伴抑郁的稳定期精神分裂症患者细胞因子水平变化及其影响因素研究

背景 细胞因子水平与精神分裂症患者的症状存在相关性，同时多数精神分裂症患者在疾病进展后期会出现抑郁症状，因此精神分裂症患者伴抑郁症状与细胞因子水平的关系值得进一步探讨。目的 探讨稳定期精神分裂症伴抑郁症状患者细胞因子水平及其与临床症状的相关关系。方法 选择2018年5—12月安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院、合肥市第四人民医院和马鞍山市第四人民医院精神科收治的稳定期精神分裂症患者。采用卡尔加里精神分裂症抑郁量表（CDSS）评估患者的抑郁症状：以CDSS总分≥5分定义为抑郁。使用流式细胞仪多重液相蛋白定量技术检测患者血浆白介素（IL）-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-17A水平。采用Spearman秩相关分析和多元线性回归分析探讨稳定期精神分裂症患者细胞因子水平与抑郁的关系。结果 本研究共纳入111例稳定期精神分裂症患者，抑郁发生率为28.83%(32/111)。Spearman秩相关分析显示，CDSS总分与IL-1β、IL-2及IL-17A呈正相关（rs值分别为0.507、0.466、0.374,P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，较高水平的IL-17A是稳定期精神分裂症患者伴发抑...     

首次发病精神分裂症和抑郁症患者的血浆瘦素及总胆固醇水平的研究

目的 比较精神分裂症、抑郁症患者血浆瘦素及总胆固醇水平.方法 48例首发精神分裂症患者,用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome scale,PANSS)量表评定,45例首发抑郁症用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)进行评定,32例体检职工为对照组,所有人组对象服药前测定体质量指数、血浆瘦素和总胆固醇.结果 (1)正常对照组[(4.8±0.9)mmol/L]总胆固醇均高于抑郁症组[(3.7±1.0)mmol/L]及精神分裂症组[(3.4±0.9)mmol/L;P＜0.05～0.01],而抑郁症组与精神分裂症组之间的差异无显著性(P＞0.05);正常对照组血浆瘦索[(13.4±6.7)g/L]高于抑郁症组[(9.6±4.2)g/L]及精神分裂症组[(5.8±3.4)g/L;P＜0.05～0.01],抑郁症组高于精神分裂症组(P＜0.05).(2)3组的血浆瘦素及总胆固醇均与BMI呈正相关(r=0.48～0.63;P＜0.01);精神分裂症组的血浆瘦素和总胆固醇与PANSS阳性分、BPRS分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.38～-0.50;均P＜0.01);抑郁症组的血浆瘦素、总胆固醇与HAMD分呈显著负相关(r=-0.37～-0.41;P＜0.05～0.01).结论 精神分裂症和抑郁症患者的血浆瘦素及总胆固醇水平的降低独立于药物治疗和BMI改变之外,其在精神障碍中的重要病理生理学机制值得进一步深入探讨.     

氨磺必利与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效和安全性分析

目的 分析利培酮与氨磺必利治疗首发精神分裂症疗效和安全性.方法 选取本院2016年4月~2017年5月接收的60例首发精神分裂症患者资料,并将采取氨磺必利医治的30例患者设研究组,采取利培酮医治的30例患者设对照组,对比两组PANSS减分值、CDSS评分及不良反应状况.结果 研究组的G减分、N减分、P减分及PANSS总减分值(13.68±2.81)分、(10.85±1.20)分、(16.41±1.38)分、(36.64±4.92)分均比对照组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);医治后研究组的CDSS评分与CDSS减分值(5.60±1.08)分、(8.33±2.56)分比对照组优,且不良反应发生率比对照组低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 首发性精神分裂症患者行氨磺必利医治可改善抑郁症状及阴性症状,提高医治疗效,且药物安全性较高.     

舒肝解郁胶囊辅助治疗精神分裂症患者抑郁症状的临床观察

目的：探讨舒肝解郁胶囊辅助治疗精神分裂症患者抑郁症状的临床疗效及安全性.方法：伴抑郁症状的精神分裂症患者在服用阿立哌唑基础上随机分为研究组（舒肝解郁胶囊1.44g·d-1）和对照组（氟西汀20mg·d-1）,观察6周后采用卡尔加里抑郁量表（CDSS）、阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）及副反应量表（TESS）评定并比较两组的疗效和安全性.结果：两组PANSS、CDSS、PSQI评分均显著下降（P〈0.01）;研究组CDSS、PSQI评分明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,研究组失眠显著少于对照组（P〈0.01）.结论：舒肝解郁胶囊辅助治疗精神分裂症患者抑郁症状临床疗效显著,安全性好.     

齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症伴抑郁症状患者的临床疗效

目的分析齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症伴抑郁症状患者的临床疗效。方法将70例精神分裂症伴抑郁症状患者采用双盲法分为对照组(利培酮)和观察组(齐拉西酮),以治疗前、治疗2周、4周、8周后为观察时间点,记录阴性和阳性症状量表(PANSS)总分及减分率;记录卡尔加里精神分裂症抑郁量表(CDSS)分值、不良反应发生率;评估治疗前及治疗8周后患者的执行功能。结果治疗2、4、8周后观察组PANSS总分较对照组低,治疗4周后减分率较对照组高(P0.05);治疗2周及4周后观察组CDSS分值明显降低且低于对照组(P0.05);治疗8周后观察组随机错误次数显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组发生率为42.86%,低于对照组的74.29%(P0.05)。结论齐拉西酮和利培酮均能有效治疗精神分裂症,前者近期效果更好;齐拉西酮治疗抑郁效果更优且能改善患者执行功能,用药安全性更好。     

慢性期男性精神分裂症患者血清IL-6、IL-10与社会功能的关联研究*

目的：探讨慢性期男性精神分裂症患者血清白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、IL-10水平与社会功能状况,以及它们之间的相关性。方法：选取无锡市精神卫生中心慢性期男性精神分裂症患者62例和正常对照60例,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale, PANSS)评估患者的精神症状;采用住院精神病患者社会功能评定量表(scale of social function in psychosis in patients, SSPI)和社会适应量表(social-adaptive functioning evaluation, SAFE)评定患者的社会功能。使用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测所有受试者的血清IL-6、IL-10水平。结果：精神分裂症组血清IL-6水平高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),血清IL-10水平低于正常对照组(P＜0.01)。精神分裂症组IL-10与SSPI量表得分呈正相关(r=0.23, P=0.01),与SAFE量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.20, P=0.04),与PANSS量表阴性症状分呈负相关(r=-0.22, P=0.02);IL-6与社会功能、PANSS量表无相关性。结论：慢性期男性精神分裂症患者存在免疫功能异常,而IL-10可能是精神分裂症社会功能的一种潜在的生物学指标。     

氨磺必利与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效对比

目的对比分析氨磺必利与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法选取研究对象随机分为两组,研究组和对照组分别使用氨磺必利和利培酮;对比两组的疗效。结果两组患者的治疗有效率没有明显差异(P 0.05);对照组的PANSS阳性减分、PANSS阴性减分、PANSS总减分以及CDSS减分均明显低于研究组,两组间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氨磺必利与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症都有效,但是氨磺必利对阴性症状以及抑郁的治疗更好。     

血浆褪黑素水平与抑郁症抑郁发作的关系

目的探讨血浆褪黑素水平与抑郁症抑郁发作的关系。方法取54例未服药抑郁症患者(未服药组)、96例正服药抑郁症患者(服药组)与90例正常志愿者(对照组)肘静脉血3 mL,采用放射免疫法对血浆中的褪黑素水平进行测定。结果未服药组血浆褪黑素水平低于对照组(F=7.746,P=0.026),但与服药组比较差异无统计学意义(F=1.039,P=0.971);服药组血浆褪黑素水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(F=6.706,P=0.053)。结论抑郁发作时血浆褪黑素水平下降,抗抑郁药物对血浆褪黑素水平的影响尚不能肯定。     

精神分裂症患者不同阶段血清IL-1β、IL-16水平与阴性症状相关性研究

目的 探究首发精神分裂症患者、复发精神分裂症患者和健康人群血清炎症因子的差异性以及精神分裂症患者血清炎症因子与阴性症状的相关性,为临床干预提供参考依据。方法 该研究共纳入就诊的首发精神分裂症患者86例(首发组)、复发精神分裂症患者80例(复发组)和健康对照人群82例(对照组),分析三组间血清炎症因子的差异性及患者组(首发组、复发组)血清炎症因子与阴性症状的相关性。结果 三组间血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β水平、IL-16比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间比较首发组血清IL-1β明显高于复发组和对照组(P<0.05),首发组和复发组血清IL-16明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。首发组血清IL-1β与阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)中一般精神病理量表因子分呈负相关(P<0.05),复发组血清IL-16与PANSS量表的阴性症状量表因子分呈正相关(P<0.05)。IL-16水平可能是影响首发组和复发组发病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 精神分裂症患者与健康人群血清IL-1β、IL-16水平存在差异。复发精神分裂症患者血清IL-16水平与阴性症...     

精神分裂症与抑郁症患者血清胆碱酯酶水平变化的探讨

目的 探讨精神分裂症与抑郁症患者血清胆碱酯酶(ChE)水平变化的差异.方法 对首次发病的68例精神分裂症患者与50例抑郁症患者分别于入院第2天、治疗后第12周检测血清ChE水平,并与70例健康体检者进行对比分析.对精神分裂症患者采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、抑郁症患者采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效.结果 治疗前精神分裂症、抑郁症、健康对照组平均血清ChE水平分别为(9 061.06±2 284.88)、(6 114.35±1 949.44)、(8 286.75±1 744.95)U/L,精神分裂症与抑郁症患者组间血清ChE水平比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),精神分裂症患者血清ChE水平高于健康对照组,抑郁症患者血清ChE水平低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).治疗后精神分裂症患者血清ChE水平为(7 998.34±2 099.31)U/L,较治疗前下降;抑郁症组血清ChE水平为(7 427.37±1 826.13)U/L,较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).精神分裂症组治疗后PANSS量表阳性症状分、阴性症状分、精神病理分及总分较治疗前均有不同程度减少,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);抑郁症组治疗后HAMD量表评分较治疗前减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者血清ChE水平明显升高,抑郁症患者明显降低,经治疗后两组血清ChE水平均有不同程度的恢复.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.