葡萄膜炎的临床类型及病因探讨

目的 探讨葡萄膜炎的临床类型、病因及其发病年龄和性别构成。 方法 对1996年1月至2001年12月，于中山眼科中心葡萄膜炎专科就诊的葡萄膜炎患者的资料进行回顾性分析，特别是按照解剖位置分类并结合病因分类方法，对葡萄膜炎的病因、类型进行探讨，并就发病的年龄和性别等因素进行分析讨论。 结果 各种类型葡萄膜炎患者共计1 214例，男698人，女516人，平均发病年龄34-43岁。其中前葡萄膜炎546例，占所有患者的44.98%；全葡萄膜炎530例，占43.66%；中间葡萄膜炎78例，占6.43%；后葡萄膜炎60例，占4.94%。能够确定病因或归于特定类型的患者共703例，占57.91%，其余为特发性患者511例。前葡萄膜炎中特发性患者最多，共316例占57.88%，其次为Fuchs综合征85例和关节强直性脊椎炎45例；全葡萄膜炎中最常见的类型为BehÇet病218例(41.13%)和Vogt-小柳原田综合征196例(36.98%)；中间和后葡萄膜炎均为特发性。 结论 葡萄膜炎多发于青壮年；男性患者整体上稍多于女性；常见类型为特发性前葡萄膜炎、BehÇet小柳原田综合征等；解剖位置结合病因进行分类是较为合理的葡萄膜炎分类方法。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 253-255)     

102例少年儿童葡萄膜炎临床分析

目的 观察分析少年儿童葡萄膜炎的病程、病因及并发症.方法 回顾分析102例少年儿童葡萄膜炎患者的临床资料.患儿年龄2.5～16.0岁,平均年龄11.9岁.均进行常规视力、裂隙灯显微镜、检眼镜检查以及相关实验室检查.根据国际葡萄膜炎研究组制定的根据解削位置分类的标准对疾病进行诊断、分类.回顾分析时,对患者发病眼别、复发情况、炎症部位、病因、并发症等临床资料进行归纳比较.结果 102例葡萄膜炎患儿共170只眼受累,双眼受累68例,占66.6%.前葡萄膜炎38例,占37.3%;中间葡萄膜炎19例,占18.6%;后葡萄膜炎10例,占9.8%;全葡萄膜炎35例,占34.3%.发病至就诊时间为5 d～2.4年,平均发病时间3.6个月,治疗及随访时间为2周～10余年.病因前3位为幼年慢性关节炎、Vogt-Koyanagi Harada综合征、Behcet病.36例患儿发生并发症,包括并发性白内障19例,继发性青光眼7例,角膜带状变性5例,虹膜前后粘连12例,继发性视网膜脱离1例,眼球萎缩2例.因幼年慢性关节炎全身和局部使用糖皮质激素出现双侧股骨头坏死而行双髋关节置换1例.有10例患儿出现2种以上并发症.结论 少年儿童葡萄膜炎病因复杂多样,症状多不典型,疾病过程迁延慢长,易出现并发症导致盲目产生.     

130例葡萄膜炎的临床分析

对我国西北地区130例葡萄膜炎患者的临床资料进行了分析，发现20~50岁的患者占82.3%.按解剖位置进行分类，前葡萄膜炎是最常见的类型，占86.15%；中间、全和后葡萄膜炎所占比例较少，分别占6.92%、3.85%和3.08%。葡萄膜炎最常见的病因和伴随的疾病是风湿性关节炎。根据我们分析的结果讨论了有关问题。 （中华眼底病杂志，1994，10：156-158）     

急性前葡萄膜炎215例临床分析

目的:分析并探讨急性前葡萄膜炎的病因、治疗效果、复发率及预后等问题。方法:对近5a在奉化人民医院眼科诊治的215例急性前葡萄膜炎进行详细病史采集、临床检查及各项辅助检查,观察其治疗效果及复发情况,对其病因、预后及复发率进行分析。结果:查找到病因者85例(39.5%),病因位列前三的是外伤或手术后急性前葡萄膜炎、病毒性前葡萄膜炎及青光眼睫状体炎综合征。治疗后最佳矫正视力≥1.0者153例(71.2%),0.5≤视力<1.0者55例(25.6%),0.3≤视力<0.5者4例(1.9%),0.05≤视力<0.3者2例(0.9%),视力<0.05者1例(0.5%)。所有病例在6mo以上的随访过程中,4～6mo内复发者4例(1.9%),7～12mo复发者7例(3.2%),13～24mo复发者10例(4.7%),25～60mo复发者3例(1.4%)。结论:急性前葡萄膜炎病因复杂,多为特发性,治疗后视力预后较好,但复发率高,反复发作影响视力,故应了解其复发特点,重预防,早治疗。     

