肾损伤的诊断与治疗(附99例报告)

目的 探讨总结99例肾损伤的诊断及治疗方法.方法 本组均行B超、静脉肾盂造影(IVP)、CT和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,阳性率分别为92.7%,69.6%,92.9%和78.6%;非手术治愈73例;手术治愈26例,其中肾切除13例,肾修补术5例,肾静脉修补术2例,肾部分切除2例,肾动脉栓塞术4例.结果 死亡1例(1%),98例痊愈出院(98.9%).结论 CT检查准确率高,可判断肾损伤程度.B超检查无创无害、简便快速等优点,可以作为肾损伤的首选检查方法.DSA检查适宜诊断肾蒂伤,及进行肾动脉栓塞治疗.超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾挫伤安全有效,对严重肾损伤和开放性肾损伤应及时手术探查.     

闭合性肾损伤的诊治(142例分析)

目的 探讨闭合性肾损伤的诊断及治疗.方法 回顾分析了7003年1月至2008年2月共收治闭合性肾损伤患者142例.结果 闭合性肾损伤患者治愈136例,其中保守治疗124例,肾修补2例,肾切除8例,选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗2例.死亡6例.结论 CT可准确进行伤情评估,对治疗方案有指导作用.严格掌握保守治疗和手术指征,预防并发症的发生.     

闭合性肾损伤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结闭合性肾损伤的诊治体会，提高闭合性肾损伤的诊治水平，减少肾切除率。方法 189例闭合性肾损伤患者，男146例，女43例。平均年龄38岁。综合应用尿常规、B超、IVU、CT等检查，诊断闭合性肾损伤，其中合并腹腔内脏器损伤27例，合并颅脑外伤5例，合并四肢脊柱骨折13例，3例为腹腔、颅脑与腹腔、脊柱复合伤伴休克。行保守治疗156例，其中有脾破裂3例，颅脑外伤2例，四肢脊柱骨折7例；行手术治疗27例，其中行肾修补术15例，肾部分切除术5例，肾切除7例；3例行肾动脉栓塞治疗。结果3例重度闭合性肾损伤因复合伤、顽固性休克者入院不久死亡，186例痊愈出院。102例随访3个月～8年，保守治疗病例中发生肾性高血压3例，肾周尿囊肿1例，肾萎缩1例，局限性肾积水1例，手术治疗与肾动脉栓塞治疗者均无并发症。结论 CT检查是闭合性肾损伤准确诊断与选择治疗方案的重要依据，Ⅲ级以上闭合性肾损伤伤后2～4周复查CT有利于肾周尿囊肿的早期发现与治疗，Ⅳ级以下闭合性肾损伤尽可能采用非手术治疗。     

闭合性肾外伤合并腹腔内脏器损伤的急诊救治(附36例报告)

目的探讨闭合性肾外伤合并腹腔内脏器损伤的急诊处理措施。方法对本院最近10年收治的36例闭合性肾外伤合并腹腔内脏器损伤的救治资料进行回顾性分析。结果保守治疗3例均痊愈。施行急诊剖腹探查手术33例,其中8例同期切开后腹膜探查患肾,包括肾切除6例,肾部分切除1例,肾修补1例;25例未同期切开后腹膜探查患肾,均无因肾损伤二期手术者。手术组治愈30例,死亡3例。结论闭合性肾外伤合并腹腔内脏器损伤以剖腹探查手术治疗为主,术前CT检查可以准确进行肾外伤的分级,结合术中病情变化决定是否同期探查肾损伤。     

中重度肾损伤的诊治体会

目的 探讨中重度肾损伤的诊断和治疗。方法 回顾分析1980年至2000年116例肾损伤中的21例中重度肾损伤的病例资料。结果 21例中重度肾损伤者,根据B超、CT及手术探查结果,肾裂伤14例,肾碎裂伤6例、肾蒂伤1例。保守治疗11例(延迟手术2例),手术探查8例(肾切除4例,切肾率19.04％)。死亡2例,死亡率9.52％。结论 B超和CT是诊断肾损伤和判断肾损伤程度的重要依据。大多数的中度肾损伤可保守治疗,但应严密观察,肾碎裂伤及肾蒂伤者应紧急手术探查,手术中应尽早控制肾蒂。     

