中国人采用胫骨结节及胫前肌腱定位的髓外截骨法术后胫骨假体冠状位力线的测量与分析

目的：探讨在全膝关节置换术中,采用胫骨结节中内1/3及胫前肌腱定位、髓外系统进行截骨、术后胫骨假体在冠状位上的力线情况,并分析产生不良力线的原因。方法：回顾性分析2014年6月至12月间接受初次全膝关节置换术的188例患者的临床资料,共完成212个膝关节手术,均由同一手术工作组实施。胫骨侧截骨采用髓外定位方法,参考标志近端为胫骨结节中内1/3,远端为胫前肌腱。术前、术后2周在下肢全长片上测量下肢器械轴夹角和胫骨假体冠状位力线。结果：定义良好冠状位力线为胫骨假体平台连线中垂线同下肢机械轴夹角在±3°范围内,结果显示191个（90.1%）胫骨假体的力线良好。术后外翻截骨5个,内翻截骨16个。术前存在内翻畸形的196个膝关节中,术后17个（8.7%）存在假体不良力线;术前16个外翻膝中,4个术后有不良力线（25.0%）;卡方检验经校正后（χ2=2.778,P=0.096）无统计学相关性。术前内/外翻畸形大于20°的膝关节有22个,术前下肢机械轴和术后胫骨假体力线绝对值的中位数（最小值,最大值）分别为21.95°（20.00°,26.90°）和1.85°(0.10°, 7.10°),190个畸形小于20°膝关节术前下肢机械轴和术后胫骨假体力线绝对值的中位数（最小值,最大值）分别为10.65°（0.50°,19.80°）和1.10°（0.00°,4.60°）, 结果经秩和检验显示术前重度畸形同术后胫骨假体不良力线存在相关性（Z=2.11,P=0.035）。结论：在全膝关节置换术中,采用胫骨结节中内1/3和胫长肌肌腱为近/远端解剖标志,依靠髓外定位系统进行截骨,临床可行性高,多可取得满意的结果;本方法可能产生内翻截骨,且在重度畸形的患者中更易出现力线不良。     

导航监测下股骨旋转角度及胫骨截骨后内翻角度对下肢动态力线的影响

目的 在计算机导航系统监测下模拟全膝关节置换术,观察不同股骨假体旋转角度及胫骨内翻角度对下肢动态力线的影响。方法 应用计算机导航技术于假骨上模拟人工全膝关节置换术,分别设定在股骨侧假体外旋不足及股骨侧假体过度外旋的情况下,设定胫骨截骨后内翻为0°、3°、5°不同角度时,活动膝关节记录膝关节0°、30°、60°、90°时下肢力线角度并进行分析,得到其变化的趋势和规律。结果 在股骨假体外旋不足的情况下,随着胫骨截骨后内翻角度的逐渐增大,下肢机械轴线内翻角度随之减少(P＜0.05或＜0.01);在股骨假体外旋不足的情况下,相同的胫骨截骨后内翻角度,在0～90°区间内下肢机械轴线内翻角度逐渐减少(P＜0.05);在股骨假体过度外旋情况下,随着胫骨截骨后内翻角度的逐渐增大,下肢机械轴线内翻角度随之增大(P＜0.05或＜0.01);在股骨假体过度外旋情况下,相同的胫骨截骨后内翻角度,在0～90°区间内下肢机械轴线内翻角度逐渐增大(P＜0.05)。结论 股骨假体旋转角度及胫骨内翻角度是影响下肢力线的重要因素。     

股骨-胫骨通配型全膝关节假体治疗重度内翻膝

目的：探讨应用股骨-胫骨通配型全膝关节假体治疗合并胫骨平台骨缺损的重度内翻全膝的近期疗效。方法：对我院2012年1月至2013年5月40例（43膝）重度骨关节炎应用股骨-胫骨通配型全膝关节行全膝关节置换术,其中6例为合并内侧胫骨平台骨质缺损重度内翻畸形。术前检查膝关节活动度,用X线测量股胫角（femorotibial angle,FTA）测量KSS评分。手术采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨,胫骨平台骨质缺损病例采用适当增加胫骨平台截骨量、骨水泥填充及自体骨植骨并配合使用胫骨侧延长杆以增加膝关节假体的稳定性,所选假体为北京爱康宜诚公司生产的股骨-胫骨通配型全膝关节假体。术后测量FTA角,随访6个月至1年,定期测量膝关节活动度并采用KSS评分评定治疗效果。结果：患者手术均顺利完成。36例获得随访,其中包括合并胫骨平台骨质缺损5例。术后无切口感染、关节脱位等并发症。术后6个月按KSS评分法评定：优30例,良5例,中1例,优良率97℅,6例合并胫骨平台骨缺损病例均为优良。结论：应用股骨-胫骨通配型全膝关节假体治疗重度内翻膝疗效满意,尤其在治疗合并胫骨平台骨缺损病例时能有效解决股骨胫骨假体大小不匹配的问题,减少关节假体磨损率。     

内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨性关节炎的影像学观察

目的 观察内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨性关节炎对膝关节结构的改变以及对下肢内翻畸形的矫正效果.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2019年2月于我院诊断为膝内侧间室骨性关节炎并行内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术的36例(36膝)患者影像资料.比较患者术前、术后股胫角(FTA)、胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA)、胫骨近端后倾...     