前葡萄膜炎的临床诊治分析

目的 探讨前葡萄膜炎的临床特点、治疗效果、视力预后及诊治中存在的问题.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2001年1月至2007年6月期间在天津市眼科医院诊治的各类前葡萄膜炎患者478例,男性281例,女性197例;平均发病年龄(36±15)岁.通过详细临床检查、实验室检查和治疗观察,对其临床类型、疗效、并发症及视力预后进行分析.结果 急性前葡萄膜炎242例(50.6%),复发性前葡萄膜炎197例(41.2%),慢性前葡萄膜炎39例(8.2%).依据病因分为特发性前葡萄膜炎231例(48.3%),不伴有全身疾病的人类白细胞抗原-B27阳性葡萄膜炎76例(15.9%),病毒性葡萄膜炎52例(10.9%),合并强直性脊柱炎34例(7.1%),Fuchs综合征29例(6.1%),青光眼睫状体炎综合征24例(5.0%)及幼年性关节炎合并葡萄膜炎17例(3.6%).各种并发症发生率为31.6%(151例),轻度视力损害(低于0.5)发生率为11.1%(53例),中度和重度视力损害(低于0.3)为7.5%(36例),致肓率(低于0.05)为2.5%(12例).结论 前葡萄膜炎临床类型多样,特发性前葡萄膜炎、人类白细胞抗原-B27相关性前葡萄膜炎及病毒性前葡萄膜炎是常见类型,完善特异性实验室检查项目有助于病因诊断和给予适当治疗.     

650例前葡萄膜炎临床分析

目的探讨前葡萄膜炎的病因、类型、临床特点及预后。方法回顾性病例研究。分析2006年12月至2012年7月就诊于我院葡萄膜炎专科的650例前葡萄膜炎患者（856眼）的临床资料,根据病史、临床表现、合并全身性疾病、辅助检查及实验室检查等,对前葡萄膜炎的病因、临床特点、治疗效果及预后进行探讨。结果650例前葡萄膜炎患者（856眼）中单眼发病444例,双眼发病206例,男394例,女256例,男女比例为1．5：1;平均发病年龄（39．0±15．0）岁,20～50岁之间的青壮年患者占总病例的71．4％。急性期689眼,慢性期167眼。按病因主要分为特发性前葡萄膜炎（243例,37．4％）,不伴发全身关节病变的HLA—B27相关性前葡萄膜炎（123例,18．9％）,强直性脊柱炎（105例,16．2％）,Fuchs综合征（74例,11.4％）和病毒感染（44例,6．8％）。各种并发症发生率为39．5％,主要为并发性白内障（41．1％）和继发性青光眼（35．1％）。治疗后视力≥0．5者占75．4％,0．05～者占20．3％,〈0．05者占4-3％。结论前葡萄膜炎发病率高．病因复杂多样。易复发,如治疗不当将产生严重并发症。因此应对前葡萄膜炎患者进行详细、系统的检查,积极查因,从而指导临床治疗及预后。     

中国葡萄膜炎的临床类型及病因学(英文)

目的 探讨及分析中国葡萄膜炎患者的临床及病因分型 方法 回顾性分析了中山眼科中心葡萄膜炎诊室接诊的1200例(男性690例,女性510例)葡萄膜炎患者 根据解剖特点进行了临床分型 从病史,临床表现及实验室检查方面进行了病因分型 结果在1200例中,601例(50.1％)属前葡萄膜炎,454例(37.8％)属全葡萄膜炎,134例(11.2％)属中间葡萄膜炎,11例(0.9％)属后葡萄膜炎 病因查明者有616例(51.4％),包括伏格特— 小柳—原田综合瘙(252例,21.0％)。风湿性关节炎(156例,13.0％),白塞氏病(78例,6.5％),单纯疱疹病毒感染(40例,3.3％),富克斯异色性睫状体炎(25例,2.1％)及其它,结论 前葡萄膜炎,伏格物—小柳—原田综合症前葡萄膜炎,风湿性关节炎前葡萄膜炎及白塞氏病前葡萄膜炎分别是中国最见的解剖或病因类型。     

