Delayed appearance of coronary artery perforation following cutting balloon angioplasty.

Coronary artery perforation is a potential complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It usually develops immediately following PCI, particularly when an atheroablate device is used. We report a case in which coronary artery perforation developed 4 days after PCI with a nondebulking device, a cutting balloon catheter.     

切割球囊冠状动脉腔内成形术52例临床分析

目的　应用切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术并对其疗效进行评价。方法　对 5 2例冠心病患者的 63处病变行切割球囊扩张治疗 ,对其进行分析 ,并短期随访。结果　 63处血管直接切割球囊扩张治疗 ,成功率92 1% ,其中 9例完全闭塞性病变中 7例获得成功。 2例支架内再狭窄均扩张成功。 63处病变切割球囊扩张后安放支架 43个 (支架安放率 68 3 % ) ,2 0例单纯行切割球囊扩张术者残余狭窄为 0～ 2 0 % [平均为 ( 7 2±5 6) % ]。 1例患者术后出现心包填塞 ,无严重内膜撕裂、急性闭塞、急诊冠脉架桥术及急性心肌梗死发生。随访6～ 12个月 ,1例单纯行切割球囊扩张术患者于术后 1月出现心绞痛 ,经冠脉造影证实为再狭窄。其他患者随访期间无心脏事件发生。结论　切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术安全、有效 ,短期疗效良好     

Significance of balloon imprint during coronary angioplasty.

Balloon imprint during angioplasty is often seen, but not at all inflations. We prospectively studied 235 consecutive patients undergoing 282 PTCAs during a 4-month period, who were divided into two groups: those with balloon imprint during inflation (159 patients, 190 lesions; 67%) and those without (76 patients, 92 lesions; 33%). Clinical and lesion characteristics and immediate outcome were compared. Patients undergoing urgent PTCA had less balloon imprint than those undergoing nonurgent PTCA (14.2% vs. 28.3%; P < 0.005). Although not reaching statistical significance, younger patients and diabetic patients tended toward less balloon imprint (P < 0.06). Patients with observed imprint had less visible thrombus at lesion site (31.1% vs. 42.4%; P < 0.05), and a tendency without statistical significance toward more dissections but less acute closure was observed (P < 0.07). In addition, more stents were implanted in the imprint group (79.5% vs. 66.3%; P < 0.02). Patients needing pressure > 6 atm to break the imprint had more eccentric lesions (68% vs. 27.1%; P < 0.000) and more dissections (13.9% vs. 5.1%; P < 0.03) than those needing lower pressure. Patient and lesion characteristics may determine the appearance of balloon imprint at PTCA, which in turn influences the procedure and its immediate outcome. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:331-333.     

切割球囊冠状动脉腔内成形术102例

目的　应用切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术并对其疗效进行评价。方法　对 10 2例冠心病患者的 116处病变行切割球囊扩张治疗 ,对其进行分析 ,并短期随访。结果　 116处病变血管直接切割球囊扩张治疗 ,成功率 94 %,结合普通小球囊预扩张后其成功率为 97%。 16例支架内再狭窄均扩张成功。 116处病变切割球囊扩张后安放支架 72个 (支架安放率 6 2 %) ,4 4例单纯行切割球囊扩张术者残余狭窄为 0～ 2 0 %[平均为 (11 6± 5 9) %]。 1例患者术后出现心包填塞 ,1例发生严重内膜撕裂。无急性闭塞、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植手术及急性心肌梗死发生。随访 1～ 2 0月 (平均 11 2月 ) ,10 (9 8%)例患者于术后出现心绞痛。其他患者随访期间无心脏事件发生。 12例病人复查冠脉造影 ,其中 3例发生再狭窄。结论　切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术安全、有效 ,短期疗效良好。     

Coronary artery perforation during coronary angioplasty

In one patient percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was complicated by coronary artery perforation of the left anterior descending coronary artery with light pericardial effusion. The outcome was favorable without either pericardiocentesis or emergency surgery.     

