儿童原发性肾积水的影像学诊断和治疗

目的：探讨儿童味发性肾积水的影像学诊断和治疗方法。方法：收集1999年4月～2006年9月收治的原发性肾积水患儿80例．临床主诉以腹痛或腰痛为主。80例均经过B超筛查．再行静脉肾盂造影（IVP）检查31例次．排泄性尿路造影检查3例次．逆行上尿路造影2例次．肾脏同位素检查（ECT）70例次．核磁共振尿路成像（MRU）38例次．并有1例同时进行了动态增强核磁共振尿路成像（Gd—MRU）检查。69例72侧进行了离断式肾盂整形术．其中5例在B超引导下行经皮穿刺肾造瘘术,4例行肾盂输尿管内引流术,3例因重度积水且肾发育不良行肾切除术．7例暂且随访观察。结果：手术及病理检查诊断52侧为肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄．8侧为高位输尿管．3侧为迷走血管压迫．6侧为肾盂输尿管连接处息肉或黏膜乳头样增生．3侧为肾血管或下腔静脉压迫肾盂输尿管交界处。结论：原发性肾积水临床病因以肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻（UPJO）最为多见,影像学以B超为最初筛杏方法．IVP和ECT为公认的诊断UPJO时评价病肾形态功能的必需检查方法．但MRU有望替代B超和IVP而成为泌尿系影像学诊断的新“金标准”。在MRU基础上提出Gd—MRU技术可同时评定肾形态及功能,有很好的应用前景。Anderson—Hynes离断式肾盂整形术为UPJO手术“金标准”。     

先天性肾盂输尿管交界部梗阻的影像学诊断方法比较

为提高对先天性肾盂输尿管交界部梗阻(UPJO)的诊断,评价影像诊断的价值,对80例先天性UPJO的病人的影像学检查资料进行回顾性比较分析,结果表明所有病人均作了静脉肾盂造影及B超检查;50例行逆行肾盂输尿管造影;20例曾行腹部CT检查;利尿性肾核素检查25例。75例外科手术治疗。先天性UPJO可分为两大类,动力性和机械性梗阻。动力性梗阻在临床及影像学表现上无特异性,机械性梗阻有其特征性的影像学表现。因此认为尿路造影诊断可以明确诊断,优于CT、B超、同位素的诊断价值。     

磁共振尿路水成像对诊断上尿路梗阻病变的价值

目的：探讨磁共振尿路水成像(MRU)对诊断上尿路梗阻病变的价值。方法：回顾分析了52例上尿路梗阻患者的MRU的临床资料。结果：52例患者经过MRU检查均能显示梗阻的部位，50例与手术后诊断或治疗后明确的诊断相符合，2例误诊。结论：MRU能准确地显示尿路梗阻病变的部位和大小，具有无创伤、无痛苦、无辐射、不需造影剂及多平面成像能力等特点，比临床上常用的B超、静脉肾盂造影、逆行肾盂造影等检查具有一定的优越性。     

磁共振水成像在上尿路梗阻疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨磁共振水成像在上尿路梗阻所致肾积水病因诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：收集86例上尿路梗阻所致。肾积水患者，包括输尿管良性狭窄、输尿管肿瘤、尿路结石和先天性畸形疾病，通过对疾病治疗前影像学诊断结果的对比分析，并基于术中所见及术后病理结果证实，评价MRU在尿路梗阻性疾病病因诊断中的应用价值。结果：对于尿路梗阻性扩张，MRU能显示其梗阻部位和程度，定位准确率达100％（86／86）。其中76例解剖结构清晰，可对梗阻作出定性诊断，并经手术及病理结果证实，准确率为88.4％（76／86）。对先天性肾积水的定位定性诊断率达91.7％（33／36），明显高于B超及静脉肾盂造影（P〈0.05）。结论：MRU足无创伤性检查方法，不接触射线，不需碘对比剂，对尿路梗阻性疾病定位、定性诊断准确，是可以替代创伤性检查的可靠方法，对儿童及不能耐受传统静脉肾盂造影者可作为首选方法。     

