压力与生理、心理健康均呈负相关（P〈0.05）.结论 护理工作中的压力影响着护士群体的身心健康,工作压力越大,护士健康状态越差.医院管理人员应尽快建立护理人员支持系统,根据不同护龄护士采取减压措施,缓解工作压力,维护护士身心健康,提高医院护理服务质量.     

低年资护士面对危急重症抢救时的内心感受、应对方式及职业倦怠感研究

目的探讨低年资护士面对危急重症抢救时的内心感受、应对方式及职业倦怠感。方法 2015年1月至2017年12月应用自拟的护士内心感受调查问卷、应对方式量表及职业倦怠感量表对40名参与过危急重症抢救的低年资护士(护龄1年)及40例参与过危重重症抢救的高年资护士(护龄5年)进行调查分析,比较不同护龄护士面对危重症患者抢救时的内心感受、应对方式及职业倦怠感,并为低年资护士培训提供指导。结果低年资护士害怕、紧张、担心、压力感、迷茫感、危机感及消极应对等方面评分明显高于高年资护士(P0.05),而低年资护士积极应对方式评分低于高年资护士(P0.05)。低年资护士情绪衰竭、去人格化、个人成就感及总体倦怠感评分均高于高年资护士(P0.05)。结论低年资护士面对危急重症抢救时存在消极的内心感受,导致护士容易产生职业倦怠感,护理管理者对低年资护士进行培训时应重视低年资护士面对危急事件内心感受,合理引导低年资护士积极面对危急事件,使低年资护士能尽快适应岗位工作。     

Needs assessment survey for simulation‐based training for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses

The optimal performance of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy nurses is required for patient safety and quality improvement. The aim of the present study was to assess the educational needs for simulation‐based training for Korean GI endoscopy nurses using importance‐performance analysis. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 238 Korean nurses from 25 endoscopy units. The educational needs of these nurses were identified using the 35 item clinical competence importance–performance scale. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale identified the following eight factors: emergency care, patient monitoring, evidence‐based practice, documentation and referral, patient safety, nursing process, patient assessment, and infection control. A significant overall mean difference was identified between importance and performance for all eight factors, with emergency care showing the largest difference. It was also ranked the highest priority for continuing education in the importance–performance analysis matrix. Therefore, simulation‐based training should focus on enhancing emergency care competence for GI endoscopy nurses to improve patient safety and quality of care.     

职业获益感在急诊护士觉知压力与职业认同感间的中介效应分析

目的：探讨职业获益感在急诊科护士觉知压力与职业认同感间的中介作用,为提高急诊护士的职业认同感,增加工作的积极性提供理论依据。方法：采用便利抽样法选取郑州市4所三级甲等医院急诊科护士320名,运用一般资料调查表、觉知压力量表、职业获益感量表与职业认同感量表进行调查,采用SPSS21. 0与 AMOS22. 0 对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果：有效回收问卷314份,问卷有效回收率为98.1%。护士觉知压力得分为（38.89±11.17）分,职业获益感得分为（52.37±9.15）分,职业认同感得分为（104.80±9.13）分,觉知压力得分与职业获益感得分、职业认同感得分均呈负相关（P<0.001）,职业获益感得分与职业认同感得分呈正相关(P<0.001)。Bootstrap法进一步验证了职业获益感在觉知压力与职业认同感间有中介效应,且中介效应占总效应的31.2%（-0.243/-0.780）。结论：职业获益感是急诊科护士觉知压力和职业认同感之间的中介变量,觉知压力主要通过职业获益感间接作用于职业认同感,提高急诊护士的职业获益感,能够降低护士的觉知压力,进而提升急诊护士的职业认同感。     