Coronary vessel perforation during balloon angioplasty: A case report

Coronary perforation can be managed with prolonged balloon inflations, covered stents, or embolization of the vessel. We report on a case of a balloon-induced perforation of the distal left anterior descending artery, that was sealed by injecting preclotted autologous blood through the balloon catheter lumen at the site of the perforation. The patency of the distal vessel was maintained. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45:417–420, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Conservative management of guidewire coronary artery perforation with pericardial effusion during angioplasty for acute inferior myocardial infarction

A wire perforation of a totally occluded right coronary artery was treated successfully with prolonged balloon inflation. This non-surgical management is preferred if physiologic and anatomic conditions are suitable. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Unexpected coronary vasospasm of a contralateral artery during balloon angioplasty

It is unusual for coronary vasospasm to develop following angioplasty of a coronary vascular lesion that is located elsewhere. We experienced a rare case of shock with vasospasm of the right coronary artery in a patient following balloon angioplasty performed for stent restenosis of the left anterior descending artery.     

Coronary perforation during angioplasty: Angiographic detection and demonstration of complete healing

A patient is presented with localized perforation of the left anterior descending artery secondary to angioplasty balloon rupture. Despite a remarkable angiographic picture of coronary tear and dye extravasation into the surrounding pericardial tissue, the patient remained hemodynamically stable, and was medically treated. Five years later she redeveloped angina, and repeated coronary arteriography revealed complete healing of the perforation site. This case attests to the remarkable ability of the coronary artery to completely heal from a major wall trauma. Although a rare complication of coronary angioplasty, perforation can occur, and various management aspects should be considered.     

冠状动脉开口病变切割球囊成形术的预后

目的　评价切割球囊冠状动脉腔内成行术治疗开口病变的安全性及疗效。方法　 5 2例冠心病患者 5 2处开口病变行切割球囊扩张治疗 ,对其进行分析并短期临床随访。结果 5 2例病变血管直接切割球囊扩张治疗成功率98% ,切割球囊扩张后残余狭窄程度 (18.2± 17.1) % ,术终残余狭窄程度 (16 .8± 11.5 ) %。 1例对角支扩张后出现严重内膜撕裂安放支架 ,无急性闭塞、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术及急性心肌梗死发生。随访期间无心脏事件发生。结论　切割球囊冠状动脉腔内成行术治疗冠状动脉开口病变安全、疗效良好。     

Applications of a novel balloon catheter during coronary angioplasty

A new balloon catheter design utilizing multiple polymeric materials to produce noncompliant balloon ends and a compliant central portion has recently been released. We describe two cases, a discrete fibrotic lesion and final dilation of an intracoronary stent, in which this novel balloon catheter has potential advantages during coronary angioplasty. We conclude that this device may be useful in avoiding proximal or distal vessel dissection during high-pressure balloon inflations. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 40:207–209, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Sequential vs. kissing balloon angioplasty for stenting of bifurcation coronary lesions.

Coronary angioplasty of bifurcation lesions remains a technical challenge and is believed to result in low procedural success associated with the risk of side-branch occlusion. Furthermore, long-term results are associated with a high rate of reintervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term clinical and angiographic results of sequential vs. simultaneous balloon angioplasty (kissing balloon technique) for stenting of bifurcation coronary lesions. Between December 1999 and January 2001, 59 patients underwent coronary angioplasty because of symptomatic bifurcation lesions type III (i.e., side branch originates from within the target lesion of the main vessel, and both main and side branch are angiographically narrowed more than 50%). Twenty-six patients were treated with simultaneous and 33 patients with sequential balloon angioplasty. Main-vessel stent placement was mandatory; side-branch stenting and platelet IIb/IIIa antagonists were allowed at the discretion of the operator. Kissing balloon technique offered no advantage in terms of procedural success or need for repeat target vessel revascularization due to restenosis at 6-month follow-up. Using sequential balloon angioplasty, permanent or transient side-branch compromise rate (TIMI flow < 3) was significantly higher than after kissing balloon technique (33% vs. 0%, respectively; P = 0.003). Major clinical events in-hospital or at 6-month follow-up, however, showed no significant differences. Kissing balloon angioplasty reduces the rate of transient side-branch occlusion compared to sequential PTCA but does not improve immediate or long-term outcome compared to sequential PTCA for stenting of bifurcation lesions.     

