形态心电图标准在鉴别心室流出道室性心律失常中的价值

目的探讨形态心电图标准在心室流出道（VOT）室性心律失常（VA）中的鉴别价值。方法回顾性分析155例成功行射频导管消融治疗（以下简称消融治疗），并经三维标测或X线影像证实起源于左心流出道（LVOT）室性期前收缩/室性心动过速（PVC/VT）的心电图资料进行观察（观察组），使用系统抽样法选取同期成功行消融治疗的155例右心室流出道（RVOT）起源的PVC/VT进行对照（对照组），再根据起源的位置不同将观察组分为3个亚组：左冠窦（LCS）组、右冠窦（RCS）组、左冠窦下（ILCS）组。观察各组V1、V2导联R波振幅及时限比值、胸导联移行指数、V2导联移行比、胸导联QRS波的移行情况，分析其对LVOT和RVOT及各亚组的PVC/VT鉴别价值，并计算各项指标的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果LVOT和RVOT的PVC/VT的V1、V2导联R波振幅以及R波时限比值及V2导联移行比、胸导联移行、胸前导联移行指数均有较为明显的差异。LVOT亚组分析显示：（1）符合胸导联移行指数＜0，在LCS组、ILCS组及RCS组分别为92.39%（85/92）、90.91%（30/33）、90.00%（27/30）。（2）符合V1导联的R波振幅比值≥0.3及时限比值≥0.5，在上述3组分别89.13%（82/92）、93.94%（31/33）、76.67%（23/30）。（3）符合V2导联的R波振幅比值≥0.3及时限比值≥0.5，在上述3组分别为88.04%（81/92）、93.94%（31/33）、90.00%（27/30）。（4）V2导联移行比＞0.6，在上述3组分别为89.13%（82/92）、93.94%（31/33）、83.33%（25/30）。（5）PVC的胸导联移行在ILCS组有93.39%（31/33）在V1导联之前，其余亚组均在V1导联之后。（6）I导联QRS波形态LCS组及ILCS组以负向波为主呈rs/rS型，分别为78.26%（72/92）及81.81%（27/33），RCS组以正向波为主呈R或r型76.67%（23/30）。结论在VOTPVC/VT的形态心电图鉴别标准中，胸导联移行指数对于鉴别LVOT与RVOT起源，具有较高的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值，应被优先选用。     

体表心电图不同指标在预测流出道室性心律失常起源部位中的价值

目的：分析不同的体表心电图指标在鉴别流出道室性心律失常（OTVA）起源部位中的价值。方法：连续入组98例消融成功、靶点明确的OTVA患者,其中74例起源于右室流出道（RVOT）,另24例起源于左室流出道（LVOT）,术前记录标准12导联心电图,测量并计算胸导联移行区指数（TZI）、V2移行比率以及V2S/V3R指数,比较3种不同的心电图指标预测流出道室性心律失常起源部位的准确性。结果：V2S/V3R指数的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）最大,其敏感性及特异性（85.9%、94.3%）均优于V2移行比率（70.3%、90.1%）及胸导联移行指数TZI（62.5%、89.5%）。在心脏转位的亚组中,胸导联移行指数TZI预测价值最高,其敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为80%、93%、91%。在V3导联R/S移行的亚组中,V2移行比率预测价值最高,其敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为75%、66%、67%。结论：不同的心电图鉴别指标可相互补充以提高术前判断OTVA起源部位的准确性。     