手术室护士工作压力的现状调查

目的：了解手术室护士的工作压力,并探讨应对策略以缓解其压力,提高手术室的护理水平。方法：选择济南市三所三级甲等医院的210名手术室护士进行调查,使用一般资料调查问卷、手术室护士工作压力源量表以及应对方式量表进行调查统计分析。结果：210名手术室护士工作压力总分为（93.67±18.75）分,属于中度压力水平,排在前5位的压力源是工作量大、担心工作中出现差错事故、晋升机会少、护理工作的社会地位太低、工资及其他福利待遇低。仅有半数人能以成熟的方式应对压力。结论：手术室护士工作压力大,其自身与护理管理者都应当给予重视,减轻其压力,提高手术室护理工作质量。     

急诊外科护士职业压力源及应对措施

目的：了解急诊外科护士工作中的主要压力源,探讨减轻急诊外科护士压力的对策。方法：采用问卷调查法对150名急诊外科护士进行调查。结果：被调查护理人员中平均压力程度达到85.67%,其中被调查压力源中有三项压力源是本次调查中最常见的压力源,占总调查人员90%以上。结论：急诊外科护士压力较大,建议针对不同的压力源采取相应措施,以减轻压力,保证急诊外科护士的身心健康,提高护理质量。     

急诊手术室护士疲劳症状调查及干预措施分析

目的：研究急诊手术室护士的职业压力状况,寻求缓解或排除其压力的方法。方法：采用量表法来客观表达急诊手术室护士身心受压的情况。结果：经过适当干预,急诊手术室护士抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、护士职业压力源量表和护士疲劳综合征量表评分明显降低,有统计学差异。结论：护理管理中应充分重视应对手术室护士的职业压力,采取合理的干预措施,营造一个融洽、和谐的工作环境,促其身心健康发展。     

我院急诊科护士职业倦怠状况及相关因素分析

目的 调查急诊科护士职业倦怠的状况及相关影响因素.方法 采用职业倦怠量表和护士工作压力源量表对我院急诊科以及大内科、大外科系统的各21名护士的职业倦怠和工作压力状况进行调查比较.结果 急诊科护士情感枯竭、去人性化、个人成就感降低3个维度得分与大内科、大外科相比差异显著;急诊护士压力源主要来源于时间分配及工作量、工作环境及仪器设备、患者护理、管理及人际关系4个方面.结论 急诊科护理人员面对多种压力源,极易产生职业倦怠症,管理者应采取有效手段缓解护士的工作压力,维护其身心健康.     

Medical emergency teams: a strategy for improving patient care and nursing work environments

AIM: This paper reports a study of nurses' perceptions about medical emergency teams and their impact on patient care and the nursing work environment. BACKGROUND: In many acute care hospitals, nurses can summon emergency help by calling a medical emergency team, which is a team of expert critical care professionals adept at handling patient crisis scenarios. Critical care nurses form the core of such teams. In addition, of all the healthcare professionals, nurses are the ones who most often need and call for medical emergency team assistance. METHODS: A simple anonymous questionnaire distributed amongst 300 staff nurses at two sites of an acute care teaching hospital in the United States of America in mid-January of 2005. RESULTS: A total of 248 nurses responded to the survey (response rate = 82.7%). Ninety-three per cent of the nurses reported that medical emergency teams improved patient care and 84% felt that they improved the nursing work environment. Veteran nurses (with at least 10 years of experience) and new nurses (<1 year's experience) were more likely to perceive an improvement in patient care than other nurses (P = 0.025). Nurses who had called a medical emergency team on more than one occasion were more likely to value their ability to call a team (P = 0.002). Nearly sixty-five per cent of respondents said they would consider institutional medical emergency team response as a factor when seeking a new job in the future. Only 7% suggested a change in the team response process, and 4% suggested a change in activation criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Most nurses surveyed had a favourable opinion of the medical emergency team. Our findings suggest that other institutions should consider implementing a medical emergency team programme as a strategy to improve patient care and nurse working environment.     