切割球囊临床应用的有效性和安全性评价

目的 探讨切割球囊临床应用的安全性和有效性。方法 对131例患者142处狭窄病变进行切割球囊或切割球囊＋支架治疗。结果 142处狭窄病变行切割球囊治疗中4次失败，成功率为97.2%。切割球囊治疗支架内再狭窄、开口部病变、分叉病变和小血管弥漫性病变以及其他类型病变各为69处、16处、19处、7处和27处，7例切割球囊扩张后发生内膜撕裂，均为A型夹层，发生率为5.3%，术中无死亡和急性心肌梗死及其他严重血管并发症发生。失败原因与病变严重钙化以及切割球囊不能达到或通过狭窄部位有关。结论 切割球囊临床应用是安全面有效的。     

Clinical events following excimer laser angioplasty or balloon angioplasty for complex coronary lesions: subanalysis of a randomised trial

Objectives—To compare clinical outcome in patients with complex coronary lesions treated with either excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) or balloon angioplasty.
Patients and design—308 patients with stable angina and a coronary lesion of more than 10 mm in length were randomised to ELCA (151 patients, 158 lesions) or balloon angioplasty (157 patients, 167 lesions). The primary clinical end points were death, myocardial infarction, coronary bypass surgery, or repeated coronary angioplasty of the randomised segment during six months of follow up. Subanalysis was performed to identify a subgroup of patients with a beneficial clinical outcome following ELCA or balloon angioplasty.
Setting—Two university hospitals and one general hospital.
Results—There were no deaths. Myocardial infarction, coronary bypass surgery, and repeated angioplasty occurred in 4.6, 10.6, and 21.2%, respectively, of patients treated with ELCA compared with 5.7, 10.8, and 18.5%, respectively, of those treated with balloon angioplasty. ELCA did not yield a favourable clinical outcome in subgroups of patients with long (more than 20 mm) coronary lesions, calcified lesions, small diseased vessels (2.5 mm reference diameter), or total coronary occlusions. There was a worse clinical outcome in patients with tandem lesions treated with ELCA compared with balloon angioplasty (9/18 v 3/26 lesions; p = 0.01); while a trend towards an unfavourable clinical outcome was found in patients with vessels with a reference diameter of more than 2.5 mm (23/66 v 13/63 lesions, p = 0.07) and left circumflex coronary lesions (12/41 v 6/42 lesions, p = 0.08).
Conclusions—The findings indicate a worse clinical outcome in patients with lesions of more than 10 mm treated with ELCA compared with balloon angioplasty who have tandem coronary lesions and in those with vessels with a reference diameter of more than 2.5 mm and left circumflex coronary lesions.

Keywords: excimer laser angioplasty; laser assisted balloon angioplasty; balloon angioplasty; randomised trial; interventional cardiology     

Hugging balloon angioplasty of right coronary artery

We report a case of “hugging balloon” dilatation of a giant right coronary artery using two dilatation catheters, a balloon “on a wire” and a balloon “rapid exchange” systems via a single guiding catheter. The necessity of larger PTCA balloon catheter (>4.0 mm) was stressed.     

切割球囊经皮腔内冠状动脉血管成形术治疗对角支开口病变47例

目的评价切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗对角支开口病变的疗效和安全性。方法对47例冠心病病人行切割球囊扩张手术并随访3～6个月。结果直接切割球囊扩张治疗47例病变血管,全部成功。切割球囊扩张后残余狭窄程度(20±17)%,术终残余狭窄程度(17±12)%。1例扩张后出现明显撕裂需要安放支架。无急性闭塞而需急诊行冠状动脉旁路移植术及急性心肌梗死发生。随访期间无发生心脏事件。结论切割球囊行冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗对角支开口病变疗效良好、安全。     

Evaluation of the long-term functional outcome assessed by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy following excimer laser angioplasty compared to balloon angioplasty in longer coronary lesions

Objectives: Evaluation of the long-term functional outcome assessed by exercise myocardial perfusion imaging following excimer laser angioplasty compared to balloon angioplasty in coronary lesions >10 mm in length. Background: Previous randomized studies evaluating the effect of coronary interventions mainly focused on the long-term clinical and angiographic outcome. The functional outcome, assessed by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, has not been evaluated in a randomized setting. Methods: A total of 308 patients with stable angina and a longer coronary lesion (>10 mm) were randomized to excimer laser angioplasty or balloon angioplasty. A ^99mTechnetium-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study was performed in 139 patients before the initial angioplasty procedure and at 6 months follow-up (73 patients in the laser group versus 66 patients in the balloon group, respectively). Exercise tolerance at follow-up was compared to baseline values by means of exercise duration and double product at peak exercise. Myocardial perfusion of the randomized vascular bed was assessed semi-quantitatively on the MIBI SPECT images. The reversible defects were graded as mild, moderate or severe. Myocardial perfusion at follow-up was expressed as a percentage reduction in incidence and grading of the reversible defects compared to baseline values. Results: Forty-four (61%) patients assigned to laser angioplasty were asymptomatic at 6 months follow-up compared to 34 (52%) patients assigned to balloon angioplasty (p = NS). Improvement in exercise duration and double product were 0.7 ± 2.1 min and 4.3 ± 6.2 min/mmHg/1000, respectively, in the laser group, versus 0.3 ± 2.5 min and 3.1 ± 5.5 min/mmHg/1000, respectively, in the balloon group (both p = NS). The percentage reduction of reversible defects was 23% in patients assigned to laser angioplasty vs. 29% in patients assigned to balloon angioplasty (Relative risk [RR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.57; p = 0.50). The mild, moderate and severe reversible defects improved in 44.4, 63.6 and 66.6%, respectively, in the laser angioplasty group vs. 66.6, 53.8 and 90%, respectively, in the balloon angioplasty group. None of the comparisons were significantly different. Conclusion: Excimer laser angioplasty compared to balloon angioplasty in coronary lesions >10 mm in length yields a similar long-term functional outcome assessed by anginal status, exercise tolerance and myocardial perfusion.     