CT在膝关节Oxford单髁置换术后假体位置评价中的应用

目的对Oxford单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎(OA)的患者进行术后CT评价,阐明应用CT技术测量假体位置的可行性和优越性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年8月28例(32膝)膝关节内侧骨性关节炎患者采用oxford phase 3单髁假体系统,进行内侧单髁置换相关资料,平均年龄67岁(62～73),平均随访时间3.8个月(1～12)。术后常规行双下肢CT平扫+冠状位+矢状位重建,对术后患者假体位置进行测量,并通过图像叠加技术,测量股骨假体和胫骨假体的角度。结果下肢机械轴平均内翻2.61°,股骨假体内外翻角平均内翻1.33°,股骨假体屈伸角平均屈曲2.12°,胫骨假体内外翻角平均内翻3.01°,胫骨假体后倾角平均后倾6.12°,股骨假体屈伸角和胫骨假体内外翻角变异率大,最易出现偏差,股骨假体旋转角相对于股骨上髁线平均外旋2.01°,胫骨假体旋转角相对于胫骨结节轴平均内旋12.6°,相对于股骨上髁线平均外旋5.02°。结论 CT与传统方法 X线测量假体安放角度所报道的结果相符,其中股骨假体屈伸角和胫骨假体内外翻角变异率大。应用CT扫描图像,可以测量假体的旋转角具有优越性。目前虽不确定假体旋转角度的意义,但有可能与单髁膝关节置换术后并发症有关。     

Slot 双下肢全长摄影在全膝关节置换术中的应用价值

目的 探讨动态平板透视的狭缝全景摄影技术（Slot）双下肢全长摄影在膝关节置换术的临床应 用价值。方法 回顾性分析2013 年11 月-2017 年3 月89 例膝关节置换患者,共99 个膝关节进行全膝关节置 换术,每位患者在手术前后分别使用动态平板透视摄影系统的狭缝全景技术进行负重位的双下肢全长摄影, 采用0 ～ 2 分的评分方式对图像质量进行评估,0 分图像质量差,1 分图像质量中等,2 分者为图像质量优良, 并在图像质量优良的图片上通过后处理软件对患者的手术膝进行术前和术后下肢力线及胫股角进行测量,对 术前进行全面评估,同时通过对比分析评价手术效果。结果 ① 89 例患者Slot 双下肢全长摄像一次成功率 100%,成像时间短,操作简便、快捷,每位患者图像质量评分均为2 分,质量优良,完全满足诊断及临床的要求; ② 89 例患者术前均得到全面准确的评估,80 例为骨性关节炎,9 例为创伤性骨关节炎,其中,合并膝内翻畸 形17 例,膝外翻畸形患者8 例,无合并内外翻畸形者64 例;③术后所有患者假体对位、对线良好,假体周围 无骨折,所有患者下肢力线和胫股角均为正常范围,17 例膝关节内翻畸形患者,胫股角手术前后比较差异有 统计学意义（t =-6.590,P =0.000）;8 例膝外翻畸形患者,胫股角手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（t =5.597, P =0.001）,膝内外翻畸形较术前均得到良好的校正;无合并内外翻畸形64 例患者术后下肢力线与重力垂线 夹角和胫股角与手术前后比较,差异无统计学意义（t 前者=0.725,P =0.487,t 后者=-2.090,P =0.070）。结论 使 用狭缝全景摄影技术对双下肢全长进行成像,其成功率高、检查时间短、辐射剂量低,且图像拼接操作简便, 质量优良,满足临床诊断需求,对临床术前手术方案制定及术后评估具有重要应用价值。     

初次全膝关节置换术中自体骨修复胫骨平台骨缺损的近期疗效

目的 观察初次全膝关节置换术中利用自体骨植骨的方式修复胫骨平台骨缺损的近期疗效.方法 选择重庆市南川区人民医院2010年1月～2013年1月有胫骨平台骨缺损的膝关节行初次全膝关节置换术患者10例（12膝）.观察术后患者疼痛、关节活动范围、畸形矫正程度及关节功能改善情况,并对患者手术并发症进行统计分析.结果 10例患者术中胫骨平台骨缺损有效修复,承载假体可靠;术后载线片显示胫骨假体下方无骨质缺损表现,假体位置良好.术前HSS评分平均为（19.0±4.0）分,术后HSS评分平均为（87.6±12.5）分,差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）.术前HSS疼痛评分为（14.8±3.6）分,术后为（25.4±4.2）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.术前膝关节平均活动范围为（61.0±14.7）°,术后平均为（107.3±11.8）°,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.术前平均胫股角（FTA）为（182.1±10.7）°,术后平均FTA为（176.4±9.1）°,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.术后未见严重并发症.结论 使用自体骨植骨修复全膝关节置换术中胫骨平台骨缺损,可合理利用截骨获得的自体骨,达到缺损部位的理想修复,既最大限度地保留了胫骨平台的骨量,又重建了胫骨假体的均衡力学支撑.     