Caring for adults with intellectual disabilities: perceived challenges for nurses in accident and emergency units

AIM: This paper reports a study exploring the experiences of nurses in accident and emergency units caring for people with intellectual disabilities. BACKGROUND: People with intellectual disabilities are increasingly in contact with healthcare professionals in accident and emergency units. Often this contact occurs within the accident and emergency service, an area in which staff care for a diverse range of people. The experiences of people with intellectual disabilities within acute general hospitals in the United Kingdom and internationally has largely been reported as quite negative. Conversely, little is known about the experiences of nurses working in acute general hospitals, nor the exact nature of any challenges they encounter, in providing care to people with intellectual disabilities. This lack of understanding weakens opportunities for nurses to reduce barriers to providing an equitable service for people with intellectual disabilities. METHOD: Five focus groups were conducted with 27 accident and emergency nurses from five hospitals in Northern Ireland in the spring of 2004. The data were then coded and recurring themes identified. FINDINGS: This paper focuses on two themes: lack of knowledge of the nature of intellectual disability and dependence on carers. Whilst these themes have been acknowledged in the existing literature, they have received limited attention and exploration. The experience of fear and vulnerability was considered by participants to be a consequence of their lack of knowledge. The experience of these emotions is viewed as a key factor in nurses' over-dependence on patients' informal carers. CONCLUSION: Increased awareness is needed among professionals in accident and emergency units of the abilities and needs of people with intellectual disabilities.     

急诊科护士工作压力和心理健康状况的调查研究

目的了解急诊科护士工作压力、心理健康状况以及二者相互关系,为实施有针对性的护理干预措施提供依据。方法对梅州市4所医院共88名急诊科护士进行问卷调查,并对结果进行分析。结果急诊科护士压力源主要表现在工作量、工作时间和护理专业方面。护士的压力与心理健康水平成一定的正相关性。结论急诊科护士压力源主要来自专业及工作方面、工作量及时间分配、工作环境及资源、病人护理、管理及人际关系;SCL-90得分低于全国常模;压力源可对护士心理健康产生相应的影响。     

ENA's Delphi study on national research priorities for emergency nurses in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: This study identified and prioritized research questions with greatest value to emergency nurses and of highest importance for health care consumers. METHODS: Three hundred twenty emergency nursing leaders were invited to participate in 3 rounds of mailed surveys aimed at developing consensus. During round I, 147 nurses submitted 456 research problems. These problems were synthesized into 154 researchable questions, encompassing 17 themes. The round II questionnaire listed these questions in random order. Respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to rate each question's value for practicing nurses and importance for health care consumers. One hundred one nurses rated 106 questions >5.0. The round III questionnaire was individualized to provide each respondent's round II score and each item's median group score. Reflecting on these data, subjects again rated the 106 questions. RESULTS: Seventy-nine nurses rated 16 questions 6.0 or greater for value for practicing nurses; 3 questions were rated 6.0 or greater for importance to consumers. Optimum staff to patient ratios, effects of mandatory overtime, holding admitted patients, and ED overcrowding, as well as effective strategies for educating and ensuring competence of nurses, were highest priority research problems for practicing nurses. Pain relief, impact of and methods of decreasing holding/lengthy ED stay, and effective strategies for patient teaching were judged most important for consumers. DISCUSSION: Nurses' concerns with staff shortages and overcrowding of emergency departments and their effects on patients are paramount. Pain management and patient education were chief clinical issues requiring research.The mission of ENA is "to provide visionary leadership for emergency nursing and emergency care." This mission encompasses a number of values, including the following: "The discipline of emergency nursing includes a defined and evolving body of knowledge based on research."(1) In 1998, the ENA appointed vision councils to develop futuristic ideas to advance ENA's mission. The Research Vision Council proposed that ENA develop a center for emergency nursing research to provide leadership and focus for scientific approaches to the many issues that concern emergency nurses and their patients. The Board of Directors supported this idea by formulating a work group to develop the National Institute for Emergency Nursing Research. In 1999, the work group proposed that a study be conducted to determine national priorities for emergency nursing research. This article reports on the methods and results of a Delphi study conducted for that purpose.