形态心电图标准对右心室流出道室性心律失常的鉴别价值

目的：探讨形态心电图标准对右心室流出道室性心律失常（VOT Vhs）的鉴别价值.方法：分析272例起源于右心室流出道（RVOT）并成功行导管射频消融治疗室性心律失常（VAs）患者的心电图资料,并与72例左心室流出道（LVOT） VAs患者进行比较,观察V1导联R波振幅比值＜0.3、时限比值＜0.5,v2导联R波振幅比值＜0.3、时限比值＜0.5,胸导联移行指数≥0,V2导联移行此＜0.6及胸导联移行≥V35种形态心电图标准对诊断RVOT VAs的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,并进行ROC曲线分析.结果：①上述5种标准的敏感性分别为93.38％、91.18％、93.75％、71.69％、77.94％,特异性分别为87.50％、88.89％、91.67％、88.89％、93.06％,阳性预测值分别为96.58％、96.88％、97.70％、96.06％、97.70％,阴性预测值分别为77.78％、72.72％、79.52％、45.39％、52.76％.②5种诊断标准的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.904 （SE1：0.024,95％ CI：0.857 - 0.952）、0.900（SE2：0.024,95％ CI：0.854- 0.947）、0.927（SE3：0.021,95％ CI：0.887 - 0.968）、0.803（SE4：0.027,95％ CI：0.749-0.857）、0.855（SE5：0.023,95％ CI：0.809-0.901）.其中V1、V2导联R波时限比值＜0.5或振幅比值＜0.3,胸导联移行指数≥0分别与V2导联移行比＜0.6比较,以及胸前导联移行指数≥0与胸导联移行≥V3比较差异均有统计学意义（Z值分别为2.795、2.685、3.625、2.311,均P＜0.05）.其余各个标准之间比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：各种形态心电图标准对VOT VAs的鉴别均有一定的价值,其中V1、V2导联R波时限＜0.5或振幅比值＜0.3,胸导联移行指数≥0对鉴别RVOTVAs诊断具有相对的优势.     

两种非经典部位起源的室性心动过速/室性早搏的心电图特点和射频消融治疗

目的 探讨起源于主动脉窦和三尖瓣环部的室性心动过速/室性早搏(VT/PVC)的体表心电图特点和射频消融治疗.方法 根据心电图和临床症状确诊为VT/PVC患者6例,均接受心脏电生理检查和射频消融.消融成功后,结合消融靶点位置对患者体表心电图进行分析.结果 6例VT/PVC均消融成功,3例起源于主动脉窦,其中2例右冠窦,1例左冠窦;另3例起源于右心室三尖瓣环部,其中2例游离壁,1例偏间隔部.主动脉窦起源的VT/PVC心电图呈左束支传导阻滞图形且额面电轴下偏,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联呈高耸直立的R波,胸前导联一般在V3导联之前移行,V4 ～ V6导联呈高振幅R波,V5、V6导联一般无s波.三尖瓣环部起源的VT/PVC心电图呈左束支传导阻滞图形,Ⅰ、aVL、V5、V6导联呈高R波,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联QRS波的极性可正可负,但三者极少同时正向,胸前导联一般在v3 ～ V5导联发生移行.其中三尖瓣环游离壁起源的VT/PVC与间隔侧起源的相比,具有QRS波限较长、肢体导联QRS波可有切迹和胸前导联移行较晚的特点.结论 与经典部位的VT/PVC相比,两种非经典部位起源的VT/PVC具有一些特殊的心电图表现.射频导管消融能够对其进行安全、有效的治疗.     

心电监护中出现心电干扰的处理办法

心电监测仪和导联床旁监测仪与中心监测台联网,有LA、RA、LL、RL、V这5条导联线,连5个电极。可以选择显示导联Ⅰ、Ⅱ 、Ⅲ 、avR、avL、avF和胸导联V的心电图。心电干扰的现象在所观察的导联上出现心电图波形消失或出现不规则的干扰波,前者为电极脱落,后者为电极与皮肤间接触不     

体表心电图在特发性左室室速和宽QRS波室上性心动过速鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的:评价体表心电图对特发性左室室速和宽QRS波室上性心动过速(SVT)的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析75例经心内电生理检查确诊、呈右束支阻滞(RBBB)型且无器质性心脏病的宽QRS波心动过速(WCT)患者体表心电图资料。结果:房室分离、心室夺获或室性融合波、无人区心电轴(-90°～±180°)或电轴左偏、下壁导联(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF)以S波为主、Ⅰ导联呈Rs波、avL导联呈Rs或qR(s)、V6导联呈rS型、心动过速终止恢复窦性心律时出现电张调整性T波改变对特发性左室室速诊断有较高的应用价值;而电轴正常或右偏、下壁导联以R波为主、avL导联呈rS或QS型、V6导联呈Rs型对诊断宽QRS波SVT有价值。结论:体表心电图可有效地用于RBBB型无器质性心脏病WCT的鉴别,本研究表明若干体表心电图特征可用于特发性左室室速和宽QRS波SVT的鉴别。     