磁共振尿路成像对肾盂输尿管先天性疾病的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振尿路成像(MRU)对肾盂、输尿管先天性疾病的诊断价值。方法：对11例肾盂、输尿管先天性疾病患者行MRU检查以明确诊断。结果：MRU诊断肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄3例，腔静脉后输尿管3例．巨输尿管症2例，肾盂输尿管完全重复畸形伴异位开口3例；均可显示梗阻部位及尿路扩张的形态，其定位诊断准确率为100％。结论：MRU是安全有效的非侵袭性的影像学检查方法，对肾盂、输尿管先天性疾病患者，尤其对有静脉尿路造影禁忌证和患侧肾功能严重受损的患者，具有特殊诊断价值。     

原发性输尿管癌影像学诊断方法的评估(附21例报告)

目的：提高原发性输尿管癌的影像学诊断水平。方法：对我院1994－2000年收治的21例原发性输尿管癌患者作回顾性分析。结果：21例均经手术证实；21例行B超检查，3例提示输尿管占位病变；15例行IVU检查，5例提示输尿管病变；10例行逆行肾盂造影，9例提示病变；12例行肾穿刺造影均能显示病变；6例行CT检查，5例提示病变；6例行MRU检查均能提示输尿管病变。结论：B超、IVU是诊断原发性输尿管癌的基本方法，逆行肾盂造影、肾穿刺造影、CT、MRU对原发性输尿管癌的诊断有较高价值，其中以肾穿刺造影和MRU的诊断率最高。     

先天性输尿管狭窄的影像学诊断

目的：比较先天性输尿管狭窄的影像学诊断方法。方法：对比分析26例患者的B超、静脉尿路造影、泌尿系MRI水成像及CT等影像学诊断资料。结果：26例B超检查均显示肾盂积水;静脉尿路造影有4例不显影或显影不清;泌尿系MRI水成像10例均显影清楚;CT检查3例能显示积水。结论：B超适于该病的初筛检查．静脉肾盂造影作为常规检查,MRI水成像适于静脉肾盂造影不显影及有禁忌证者,CT检查只适于辅助检查。     

原发性输尿管癌的早期诊断与治疗(附26例报告)

目的：提高原发性输尿管癌的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析26例原发性输尿管癌临床资料，比较各种检查方法，总结诊治经验。结果：26例术后均行病理检查证实为移性细胞癌。术前经B超、IVU、膀胱镜及逆行肾盂输尿管造影、CT、MRU等确诊24例(92．3％)。结论：联合应用B超、IVU、膀胱镜、逆行肾盂输尿管造影和CT、MRU检查方法，可提高原发性输尿管癌的诊断符合率。膀胱镜、逆行肾盂输尿管造影是原发性输尿管癌的最基本的检查手段。治疗以手术为主。     

磁共振水成像对输尿管肿瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振水成像技术(MRU)在原发性输尿管肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:对27例原发性输尿管肿瘤的影像学资料并基于术中所见和病理报告,将MRU与超声?KUB IVU?逆行造影?CT的确诊率进行比较。结果:MRU能清晰显示输尿管的梗阻部位,定位诊断准确率100%,梗阻病因确诊率100%,优于B超、泌尿系造影?逆行造影和CT检查。结论:与其它影像诊断方法相比较,MRU在显示原发性输尿管肿瘤特征方面具有效率高、定位准确和安全无创等优点,而且有更广泛的临床应用范围。     

梗阻性肾积水的影像学诊断（附96例报告）

为评价各种影像学检查方法对梗阻性肾积水的诊断价值,对96例梗阻性肾积水病人资料进行分析,结果表明所有病人均行超声及静脉肾盂造影检查,35例做逆行肾盂造影检查,20例行腹部CT检查,40例做过膀胱镜检查。其中,输尿管结石58例,占60％,输尿管狭窄15例,占16％,输尿管肿瘤7例,占7．3％,输尿管囊肿13例,占13．5％,先天性巨输尿管症3例,占3．1％。静脉肾盂造影阳性率为36％,超声检查81％,逆行肾盂造影100％,CT检查75％,膀胱镜检查50％。因此认为多种病因引起的梗阻性肾积水有其特征性的影像学表现,准确合理的选择影像学检查方法对确定梗阻部位及病因,具有重要的临床价值。     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.