抵抗素与2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的关系

目的检测2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病患者血清中抵抗素水平,探讨血清中抵抗素与2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法检测40例2型糖尿病无并发症患者、30例2型糖尿病肾病患者及30例健康者的空腹血清中抵抗素和胰岛素水平,同时观测空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、体质指数。结果2型糖尿病肾病组的血清中抵抗素水平与正常对照组相比及2型糖尿病无并发症血清抵抗素水平与正常对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）,而2型糖尿病肾病组与2型糖尿病无并发症组相比,血清抵抗素水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论血清抵抗素参与了2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的发生,血清抵抗素与2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的关系密切。     

上海市某社区2012年糖尿病肾病危险因素分析

目的分析2012年上海市某社区2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病的危险因素．为制定糖尿病肾病临床防治措施提供依据。方法对480例社区2型糖尿病患者进行现况调查。根据尿微量白蛋白／尿肌酐比值将研究对象分为糖尿病肾病组和糖尿病非肾病组,比较两组间各因素的差异,并运用因素Logistie回归分析各影响因素与尿微量白蛋白／尿肌酐比值的关系。结果本研究436例2型糖尿病患者中,糖尿病肾病患病率为41．97％;2型糖尿病发生糖尿病肾病的前4住危险因素依次为2型糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、静脉血清餐后2小时血糖和血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。结论糖尿病病程、高血糖和高血脂是导致2型糖尿病肾病发生的主要原因,因此,社区糖尿病管理必须超越以控制血糖为中心的治疗观念,强调全面综合治疗,防止糖尿病肾病的发生或延缓临床蛋白尿的发展。     

上海市2型糖尿病疾病经济负担研究

目的:探讨上海市2型糖尿病及其并发症的疾病经济负担,为制定有效的疾病健康促进方案提供经济学依据。方法:根据上海市2型糖尿病及其并发症的年直接医疗费用、年直接非医疗费用和间接费用计算2型糖尿病的疾病经济负担。结果:上海市2型糖尿痛及其并发症的人均年门诊费用是1413.88元,次均住院费用是5641.57元,年人均直接医疗费用是2 349.56元;上海市2型糖尿病患者的潜在疾病经济负担是28.96亿元,其中无并发症患者的疾病经济负担是12.45亿元,合并并发症患者的疾病经济负担是16.51亿元。     

解除3座大山 延缓糖尿病肾病进程

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病慢性并发症的一种。在糖尿病患者中，约20％～40％的人会发生糖尿病肾病。其中1型糖尿病患者的发生率与糖尿病的病程有关，病程20～25年的人，糖尿病肾病发生率为40％～50％。病程越长、病情控制越差，发生率就越高。一旦肾脏受累，就很难完全摆脱，不仅严重影响生活质量，还会造成很大的经济负担。     

2型糖尿病一级预防研究进展

2型糖尿病是以胰岛素抵抗为病理生理基础的代谢综合征,是一种严重危害人类健康的慢性疾病。它与过早死亡及心血管疾病、肾病和神经疾病的发病密切相关。2型糖尿病及其并发症的治疗已经成为沉重的经济负担。在过去的20年间,糖尿病发病率在全世界范围内增加。据估计,2010年全球糖     

2型糖尿病患者并发早期糖尿病肾病的影响因素

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者并发早期糖尿病肾病的影响因素.方法 选取2019年2月至2020年3月本院收治的2型糖尿病患者并发早期糖尿病肾病52例为早期糖尿病肾病组,单纯2型糖尿病患者75例为对照组.检测两组患者血脂指标、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血尿酸、血肌酐、尿素氮水平;测量血压、身高和体重,计算体质量指数;记录患者的糖...     