57例肾损伤诊断和治疗

目的：总结我科3年来收治的肾损伤的诊断和治疗。方法：对57例肾损伤患者行B超及CT检查确诊后,进行分级、分类,根据不同病情采取保守治疗和手术治疗。结果：56例患者均痊愈出院,1例因休克抢救无效死亡。46例保守治疗,11例手术治疗。结论：CT扫描是肾损伤的最好检查方法,可对此类患者进行分级分类,及时制定有效合理的治疗方案,是处理肾损伤的关键。     

重度肾挫裂伤合并其他脏器伤的诊断治疗

目的探讨重度肾挫裂伤合并腹腔内其他脏器损伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法对本院收治的重度肾挫裂伤患者58例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均经B超、CT、静脉尿路造影检查,其中闭合性肾损伤46例,开放性肾损伤12例,Ⅲ级肾损伤14例,Ⅳ级肾损伤32例,Ⅴ级12例。所有患者均合并其他脏器损伤,其中肝脏损伤12例,脾脏损伤18例,胃破裂3例,肺挫伤10例,颅骨损伤8例,骨盆骨折8例,脊柱骨折8例,小肠破裂1例,膈肌裂伤1例。Ⅲ级11例采取保守治疗,3例手术探查,行肾修补术,Ⅳ～Ⅴ级中3例保守治疗,16例肾修补术,17例肾修补术＋肾部分切除术,5例肾切除术,其中2例肾切除术后完成脾切除,合并骨折病例由骨科医生处理,颅骨损伤由脑外科和内科处理。结果 58例患者经B超、CT、静脉尿路造影和检查诊断阳性率为91.4%、96.6%、70.7%,诊断阳性率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;57例患者经治疗均痊愈出院,1例死亡。结论肾挫裂伤是泌尿外科常见损伤,B超诊断具有快速、简单、无损伤、阳性率高等特点,是肾损伤的首选检查方法,正确评估肾损伤程度选择合理的治疗方案、合理保肾是治疗重度肾挫伤合并其他脏器损伤的关键。     

螺旋CT对闭合性肾损伤的诊断价值

目的通过探讨螺旋CT在肾损伤定位诊断与临床分级关系,明确治疗准绳。方法对61例闭合性肾损伤患者,采用螺旋CT检查,同时结合临床治疗回顾性分析,比较CT与B超对临床分级诊断的符合率。结果肾肿大13例,肾包膜下血肿14例,肾挫裂伤21例,肾撕裂伤和尿外渗9例,肾粉碎伤3例,肾蒂伤1例。CT分期,I期11例;Ⅱ期13例;Ⅲ期25例;Ⅳ期8例;V期4例。手术探查15例,其中肾切除4例。CT与B超对临床分级诊断参数比较存在明显差异性p<0.01。结论螺旋CT增强延时及三维重建技术能准确对Ⅳ、Ⅴ级肾损伤诊断,正确指导临床减少Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级肾损伤不必要探查,避免对Ⅳ、Ⅴ型肾损伤盲目的保守,使保留肾单位的治疗赢得时间。     

急性闭合性肾损伤腹腔镜肾切除术

目的：探讨急性闭合性肾损伤经后腹腔途径腹腔镜肾切除术的可行性。方法：回顾性分析3例急性闭合性肾损伤经后腹腔途径腹腔镜肾切除术患者的临床资料：男2例,女1例;1例体外碎石肾损伤,2例为外伤性肾损伤。超声提示肾破裂伴肾周高回声区,考虑为血肿。CT提示肾脏破裂伴肾周血肿,血肿局限于肾周筋膜内,1例造影剂外溢。3例均行腹腔镜肾切除术,结果：3例手术均顺利完成,手术时间85min（60～120min）,出血量180ml（100～300m1）。术后病理检查提示肾脏破裂。结论：在腔镜技术熟练的前提下,选择性急性闭合性肾损伤且血肿局限于肾周筋膜内患者,在伤后1周内行腹腔镜肾切除可行。     

中晚期肾结核36例的临床特征

目的:探讨中晚期肾结核的临床特征.方法:报告36例中晚期肾结核患者的临床资料.均无典型临床表现;尿抗酸杆菌阳性率为19.4%;B超、IVU、和CT诊断符合率分别为30.6%、36.7%、81.2%.26例肾脏已无功能行手术切除(开放性手术20例,腹腔镜手术6例);10例行抗结核保守治疗,其中5例置双J管引流.结果:31例痊愈,5例失访.结论:肾结核的临床表现不典型、治疗不及时是导致中晚期肾结核发生的主要原因;CT对中晚期肾结核的诊断最有价值;治疗以肾切除术为主,术中应尽可能切除患侧输尿管;腹腔镜手术可以列为首选的治疗方法.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.