Transcultural nursing and a care management partnership project

Transcultural nursing and a care management partnership project
This paper aims to illustrate how Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality has influenced the research process of a study that emerged from a care management partnership between Canadian nursing teachers and Tunisian nurses. The purpose of the study was to investigate the meanings of care as viewed by university hospital-based Tunisian nurses. The qualitative analysis of data gathered through observation-participation and interviews highlights recurrent patterns and reveals three major professional care themes. For Tunisian nurses care means to secure the patient's cooperation towards the medical regimen within established rules in die hospital; to contribute to curing the patient by using current technology as well as by maintaining their technical skills and improving their medical knowledge; to take charge of the patient to assist the physician in treating disease. This study showed that Tunisian nurses emphasize curing rather than widely shared community values such as interdependence, intercommunication, understanding, presence and responsibility for odiers. Discussion of die study's findings draws upon the perspective provided by Freire's Oppressed Group Theory. In order to promote cultural congruence within the Care Management Partnership Project in Tunisia, the tfiree predicted modes of care within Leininger's theory guide die decisions and actions for future nursing research and partnership activities.     

Transcultural Nursing: Current Trends in Theoretical Works

Purpose

To explore the current trends in theoretical works related to transcultural nursing through an integrated literature review.

Transcultural nursing: the relationship between individualist ideology and individualized mental health care

This article attempts to clarify and underpin the view that individualized mental health nursing is culture biased and politically instrumental, adding weight to the transcultural argument that mental health care should be more culture sensitive than is often the case within conventional UK settings. It examines the political history of individualist ideology, and then uses social conflict theory to explore the potentially counter-therapeutic relationship of individualism and individualized nursing care in the UK mental health sector. The article challenges the widespread idea that individualized mental health nursing is 'liberal', 'democratic', 'holistic' and 'scientific', and in so doing extends the transcultural agenda to large scale infracultural differences within the UK population. It also explores the potential for policy change towards a more pluralistic service, and outlines some of the practical steps which may be taken to access alternative care approaches. It is a power analysis, which may be of transferable value to nurses in mental health care inpatient units where conventional individualized approaches are failing to reintegrate service users into the community. A glossary of terms is presented at the end of this article.     

Using Orem's Theory in Transcultural Settings: A Critique

An overview of the theory describes its component parts and concepts as well as the premises and assumptions upon which the theory is based. The authors explore the compatibility and usefulness of Orem's theory with non-Western or minority Western non-Anglo values and belief systems. A literature review of studies and experiences using Orem's theory in a variety of cultures is presented and discussed. The authors conclude that Orem's theory must be supplemented or replaced by one less culturebound for use with cultures differing from the dominant Western Culture.     

The roles of Australian chairs in clinical nursing

Australian chairs in clinical nursing have been established in order to achieve more effective partnerships between academia and the health care sector in education, research and quality of nursing care. The aim of this study was to describe the goals, obstacles, supports and outcomes of such appointments. The study explored the perceptions of a purposive sample of Australian professors holding clinical chairs, stratified to ensure representation of both the geographical and clinical specialty diversity of the population. Eight professors were interviewed using semi-structured telephone interviews. The interviews covered three phases: role establishment, current foci and future developments. Qualitative analysis for common themes and areas of divergence was conducted with concurrent analysis providing the opportunity to seek confirmation for emerging themes. The participants highlighted the diversity of arrangements between university and health sector partners in establishing their respective roles. Clear communication was crucial to successful partnership arrangements. All roles included components of education, research and politics but the relative contribution of each of these areas depended to a large extent on the priorities of the employing partners. The participants felt the need to secure sustainable income sources and consolidate outcomes to ensure the continued viability of their positions. Clinical professorial nursing appointments provide one means of addressing perceived gaps in the links between the university and health care sectors, academia and clinicians, thus enhancing nursing education, research and politics. Through emphasizing common purpose and mutual respect, these positions can illuminate the crucial role nursing plays in Australian health care delivery.     

Quality and substance of educational strategies for mental health in undergraduate nursing curricula

In Australia, there is a workforce shortage of nurses in the mental health sector, and it is essential that universities play a part in the recruitment of nurses to work in this area. In this article, we present a literature review of educational strategies for mental health in undergraduate nursing curricula and how these align with the recommendations of the Mental Health Nurse Education Task Force. We reviewed quantitative and qualitative research from 2005 to 2012. Twelve studies from Australia and elsewhere of different types of educational courses and strategies were included for this review. The key topics identified were in relation to a general overview of programmes outlining the content and outcomes, clinical placement strategies, involvement of consumers and mental health nurses in curriculum delivery and oversight, e‐learning strategies, and implementation of mental health majors. Finally, limitations with considering the literature as a whole were highlighted, and recommendations made for future changes and research.     

A model to evaluate data science in nursing doctoral curricula

Background

Building on the efforts of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, we developed a model to infuse data science constructs into doctor of philosophy (PhD) curriculum. Using this model, developing nurse scientists can learn data science and be at the forefront of data driven healthcare.