Novel economic treatment for coronary wire perforation: A case report

BACKGROUNDCoronary artery perforation is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), however if recognized and managed promptly, its adverse consequences can be minimized. Risk factors include the use of advanced PCI technique (such as atherectomy and chronic total occlusion interventions) and treatment of severely calcified lesions. Large vessel perforation is usually treated with implantation of a covered stent, whereas distal and collateral vessel perforations are usually treated with embolization of coils, fat, thrombin, or collagen. We describe a novel and cost-effective method of embolisation using a cut remnant of a used angioplasty balloon that was successful in sealing a distal wire perforation. we advocate this method as a simple method of managing distal vessel perforation.CASE SUMMARYA 73-year-old male with previous coronary Bypass graft operation and recurrent angina on minimal exertion had undergone rotablation and PCI to his dominant left circumflex. At the end of the procedure there was evidence of wire perforation at the distal branch and despite prolonged balloon tamponade there continued to be extravasation and the decision was made to seal this perforation. A cut piece of an angioplasty balloon was used and delivered on the original angioplasty wire to before the perforation area and released which resulted in sealing of the perforation with no unwanted clinical consequences.CONCLUSIONThe use of a balloon remnant for embolization in coronary perforation presents a simple, efficient and cost-effective method for managing coronary perforations and may be an alternative for achieving hemostasis and preventing poor outcome. Prevention remains the most important part with meticulous attention to the distal wire position, particularly with hydrophilic wires.     

Local intramural drug delivery using an infusion balloon following angioplasty in normal and atherosclerotic vessels

Local intramural delivery of various pharmacologic agents following angioplasty has been proposed as a means of reducing restenosis. This study tested whether local intramural delivery of aqueous solutions using an infusion balloon could be accomplished safely in normal vessels and whether such infusion was safe following standard angioplasty in diseased vessels. Infusion of aqueous agents into normal canine arteries had no adverse effect. Infusion of several aqueous agents (≤4 cc at 4 atm) into diseased swine iliac arteries following balloon angioplasty did not worsen existing or create new dissections. Histologically, infusion treated vessels did not differ in either model from vessels treated with angioplasty alone. We conclude that local intramural drug infusion does not create new, or worsen existing, dissections produced during standard balloon angioplasty in diseased vessels.     

The reactivity of the contralateral artery at the time of balloon dilation during coronary angioplasty

The response of the contralateral arteries was investigatedduring balloon angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery.Thirty patients were studied. Coronary arteriograms were obtainedat baseline, during maximal balloon inflation and at the endof the procedure. Luminal diameter was measured by a quantitativecoronary arteriography analysis system. During balloon inflationthe luminal diameter of the proximal segment of the right coronaryartery increased by 24 ± 6% (P<0·05), and thatof the left circumflex artery increased by 0·6 ±6% (P=ns). Both returned to near baseline values after angioplasty.in patients with increased collaterals during balloon inflationthe left circumflex proximal segment increased more significantlythan in patients with unchanged collaterals. The luminal diameterof the distal segment of the right coronary artery increasedby 9 ± 8% (P<0·001) and that of the left circumflexartery by 8 ± 11% (P<0·01) during balloon inflation,returning to near baseline values after angioplasty. Thus, vasodilation of the contralateral arteries during ballooninflation at the time of coronary angioplasty occurs mainlyin the distal segments and appears to be related to an increasein collateral filling.