缺氧复氧对IEC-6肠上皮细胞膜电位的影响及紫芪方的保护作用

目的观察缺氧复氧对IEC-6肠上皮细胞线粒体膜电位的影响,探讨抗休克复方中药-紫芪方对IEC-6肠上皮细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用机制。方法建立IEC-6细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型;采用血清药理学方法,在细胞培养液中加入不同给药剂量获取的“紫芪方”药物血清(分别以10、20g·kg-1分为1次给药和间隔1h、2次给药,DJ-1,SJ-2);参附药物血清(间隔1h,2次给药20g·kg-1SF)及生理氯化钠血清(S)。采用紫外分光光度分析法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量,以及采用激光共聚焦显微镜测定线粒体膜电位(MMP)变化。结果IEC-6细胞缺氧复氧损伤后,可致细胞LDH的漏出量明显升高,线粒体膜电位明显降低。紫芪方药物血清明显减轻上述损伤,与对照组比较,SJ-2组制备的药物血清能明显减少IEC-6细胞LDH的漏出量(P<0.01);并具有保护IEC-6肠上皮细胞线粒体膜电位的作用(P<0.01)。结论缺氧复氧可导致IEC-6肠上皮细胞LDH漏出量升高和线粒体膜电位降低,“紫芪方”药物血清可减少细胞LDH漏出量及保护线粒体膜电位,从而发挥细胞的保护作用。     

预缺氧对PC12细胞缺氧后细胞内游离Ca^2＋的影响

目的：建立PC12细胞预缺氧模型；观察预缺氧对PC12缺氧后细胞内游离Ca^2＋的影响。方法：PC12细胞分为对照组、缺氧组、预缺氧组。检测缺氧及预缺氧对PC12细胞LDH释放率的影响；采用荧光分光光度法，检测PC12细胞内游离Ca^2＋浓度和PC12细胞线粒体膜电位的变化。结果：①缺氧组LDH释放率和细胞内游离Ca^2＋浓度比对照组显著升高（P〈0．01），而线粒体膜电位显著低于对照组；②预缺氧组LDH释放率和细胞内游离Ca^2＋浓度显著低于缺氧组（P〈0．01），线粒体膜电位显著高于缺氧组。结论：预缺氧对PC12细胞的缺氧损伤具有保护作用，其机制可能与减轻缺氧时细胞内的游离Ca^2＋浓度与稳定线粒体膜电位有关。     

金钠多对缺氧所致内皮细胞内钙离子浓度和线粒体膜电位改变保护作用的研究

目的：观察缺氧对血管内皮细胞[Ca^2＋]i和线粒体膜电位的变化及金钠多的保护作用。方法：血管内皮细胞分为6组，用激光共聚焦显微镜测量各组细胞内[Ca^2＋]i和线粒体膜电位。结果：①单纯缺氧组同对照组比较细胞内[Ca^2＋]i明显升高（P〈0．01）、线粒体膜电位明显降低（P〈0．01）；②缺氧加金钠多组同单纯缺氧组比较[Ca^2＋]i显著降低（P〈0．01）、线粒体膜电位显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：缺氧可导致血管内皮细胞[Ca^2＋]i升高、线粒体膜电位降低；金钠多对缺氧所致的[Ca^2＋]i和线粒体膜电位的损伤具有保护作用。     

Rg1对失血性休克大鼠肠上皮细胞保护作用的实验研究

目的观察失血性休克对大鼠肠黏膜组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、细胞线粒体膜电位、大鼠存活情况、肠上皮黏膜组织病理改变的影响，探讨人参皂苷单体Rg1对大鼠肠道损伤的保护作用及机制。方法采用失血性休克大鼠模型，紫外分光法测定各组动物处理后肠黏膜组织中SOD活性、MDA含量、LDH活力；以激光共聚焦显微镜检测肠上皮细胞线粒体膜电位的变化；观察各组动物存活情况及肠黏膜组织病理形态改变。结果失血性休克导致实验大鼠肠黏膜组织SOD活性显著降低、MDA含量显著升高、LDH活力显著降低、线粒体膜电位显著降低（P〈0．01）。Rg1治疗显著提高肠黏膜组织中SOD活性、降低MDA含量、提高LDH活力；稳定肠上皮细胞线粒体膜电位（P〈0．01），显著改善动物存活情况及病理形态改变。结论Rg1对失血性休克大鼠肠道上皮细胞损伤具有保护作用，其机制可能与抑制异常凋亡、抗脂质过氧化、保护线粒体功能及结构完整有关。     

人参皂苷Rg1和丹参酮ⅡA配伍对缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

目的探讨复方丹参方中两种主要有效成分人参皂苷Rg1和丹参酮ⅡA不同剂量配伍组合对缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用。方法利用原代培养心肌细胞,采用缺氧-复氧模型造成细胞损伤,通过检测细胞活性、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）渗漏评价保护作用;检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性评价细胞内抗氧化状态。结果人参皂苷Rg1（120μmol/L）和丹参酮ⅡA（4μmol/L）单体,人参皂苷Rg1与丹参酮ⅡA两种单体配伍均可以明显增加缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞活性,组合效果优于单体单独用药。以人参皂苷Rg160μmol/L＋丹参酮ⅡA2μmol/L组合效果最佳。单体组合还可以减轻缺氧-复氧诱导心肌损伤的LDH渗漏,升高SOD活性。结论人参皂苷Rg1与丹参酮ⅡA两种单体配伍对缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞具有明显的保护作用,其抗氧化损伤机制可能部分是通过升高SOD酶活性实现的。     