绝经后2型糖尿病合并肾病患者性激素水平变化及意义

目的:探讨绝经后2型糖尿病患者性激素水平变化与糖尿病肾病的关系。方法:选择42例绝经后2型糖尿病患者,其中合并肾病者20例,无微血管并发症者22例,另选择20例健康绝经妇女为对照组,测定血中促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平进行比较分析。结果:绝经后2型糖尿病患者较健康绝经妇女E2降低,T升高(P<),绝经后2型糖尿病合并肾病组比无肾病组E2更为降低(P<),T无显著差异,各组FSH、LH无显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:绝经后2型糖尿病患者性激素水平的变化可能是促成糖尿病肾病的因素之一。     

ACE基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病关系的研究

目的 :明确血管紧张素I转换酶 (ACE)基因插入 /缺失 (I/D)多态性与 2型糖尿病及其肾病发生及进展的关系。方法 :ACE基因内含子 16的一个 2 87bp的Alu顺序I/D型为多态标志 ,用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)扩增基因片段 ,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物。结果 :(1) 2 2 1例 2型糖尿病与 10 0例正常对照组之间基因型分布无显著性差异 ;(2 ) 2型糖尿病未合并肾病与合并肾病及肾功不全 (RF)等各亚组之间基因型频率和等位基因频率无显著性差异。结论 :ACEI/D多态性与 2型糖尿病肾病和肾功能不全的发生无关     

2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病的危险因素分析

目的 探究影响2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病的相关危险因素,为改善患者预后提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析扬中市人民医院2019年2月至2021年10月收治的80例2型糖尿病患者的临床基本资料,依据尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)水平将其分为两组,并发糖尿病肾病组(28例,UACR≥30 mg/g)和未并发糖尿病肾病组(52例,UACR<30 mg/g)。对两组患者的临床资料进行单因素分析,对其中差异有统计学意义的单因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选影响糖尿病肾病发生的相关危险因素。结果 本研究中,未并发糖尿病肾病组患者年龄≥60岁、糖尿病病程≥10年、合并高血压、合并脑卒中、肉类摄入频次的占比均显著低于并发糖尿病肾病组,腰围显著小于并发糖尿病肾病组,参加体育锻炼的占比、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平均显著高于并发糖尿病肾病组,糖化血红蛋白(HbA_lc)水平显著低于并发糖尿病肾病组;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、糖尿病病程≥10年、合并高血压、肉类摄入频次>1次/周、HDL-C水平低均为导致2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病...     

蔬菜摄入与2型糖尿病及其并发脑梗塞、心肌梗死、肾病的关系

目的探讨蔬菜摄入与 2型糖尿病及其并发脑梗塞、心肌梗死、肾病的关系。方法采用 1∶ 1配对病例对照研究设计 ,分别选择 2型糖尿病人和非糖尿病对照 16 7对 ,分析蔬菜摄入与 2型糖尿病的关系 ;选择 110对合并脑梗塞和未合并脑梗塞的 2型糖尿病病例和对照 ,分析蔬菜摄入与 2型糖尿病合并脑梗塞的关系 ;选择 10 2对合并心肌梗死和未合并心肌梗死的 2型糖尿病病例和对照 ,分析蔬菜摄入与 2型糖尿病合并心肌梗死的关系 ;选择 10 6对糖尿病和无糖尿肾病的 2型糖尿病病例和对照 ,分析蔬菜摄入与 2型糖尿病合并肾病的关系。利用条件 L ogistic回归方法进行分析。结果单因素分析表明 ,蔬菜摄入是一个保护因素 ,蔬菜摄入与 2型糖尿病、2型糖尿病并发脑梗塞、2型糖尿病并发心肌梗死及 2型糖尿病肾病的 OR值分别为 0 .5 0 (95 % CI0 .33～ 0 .76 ) ,0 .43(0 .2 7～ 0 .89) ,0 .5 2 (0 .36～ 0 .75 )及 0 .5 4(0 .33～0 .88)。经分别用各自可能的混杂因素调整后 ,结果没有很大变动。结论蔬菜摄入对于 2型糖尿病及其并发脑梗塞、心肌梗死、肾病均是一个保护因素。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.