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目的建立定量检测注射用头孢噻肟钠的细菌内毒素检查法,以替代热原检查法。方法按《中国药典》2000年版二部附录中的细菌内毒素动态浊度法,制定本品细菌内毒素限值,并研究注射用头孢噻肟钠对鲎试剂的干扰情况,以确定本品是否适用细菌内毒素检查法。结果注射用头孢噻肟钠用于细菌内毒素定量检测的几个浓度稀释液,对鲎试剂无干扰影响,内毒素回收率均在50%~200%范围内。结论本品可采用细菌内毒素动态浊度法进行定量检测。 相似文献
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目的建立定量检测注射用头孢噻肟钠的细菌内毒素检查法,以替代热原检查法。方法按《中国药典》2000年版二部附录中的细菌内毒素动态浊度法,制定本品细菌内毒素限值,并研究注射用头孢噻肟钠对鲎试剂的干扰情况,以确定本品是否适用细菌内毒素检查法。结果注射用头孢噻肟钠用于细菌内毒素定量检测的几个浓度稀释液,对鲎试剂无干扰影响,内毒素回收率均在50%-200%范围内。结论本品可采用细菌内毒素动态浊度法进行定量检测。 相似文献
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目的 :建立注射用促肝细胞生长素 (HGF)中细菌内毒素定量分析的方法。方法 :采用动态比浊定量法考察注射用HGF对鲎试剂的干扰作用并与热原检查法进行对比试验分析。结果 :动态浊度法干扰试验结果表明 ,注射用HGF溶解液 (1mg·ml-1)对鲎试剂无干扰作用。结论 :可用动态浊度法对注射用HGF中的细菌内毒素进行质量控制。 相似文献
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目的:建立普鲁卡因注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法(动态浊度法,凝胶法),以控制药品质量,减少临床热原反应的发生。方法:按《中国药典》2000版附录中细菌内毒素检测法及细菌内毒素检测法指导原则的规定^[1],系统考察注射用普鲁卡因对鲎试剂与细菌内毒素凝集反应的干扰,确定用于细菌内毒素动态浊度法和凝胶法的不干扰浓度。结果:将注射用普鲁卡因配制成1%浓度经20倍稀释后可应用动态浊度法定量检测;凝胶法最佳检测条件为:供试品1:20稀释,鲎试剂灵敏度(γ)=0.25EU/ml。结论:应用动态浊度法定量检测普鲁卡因注射液细菌内毒素含量,结果准确;凝胶法可用于日常检测。细菌内毒素检查法可替代家兔法用于普鲁卡因注射液的热原检查。 相似文献
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应用LAL动态浊度法测定复方苦参注射液中细菌内毒素含量 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的:建立应用美洲鲎试剂LAL的动态浊度法定量检测复方苦参注射液中细菌内毒素试验方法。方法:采用《中国药典》2015年版(四部)中的细菌内毒素检查法。结果:复方苦参注射液用细菌内毒素定量法检测无干扰因素影响,内毒素回收率在50%~200%范围内。结论:使用LAL进行动态浊度法定量检测复方苦参注射液的细菌内毒素是可行的,可用细菌内毒素方法代替兔热原检查法,同时又避免了限量法内毒素检测时的干扰。 相似文献
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目的应用动态浊度法定量测定注射用还原型谷胱甘肽中细菌内毒素的含量。方法通过干扰试验确定样品检测浓度,建立标准曲线并对样品进行细菌内毒素的定量检测。结果注射用还原型谷胱甘肽稀释至质量浓度为1mg/mL时,对鲎试剂检查无干扰作用,细菌内毒素的回收率均在50%~200%范围内。结论用动态浊度法测定注射用还原型谷胱甘肽中的细菌内毒素含量,方法可行。 相似文献
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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.相似文献
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Petrikovics I McGuinn WD Sylvester D Yuzapavik P Jiang J Way JL Papahadjopoulos D Hong K Yin R Cheng TC DeFrank JJ 《Drug delivery》2000,7(2):83-89
This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine. 相似文献
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《Critical reviews in toxicology》2013,43(5-6):327-369
AbstractThe uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors. 相似文献
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《Expert opinion on investigational drugs》2013,22(1):79-86
Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation. 相似文献
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Chang Min Kim Kun Ho Son Sung Hwan Kim Hyun Pyo Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1991,14(4):305-310
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins
from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins. 相似文献
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Alberto García-Lled Javier Gmez-Pavn Juan Gonzlez del Castillo Teresa Hernndez-Sampelayo Mari Cruz Martín-Delgado Francisco Javier Martín Snchez Manuel Martínez-Sells Jos María Molero García Santiago Moreno Guilln Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo Julin Ruiz-Galiana Rafael Cantn Pilar De Lucas Ramos Alejandra García-Botella Emilio Bouza 《Rev Esp Quimioter》2022,35(2):115
The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation. 相似文献