中國葡萄膜炎的臨床類型及病因學

目的探討及分析中國葡萄膜炎患者的臨床及病因分型.方法回顾性分析了中山眼科中心葡萄膜炎診室接診的1200例(男性690例,女性510例)葡萄膜炎患者.根據解剖特點進行了臨床分型.從病史,臨床表现及實驗室檢查方面進行了病因分型.結果在1200例中,601例(50.%)屬前葡萄膜炎,454例(37.8%)屬全葡萄膜炎,1 34例(11.2%)屬中間葡萄膜炎,11例(0.9%)屬後葡萄膜炎.病因查明者有616例(51.4%),包括伏格特-小柳-原田綜合癥(252例,21.0%),風濕性關節炎(156例,13.0%),白塞氏病(78例,6.5%),單純疱疹病毒感染(40例,3.3%),富克斯异色性睫状體炎(25例,2.1%)及其它.結論前葡萄膜炎,伏格特-小柳-原田综合癥前葡萄膜炎,風濕性關節炎前葡萄膜炎及白塞氏病前葡萄膜炎分别是中國最常見的解剖或病因類型.     

葡萄膜炎的临床分析

目的探讨葡萄膜炎的临床类型、病因和目前临床治疗方法。方法收集2008年2月至2011年11月我院眼科治疗门诊及病房收集的各类葡萄膜炎病例166例（236只眼）,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果在166例葡萄膜炎患者中,前葡萄膜炎90例,占54．22％;中间葡萄膜炎15例,占9．04％;后葡萄膜炎10例,占6．02％;全葡萄膜炎51例,占30．72％。能够确定病因99例,占59．64％,其余为特发性患者67例,占40．36％。出现并发症及合并症的有105例（63．25％）。采用糖皮质激素、散瞳、非甾体类消炎药及免疫抑制剂等综合治疗方案,积极治疗其并发症和合并症,患者治疗后视力明显提高。结论由于葡萄膜炎病因复杂,病程长,易复发,易致盲,易出现并发症,目前治疗仍较困难,视力康复不容乐观,若诊治及时葡萄膜炎所致的盲和低视力大多可防可治。     

不同类型葡萄膜炎患者致病原因分析

目的：分析不同类型葡萄膜炎患者的致病原因。
　　方法：选取2012-06/2015-06在我院进行诊治的葡萄膜炎患者60例120眼,所有患者均由同一葡萄膜炎专科医生,按照统一诊疗规范进行检查。依据国际葡萄膜炎研究定制的标准,将其分为：前葡萄膜炎、中葡萄膜炎、后葡萄膜炎、全葡萄膜炎。观察患者的年龄、性别、葡萄膜炎类型及患病原因。
　　结果：通过对患者的病因及临床类型分析,所选葡萄膜炎患者主要特发性26眼(21.7%)、VKH 综合征18眼(15.0%)、HLA-B27相关性14眼(11.7%)、病毒性12眼(10.0%)、Fuchs 综合征8眼(6.7%)、Behcet 病8眼(6.7%)、糖尿病6眼(5.0%)、梅毒6眼(5.0%)、青光眼睫状体综合症6眼(5.0%)、幼年型慢性关节炎4眼(3.3%)、交感性眼炎4眼(3.3%)、外伤性2眼(1.7%)、类肉瘤2眼(1.7%)、眼内炎2眼(1.7%)、其他2眼(1.7%);通过对不同葡萄膜炎的病因观察,前葡萄膜炎病因主要有特发性病例,其次是HLA-B27相关性、病毒性;全葡萄膜炎的治病原因中以VKH综合征、特发性病例和Behcet病为主;后葡萄膜炎主要是特发性病例,其次是病毒性感染;中间葡萄膜炎以特发性病例为主。
　　结论：通过对临床患者观察分析,葡萄膜炎患者男性多于女性;特发性、VKH 综合征、病毒性伴发的葡萄膜炎和Behcet病是其常见的葡萄膜炎类型。     

Uveitis: epidemiological aspects at the Hospital Laquintinie de Douala

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was carried out to determine the epidemiological characteristics of uveitis in our country. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 38 patients, of 5,420 consulted, presented with uveitis (0.7%). 13 of them were female and 25 were male. Their ages ranged from 10 to 17 years (mean 33.9 years). RESULTS: The uveitis was unilateral in 81.6% of the cases, and the anterior form was found in 51.1% of the cases. An etiology was identified or suspected for 24 patients (63.1%), the most frequent being sinusitis (45.8%) and toxoplasmosis (29.2%). The treatment was generally effective (status improved in 72.2%), although 2 patients (3 eyes) lost their vision. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In spite of the low frequency of this disease, ophthalmologists are concerned about uveitis because of the difficulty of its etiological diagnosis and its ineluctable evolution, sometimes to blindness.     