胡椒碱对过氧化氢损伤大鼠心肌线粒体的保护作用及机制研究

目的研究胡椒碱抗心肌抗缺血、增强耐缺氧能力及心肌保护作用的机制。方法采用过氧化氢损伤大鼠心肌线粒体模型,观察胡椒碱对心肌线粒体中谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）、ATP酶和门冬氨基转移酶（AST）的影响。结果过氧化氢损伤后,大鼠心肌线粒体中MDA水平升高,GSH含量降低,Na^＋K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性降低,AST活性升高,而胡椒碱可以抑制MDA生成、增加AST活性,提高GSH含量并增强Na^＋K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性。结论胡椒碱可能是通过升高心肌线粒体GSH,降低MDA及增加Na^＋K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性来实现其心肌保护作用。     

rrBMP-7基因对缺氧复氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

目的 探讨骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)基因对缺氧复氧损伤后心肌细胞的保护作用.方法 将体外培养的乳大鼠心肌细胞分为3组:对照组(C组);缺氧复氧组(HR组):将培养的心肌细胞缺氧120min,复氧240min;转染组(BT组):将重组鼠BMP-7质粒转染心肌细胞后,再缺氧120min/复氧240min.每组重复8次.心肌细胞损伤程度以心肌细胞搏动功能评定、台盼蓝摄取率和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)活性来表示,同时检测心肌细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.通过荧光成像技术检测各组心肌细胞内钙含量的变化.结果 与C组比较,HR组心肌细胞LDH、CPK含量显著增高,台盼蓝摄取率增加,SOD活性和细胞搏动频率显著下降,MDA和钙离子含量显著增高.与HR组比较,BT组心肌细胞台盼蓝摄取率降低,LDH活性减低,SOD活性增高,MDA含量下降,细胞内钙离子含量降低.结论 BMP-7转染可对抗缺氧复氧对心肌细胞的损伤,其机制与提高心肌细胞抗氧化损伤能力,对抗缺氧复氧引起的细胞内钙超载有关.     

胡黄连提取物对缺氧复氧后肾小管上皮细胞氧化损伤的作用

目的研究胡黄连提取物对缺氧复氧后肾小管上皮细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法采用肾小管上皮细胞建立缺氧复氧损伤模型（分别缺氧0.5、1、2 h）,取缺氧2 h组分别用不同浓度胡黄连提取物（10、100、1000μg/ml）进行预处理,采用流式细胞术检测不同组细胞凋亡及细胞内氧化应激水平。结果正常情况下肾小管上皮细胞内氧化应激水平非常低,可见极少量凋亡细胞和死亡细胞,与正常对照组相比,各缺氧复氧组细胞内氧化应激水平提高（P〈0.05）,凋亡细胞和死亡细胞数量明显增多（P〈0.05）,且随缺氧时间的延长,细胞内氧化应激水平逐渐升高（P〈0.05）,凋亡细胞和死亡细胞数量逐渐增多（P〈0.05）。与单纯缺氧复氧组相比,不同浓度胡黄连提取物呈剂量关系抑制细胞内氧化应激水平（P〈0.05）,同时呈剂量关系减少凋亡细胞和坏死细胞的数量（P〈0.05）。结论胡黄连提取物可以通过抑制细胞内氧化应激减少肾小管上皮细胞缺氧复氧后细胞凋亡和坏死。     

＋Gz重复暴露对大鼠多脏器脂质过氧化作用的影响

观察重复＋Cz作用下大鼠肺,心,肝,肾等脏器丙二醛（MDA）含量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性以及心,肾线粒体MDA含量,SOD活性,还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量的变化。将雄性Wistar大鼠20只随机分为两组（n=10): 1Gz组,＋10Gz组。离心机暴露条件：＋G增长速率0．5G／秒,峰值持续时间30秒,间隔1分钟,5次／日,3日／周,共3周。末次离心机暴露后次日,将大鼠断头处死,于冰浴上速取肺,心,肝,肾制备匀浆及心,肾线粒体。检测MDA,GSH的含量及SOD活性。表明与＋1Gz组比,重复＋10Gz暴露后,心肌线粒体MDA含量明显增加（P＜0．01）,肝匀浆及肾线粒体SOD活性明显降低（P＜0．01）,而心,肾线粒体GSH含量无明显变化。重复＋10Gz暴露3周后,导致了心肌线粒体的脂质过氧化损伤,对肝匀浆,肾线粒体氧自由基代谢也产生了一定的影响。     

Apocynin对缺氧复氧后肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的干预研究

 目的 研究缺氧复氧后肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的表达及Apocynin对其影响.方法 选用人肾小管上皮细胞(HK2)建立缺氧复氧损伤模型,设正常对照组、单纯缺氧复氧组、不同浓度(0.05、0.25、0.5 mM)Apocynin干预组.流式细胞术检测细胞内氧化应激水平,检测细胞凋亡.结果 缺氧复氧后HK2细胞内氧化应激水平提高,HK2细胞凋亡和死亡细胞数量增多,且随缺氧时间的延长,细胞内氧化应激水平逐渐升高,凋亡细胞和死亡细胞数量逐渐增多;Apocynin呈剂量关系抑制细胞内氧化应激水平,同时呈剂量关系减少凋亡细胞和坏死细胞的数量.结论 缺氧复氧诱导细胞内氧化应激的产生,诱导HK2细胞凋亡和死亡;Apocynin可以通过抑制细胞内氧化应激,减少细胞和坏死细胞的数量.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.