血液透析诱发左心房心律酷似下壁心梗1例

1 临床资料 患者男性,78岁.因高血压、肾动脉硬化、尿毒症于1998年9月2日入院.入院后行血液透析治疗.透析前查心电图示窦性心律,电轴左偏一11.,左室肥厚劳损.9月17日透析3小时后,突感心悸、气短、胸憋,查心电图示Ⅰ、Ⅱ、avF、V4～V6导联的P波倒置,avR、avL、V2、V3导联的P波直立,V1导联的P波双向,P-R间期0.13s,q1、avL加深,但小于1/4R,宽度小于0.04秒,Ⅲ、Ⅲ、avF导QRS波均为深大QS,酷似下壁心梗,心电轴一56..心电图诊断:左房心律、左前分支阻滞、左室肥厚劳损.于是停止透析,给予硝酸甘油含服及静滴,并吸氧,症状逐渐缓解.     

经主动脉窦途径射频消融治疗室性心律失常临床观察

目的探讨经主动脉窦途径导管射频消融治疗室性心律失常患者的心电图特点及射频消融情况。方法回顾性分析11例室性心律失常患者的体表心电图及消融成功时靶点心电图等心电生理学特征。结果经主动脉窦途径导管射频消融治疗室性期前收缩8例,室性心动过速3例。心电图特点:Ⅱ、Ⅲ和aVF导联为高大R波,胸导联R波移行较早,V_1导联R/S波振幅比≥30%,V_1导联中r/QRS波时限比≥50%,V_5、V_6导联为高振幅R波、无s波。有效消融靶点心内电图示心室波明显比体表心电图QRS波提前<30 ms。消融成功10例,放弃消融1例。结论源于主动脉窦内的室性心动过速/室性期前收缩具有相对独特的心内电生理学特征,常规心内膜途径消融困难时可考虑从主动脉窦途径标测消融,明确消融导管与冠状动脉口的关系十分必要。     

两例主动脉窦起源室性早搏/心动过速的心电图特点及导管消融治疗研究

目的 探讨主动脉窦起源宣性早搏/心动过速的体表心电图特点及导管消融策略.方法 选择两例经心内电生理检查证实分别起源于左冠状动脉窦及右冠获动脉窦的室性早搏/心动过速病例,分析其体表心电图特点,并进行心内电生理检查及导管消融治疗.结果 两例患者室性早搏/心动过速时体表心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联均呈高大的R波型,aVR导联呈QS型,V1导联R波时限指数均大于或等于50％、波幅指数均大于或等于30％.其中,起源于左冠状动脉窦者Ⅰ导联呈rS型,aVL呈QS型,胸前导联移行位于V2～3;起源于右冠状动球窦者Ⅰ导联呈Rs型.两例患者均成功消融,无并发症,随访12月无复发.结论 起源于主动脉窦的宣性早搏/心动过速体表心电图具有特征性的表现,导管消融主动脉窦内室性早搏/心动过速安全、有效.     

心电图预测右心室流出道室早消融结果

目的 了解体表心电图对右心室流出道室性早搏(室早)消融结果 的预测价值.方法 收集近2年于我院行右心室流出道室早消融成功的患者49例,全部患者室早心电图V1导联QRS波均呈左束支阻滞(LBBB)形态,且无器质性心脏病.随访1～26个月[(6.9±6.8)月],随访期间有7例复发,复发率为14.3%.按结果 分为成功组(42例)和对照组(7例),回顾性分析两组患者术前体表心电图12导联R波幅度、R波时限、QRS时限、胸前导联R波移行导联、Ⅰ导联R波单相以及起搏时12导联心电图与自然发作室早心电图图形相同的导联数等,比较两组患者心电图的特点.结果 当胸前导联R波的移行于V1、V2导联(P=0.048);V2导联QRS波群时限(P=0.033)、Ⅱ导联的QRS波群时限(P=0.018)、Ⅱ导联的R波振幅(P=0.024)明显较大时,更易复发,且有统计学意义.结论 术前分析心电图有助于临床医生选择合适室早患者作为消融对象,以降低失败风险,提高成功率.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.