加味通腑汤对胃癌术后早期患者胃肠功能和营养状况的影响

目的 观察加味通腑汤联合肠内外营养对胃癌术后早期患者胃肠功能恢复和营养状况的改善作用。方法 将62例胃癌术后患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组31例。在术后常规处理基础上,对照组给予肠内外营养支持,观察组在肠内外营养支持基础上给予加味通腑汤经鼻空肠营养管滴注。比较两组患者术后首次排气时间和首次排便时间,术前1 d、术后3 d和术后7 d前白蛋白（prealbumin,PA）、白蛋白（albumin,Alb）、血清总蛋白（total serum protein,TP）及血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）水平,同时观察患者术后腹胀、恶心呕吐、肺部感染、腹腔感染、吻合口瘘等并发症发生情况。结果 与对照组比较,观察组患者术后首次排气时间和首次排便时间显著缩短（P＜0.05）;术后3 d,两组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均较术前1 d显著降低（P＜0.05）;术后7 d,两组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均较术后3 d显著升高（P＜0.05）,且观察组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 胃癌术后早期肠内外营养支持联合加味通腑汤小肠内滴注,可以促进胃肠功能恢复,改善营养状况,降低术后并发症的发生率。     

胃癌术后早期联合使用肠内外营养支持的护理效果观察

目的:探讨胃癌术后早期联合使用肠内外营养支持的护理效果。方法:选取行胃癌根治术患者60例病例资料,将其随机分为两组,对照组术后使用全胃肠外营养,观察组在术后早期联合使用肠内外营养支持,两组患者均按优质护理要求进行护理。观察两组患者在术后营养指标、肠蠕动恢复时间、并发症发生率、住院时间及费用的差别。结果:观察组在术后营养指标上的白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者在肛门排气,肠蠕动恢复时间上优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率(腹胀,吻合口瘘、切口感染、静脉炎、肺部感染)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者住院时间和费用低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌术后早期联合使用肠内外营养支持较单纯使用全胃肠外营养支持效果突出、可以明显改善患者的营养状况,促进患者胃肠功能的恢复、减少术后并发症、减少住院时间。加速患者康复。     

胃癌患者术后早期肠内营养支持的临床研究

目的探讨胃癌患者术后早期肠内营养支持的疗效。方法选取行手术治疗的I～Ⅲ期胃癌患者85例。其中43例患者采用术后早期经鼻肠管行肠内营养支持,为观察组;42例患者采用术后肠外营养支持,为对照组。分别于术前2~5d（术前常规检查）和术后第7天留取患者静脉血,检测血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白等营养指标及免疫球蛋白（Ig）A、IgG、IgM等免疫指标,记录并分析患者术后肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况等临床指标。结果两组患者术前血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白等营养指标及IgA、IgG、IgM等免疫指标比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,术后第7天均较术前明显降低（均P＜0.05）,但观察组患者上述指标均明显高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。观察组患者术后肠道功能恢复更快,住院时间更短,术后总并发症发生率更低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论胃癌患者术后早期经鼻肠管施行肠内营养,可明显改善术后的营养状况和免疫功能,安全有效,值得临床推广。     

胃癌根治术后早期肠内营养支持的临床疗效研究

目的探讨胃癌根治术后行早期肠内营养支持的临床疗效。方法将84例胃癌根治术后患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组42例,实验组在术后24 h内给予早期肠内营养支持。两组术后48 h内均给予肠外营养支持。观察并比较两组患者的生化、营养和免疫指标、并发症、术后肠道通气时间、住院天数以及术后平均生存时间等指标。结果实验组患者术后第8天血浆前白蛋白水平高于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.01),术后肠道通气时间、排便时间、营养相关费用和住院天数均少于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组患者营养支持治疗后的血清CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、CRP和IgM水平显著高于对照组患者营养支持后的水平(P<0.05)。两组患者三年随访期内的平均生存时间没有统计学差异(χ2=0.086,P=0.769)。结论胃癌根治术后行早期肠内营养支持有助于恢复肠功能,降低并发症发生率和提高患者免疫力。     

围手术期肠内营养支持改进策略在胃癌围手术期中的应用

目的探讨围手术期肠内营养支持改进策略在胃癌围手术期中的应用效果。方法将45例胃癌患者按随机数字表法分为肠内营养组(23例)和对照组(22例)。肠内营养组术前营养风险筛查结合肠内营养支持、术后早期少量肠内营养支持加后期全肠内营养支持,对照组术后由中心静脉进行肠外营养支持。化验两组患者入院时,术后第1、3及7天的白清白蛋白及免疫球蛋白A(SIgA);记录患者肛门排气时间;记录住院期腹胀、腹泻、恶心呕吐等消化道症状发生率及肺部感染等并发症的发生率。结果肠内营养组患者与对照组相比,术前白蛋白水平无明显区别,术后第1、3及7天均高于对照组(均<0.05)。与对照组相比,肠内营养组术后IgA水平明显高于对照组(<0.05)。肠内营养组术后平均肠鸣音恢复时间及肛门排气时间均明显好于对照组(均<0.05)。两组均无重大手术并发症发生。结论术前营养风险筛查结合预防性肠内营养支持有助于改善术后早期的营养状况与胃肠道免疫功能,术后早期少量肠内营养患者耐受性好,并发症少,并有助于改善患者胃肠道免疫功能。     