Global variation and pattern changes in epidemiology of uveitis

Uveitis, a complex intraocular inflammatory disease results from several etiological entities. Causes of uveitis are known to vary in different populations depending upon the ecological, racial and socioeconomic variations of the population studied. Tropical countries are unique in their climate, prevailing pathogens and in the existing diseases, which further influence the epidemiological and geographical distribution of specific entities. We provide an overview of the pattern of uveitis of 15221 cases in 24 case series reported from several countries over 35 years (1972-2007) and we integrate it with our experience of an additional 8759 cases seen over six years (1996-2001) at a large community-based eye hospital. Uveitis accounted for 0.8% of our hospital-based outpatient visits. The uveitis was idiopathic in 44.6%, the most commonly identified entities in the cohort included leptospiral uveitis (9.7%), tuberculous uveitis (5.6%) and herpetic uveitis (4.9%). The most common uveitis in children below 16 years (616 patients; 7.0% of the total cohort) was pediatric parasitic anterior uveitis, (182 children, 29.5% of the pediatric cohort), whereas the most common uveitis in patients above 60 years (642 patients; 7.3% of the total cohort) was herpetic anterior uveitis, (78 patients, 12.1% of the elderly cohort). Etiologies varied with the age group of the patients. As in other tropical countries, a high prevalence of infectious uveitis was seen in this population.     

Epidemiological characteristics of uveitis in Switzerland

Since January 1990, data from uveitis patients have been systematically stored in a computer data bank. During the period from January 1990 to March 1993, 435 new patients (185 female and 250 male, mean age 43 years; range 6–92) were seen at the Uveitis Clinic of the Hopital Jules Gonin. These 435 patients (630 eyes) were subdivided into anterior uveitis (268 patients — 62%), intermediate uveitis (47 patients — 11%), posterior uveitis (89 patients — 20%) and panuveitis (31 patients — 7%). The incidence of uveitis for the referral area considered was calculated to be 17 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. A specifie diagnosis was found in 312 cases (72%). The most frequently diagnosed entities were HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (67 cases — 15.4%), uveitis associated with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus (40 cases — 9.2%), toxoplasmosis (39 cases — 9%), typical pars planitis (29 cases — 6.7%), sarcoidosis (29 cases — 6.7%), Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (27 cases — 6.2%), herpetic anterior uveitis (21 cases — 4.8%) and acute retinal necrosis (11 cases — 2.5%). Incidence and distribution of most disease entities correspond to those of other European series.     

Uveitis and diabetes mellitus

Of 340 patients with anterior uveitis, 20 (6%) had diabetes mellitus. This is significantly higher than the prevalence of 1.4% in the normal Dutch population (P less than .001). Of 128 patients with idiopathic anterior uveitis, 16 (12.5%) had diabetes mellitus compared to only four (1.9%) of 212 patients with anterior uveitis with an established specific ocular diagnosis (P less than .001). Of the 16 diabetic patients with idiopathic anterior uveitis, ten (63%) had type I diabetes mellitus and 12 (75%) suffered from severe diabetic complications as angiopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The onset of diabetes mellitus preceded the onset of anterior uveitis in all cases. Whether or not uveitis in diabetic patients is a true inflammation rather than an ischemic phenomenon is still unknown.     

Uveitis in children: about 20 cases

INTRODUCTION: Uveitis in children is rare: 3%-8% of all cases. It requires the same diagnostic and etiological processes as uveitis in adults, with additional difficulties at examination and a sometimes insidious progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 20 cases of childhood uveitis from 1995 to 2000. All patients received an ophthalmologic examination and an etiological search, with specific and/or symptomatic treatment and follow-up lasting from 6 months to 5 years. RESULTS: The 20 children presenting uveitis were 4-16 years old, with etiologies as follows: 8 cases of Beh?et's disease, 2 cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease, 1 case of sarcoidosis, 1 case of uveitis associated with coeliac disease, 1 case of toxoplasmosis, 1 case of sympathetic ophthalmia, 1 case of uveitis with streptococcal infection, 3 cases of ocular toxocarosis, and 2 cases with unknown etiology. Treatment based on the etiological findings was started in the cases of toxoplasmosis and uveitis from streptococcal infection. The others were treated with high- and then digressive-doses of corticosteroids. ANALYSIS: We have noted the high incidence of Beh?et's disease in our series. Progression was marked by frequent recurrence for one case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's syndrome and one case of toxoplasmosis. This study also revealed a few cases of complicated cataract. DISCUSSION: Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of uveitis in children are discussed.