胫骨高位截骨联合关节镜下清理术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎疗效观察

目的探讨胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)联合关节镜下清理术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法选择2015年5月至2017年11月鹤壁市人民医院收治的膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎患者18例(共18膝),所有患者施行HTO、关节镜下清理、Tomofix锁定钢板内固定术,记录患者手术时间、截骨厚度及截骨愈合时间,分别于术前及术后1 a进行膝关节X线片检查,测量股胫角、下肢机械轴通过胫骨平台的相对位置、髁间窝指数及胫骨平台后倾角,测量伸膝受限角度,并进行膝关节Lysholm评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,评估治疗效果。结果 18例患者的手术时间为1.4~2.2(1.68±0.34)h,截骨厚度为14~19(15.49±2.72)mm,截骨愈合时间为3~8(3.42±0.41)个月。术前患者股胫角、下肢机械轴经胫骨平台的相对位置、髁间窝指数及胫骨平台后倾角分别为(182.17±1.23)°、(17.38±5.05)%、0.220±0.006、(7.79±2.05)°,术后1 a时分别为(169.72±1.42)°、(59.08±3.23)%、0.274±0.008、(7.84±1.87)°;术后1 a患者股胫角显著小于术前,机械轴经胫骨平台的相对位置和髁间窝指数显著大于术前(P<0.05);但术前与术后1 a时胫骨平台后倾角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前患者膝关节屈曲畸形角度、Lysholm评分及疼痛VAS评分分别为(11.12±3.08)°、50.68±6.46、6.51±1.26,术后1 a时分别为(1.38±1.35)°、75.69±7.38、2.49±0.94;术后1 a患者膝关节屈曲畸形角度和疼痛VAS评分显著低于术前,Lysholm评分显著高于术前(P<0.05)。18例患者术中和术后均未发生严重并发症。结论 HTO联合关节镜下清理术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎可显著矫正膝关节畸形,改善膝关节功能,减轻膝关节疼痛,疗效肯定。     

全膝关节置换治疗膝屈曲内翻畸形的软组织平衡

目的 探讨全膝关节置换治疗膝关节屈曲内翻畸形的软组织平衡技术及效果.方法 回顾性分析2006年6月～2010年6月20例22膝骨性关节炎和3例4膝类风湿性关节炎合并屈曲内翻畸形行全膝关节置换手术病例的资料,对术前畸形、术中的软组织平衡和术后功能恢复问题进行讨论.男7例8膝,女16例18膝;年龄55～83岁,平均67.8岁.术前膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形7°～50°,平均(13.6±2.2)°;以正常股胫角外翻6°为标准,术前膝内翻角度为8°～23°,平均(12.5±1.9)°.术前膝关节HSS(hospital of special surgery,HSS)评分为30～66分,平均(39.0±2.8)分.结果 术中23膝关节完全伸直,3膝残留5°屈曲挛缩;术中并发内侧副韧带损伤2例,髌韧带部分撕裂1例.术后23膝股胫角外翻角度3.5°～7.4°,3例残留股胫角内翻角2°～5°,术后平均膝内翻角度(1.7±0.8)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后并发下肢深静脉血栓2例,1例切口脂肪液化,均无切口感染及深部感染发生.术后随访6～29个月,平均18个月,23膝关节完全伸直,3膝残留5°～10°屈曲挛缩,术后平均膝屈曲(0.9±0.4)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后末次随访膝关节HSS评分为73～92分,平均(85.0±2.6)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 软组织平衡是全膝关节置换治疗膝关节屈曲内翻畸形的重要步骤和手段,合理良好的软组织平衡技术是膝关节功能得以恢复和畸形得以矫正的重要保障.     

Laptop Stryker手术导航仪辅助下人工全膝关节置换术在市级医院的应用

目的：探讨Laptop Stryker 手术导航仪辅助下人工全膝关节置换手术的临床效果。方法：9例入组患者男4例5膝,女5例5膝,采用计算机导航下经股内侧肌入路人工全膝关节置换术。观察切口大小、术后引流量、手术时间、VAS评分,影像学观察恢复情况。结果：9例患者10膝切口长度（10.7±2.1） cm,手术时间（100.4±10.3）min（不含预注册时间）,24 h 引流量(200.7±101.9) ml, VAS 评分5.2分。结论：计算机导航辅助下微创人工全膝关节置换具有切口小、不干扰股骨髓腔、出血少、下肢功能恢复快等优点,同时能够恢复下肢的机械轴线,假体位置安装正确,使操作具有高的准确性和可重复性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.