胃癌术后早期应用肠内营养和肠外营养的临床分析

目的:探讨应用早期肠内营养和肠外营养对胃癌术后恢复的影响。方法:将40例胃癌根治术患者随机分为应用早期肠内和肠外营养(EEN+PN组)和单纯肠外营养支持(PN组)两组。观察在治疗过程中两组患者并发症的发生率、术后肠功能恢复时间及营养学指标,并进行对比分析。结果:两组患者术后并发症的发生率无明显差异;EEN+PN组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间明显早于PN组(P<0.05)。两组术后在营养支持后体重、血清白蛋白、总蛋白和血红蛋白等指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:两种方法均能对胃癌术后患者进行有效的营养支持,联合应用早期肠内营养和肠外营养可促进胃癌术后胃肠道功能恢复。     

术后早期肠内营养对老年胃癌患者护理效果分析

目的：探讨术后早期肠内营养对老年性胃癌患者的临床效果。方法选取70例术后老年性胃癌患者,随机分为观察组及对照组,均为35例。观察组施行早期肠内营养支持,对照组施行全肠外营养支持。观察并分析对比两组患者的肛门排气时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及治疗后血清C反应蛋白( CRP)、转铁蛋白( TF)、白蛋白( ALB)含量等临床指标。结果观察组出现肛门排气的时间及住院时间比对照组短,差异比较有统计学意义( P<0.05);观察组治疗后CRP含量低于对照组,TF及ALBP含量均高于对照组,差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为11.5%,低于对照组的34.3%,差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术后的老年性胃癌患者施行早期肠内营养支持效果显著,能够使患者迅速恢复体质,提高生活质量,值得在临床上推广应用。     

胃癌根治术后早期应用肠内外营养的疗效比较

目的比较分析胃癌根治术后早期肠内(EN)、肠外(PN)营养支持的临床疗效差异。方法将64例胃癌根治术后的患者按营养方式不同随机分为肠内营养组(PN)和肠外营养组(PN),每组32例,采取相应的护理措施。观察两组术后白蛋白、肛门排气时间、术后下床活动时间和并发症发生率。结果 EN组术后1周白蛋白水平为(34.8±1.8)g/L,PN组为(28.2±0.9)g\L,;EN组肛门首次排气时间为(61.09±8.79)h,PN组为(76.58±7.88)h,EN组术后首次下床活动时间为(3.17±1.67)d,PN组为(4.86±2.54)d,三者差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);EN组发生并发症3例(肺部感染2例、切口愈合不良1例);PN组发生并发症12例(肺部感染6例,切口愈合不良6例),两组并发症发生率相比P0.05,具有统计学意义。结论肠内营养应用可促进术后肠道功能的恢复及蛋白的合成,减少并发症,可作为胃癌术后的首选营养支持方法。     

肠内外营养支持在胰十二指肠切除术后的护理干预及疗效观察

目的 观察胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy ,PD)后应用肠内营养支持的临床疗效及实施过程中的护理干预效果.方法 将41 例 PD 术后患者分为两组,其中应用肠内外营养患者17例(观察组) ,单独予以肠外静脉营养患者24例(对照组) ,治疗7d后,对比两组术后血清总蛋白和血清白蛋白改善情况 ,以及住院时间、费用和术后并发症发生率等指标.结果 观察组术后血清总蛋白和血清白蛋白改善情况均优于对照组( P <0.05) ,观察组的住院时间和费用、术后并发症发生率等均低于对照组( P <0.05).结论 PD 术后早期应用肠内外营养支持及采取有效护理干预,可明显改善患者营养状况 ,降低术后并发症发生率 ,提高患者生命质量,值得临床推广.     

胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内营养与肠外营养对比

目的：分析比较早期肠内营养与肠外营养对胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者术后身体恢复、住院时间、术后并发症等情况的影响。方法选取该院100例胃肠道恶性肿瘤并进行手术治疗的患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例患者。观察组患者采用肠内营养,对照组患者采用肠外营养,检测两组患者术前体重、血清白蛋白、淋巴细胞总数等营养状况,比较两组患者术后住院时间、并发症发生率、发热时间等指标。结果两组患者在术后体重下降差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组患者在术后白蛋白（27.15±8.24） g/L、淋巴细胞总数（1.48±0.86）×109/L、住院时间（17.2±6.9） d、并发症发生率4%、发热时间（3.8±1.6） d均优于对照组在术后白蛋白（23.65±5.45） g/L、淋巴细胞总数（1.13±0.42）×109/L、住院时间（7.2±3.3） d、并发症发生率14%、发热时间（28.5±5.6） d,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内营养比肠外营养临床效果更显著,能够有效降低术后的并发症发生率,减少患者的住院时间,增强患者的免疫功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.