跨文化照护能力培训基地准入评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建跨文化照护能力培训基地准入评价的指标体系。方法 在“日升模式”的理论基础上,结合文献研究法和专家访谈法,并选取来自上海市的15名专家进行2轮德尔菲专家咨询,以确立跨文化照护能力培训基地准入评价的指标体系。结果 2轮德尔菲专家咨询的积极系数分别为94%和100%,专家权威程度系数为0.910,协调系数分别为0.573和0.461。经过2轮德尔菲初步构建了一套由7个一级指标、29个二级指标、50个三级指标的跨文化照护能力培训基地准入评价的指标体系。结论 构建的跨文化照护能力培训基地准入评价指标体系可信度高,可用于跨文化护理培训基地的遴选和认证。     

Ambivalent sexism of nursing students in Turkey and South Korea: A cross‐cultural comparison study

Culture has become increasingly important concepts in nursing in the era of globalization. Nurses' cultural biases and prejudices are huge obstacles to their caring for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, this study examined sexism among nursing students from two patriarchal societies: Turkey influenced by Islam, and South Korea influenced by Confucianism. For this comparative study, we used the survey data from the sample of 560 nursing students, 309 from Turkey and 251 from South Korea. The findings showed that both samples showed high levels of sexism, both hostile and benevolent. When comparing the two samples, Turkish nursing students showed significantly higher sexism than did Korean students. Additionally, in both countries, male participants showed higher scores on sexism, especially hostile sexism. In terms of age, older students in Turkey showed lower levels of benevolent sexism. We hope the findings of this study can provide evidence to develop customized transcultural nursing education content in the context of different ethnicities and to help nurses and nursing students from specific cultural backgrounds in becoming aware of their own cultures.     

Rediscovering nursing: a study of overseas nurses working in Western Australia

The shortage of nurses worldwide has taken its toll on the Australian healthcare system and, as a result, there is an increased migration of overseas-qualified nurses, some of them with a non-English-speaking background. Despite Australia's regulations that assess the eligibility for nursing registration, many migrant nurses who have been successful in gaining their nursing license feel only partially prepared to work. This article presents the findings of a study, based on Husserlian phenomenology, that describes the work experience of 13 female nurses who were working in Western Australia, Australia. The participants, who could recognize the core components of nursing, were taken aback by the way that nursing is practised in Western Australia. The major differences that they encountered were related to clinical skills, holistic care, the work dynamic with doctors and patients, and the overall societal status of the nursing profession. As a result, they had to adjust their practice to conform to the new work environment. In this study, the participants elaborated on some positive and some not-so-positive aspects of their experiences in their endeavor to integrate into the Western Australian metropolitan hospital setting.     

Advanced nursing practice: the case of nurse practitioners in three Australian states

This paper provides insight into the work of nurse practitioners in three Australian states. Using a case study approach, the aim of the study is to give an account of some of the types of cases/patients who consult with the nurse practitioners in the states visited and to offer insight into one of the policy changes required to support the introduction of the nurse practitioner role. A snowball sampling technique was used to obtain the sample population of both 10 nurse practitioners and other health care personnel. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the 39 respondents in both samples. The analysis of the 10 nurse practitioner interviews reported here shows that these nurses undertook a wide range of roles. The results of the semi-structured interviews with the nurse practitioners are described using four of the 10 interviews and reporting them as case studies. The results highlighted the need to address legislation issues and to prepare nurses adequately for their clinical setting and address the difficulties of continuing education of rural nurses.     

澳大利亚老年护理教育的现状与启示

笔者在澳大利亚3年的学习工作期间,对澳大利亚老年护理教育的现状及澳大利亚老年护理人员继续教育体系有了深入的认识。澳大利亚先进的分级化老年护理教育体系以及完善的老年护理人员继续教育体系值得我们借鉴与学习,从而推动我国老年护理教育的发展。     

Australian nursing curricula and mental health recruitment

Debate about nursing curricula has been on the forefront of industry and academia in Australia particularly since the shift from the 'apprenticeship style' of training for nurses to a university-based, comprehensive, bachelor's degree. There is the suggestion that university-based courses are rather inflexible and take for granted that the provision of mental health nursing across what is an essentially general course will ultimately attract the numbers of quality staff members required to fill speciality positions in mental health. Recent literature advocates for a direct entry undergraduate mental health programme in Australia, similar to that in the UK. This is suggested as one of many strategies to address the growing disparity between the demand and the supply for effective mental health treatment and care. The support of preceptor staff in the clinical field in terms of workloads, supervision and professional development are also identified as areas for attention. Another strategy that this paper addresses is the increased support of student preceptors in the areas of workload, supervision and professional development, whereas they forge organizational links between the tertiary sector and industry to facilitate enhanced communication channels between the theoretical curriculum (the theory) and the clinical sites (the practice). Additionally, increasing the mental health content in current curricula to a level that reflects hospital-based and community mental health needs is also required.     

Personal contemporary observations of nursing care in Saudi Arabia

Observations were made of the Saudi Arabian health-care delivery system, in regards to nursing care and the relationship between service provider and client. Current challenges facing the health-care system were also examined to determine how they affect nursing practice.