青少年Coats病的诊治和随访

目的 观察青少年Coats病的眼底表现、治疗效果及随诊情况.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集:1962至2006年,经眼底检查和荧光素眼底血管造影确诊为Coats病的24例(26只眼)患者临床资料进行分析.患者初诊年龄1～18岁,平均7岁;男件18例,女性6例;双眼2例(均为女性),单眼22例;10只右眼,16只左眼.根据患者眼底病情给予激光光凝、冷凝或联合玻璃体切除术治疗.随访时间1～44年,平均5年.结果 在26只患眼中,眼底有毛细血管扩张、视网膜动脉瘤、无灌注区及黄斑渗出者7只眼;合并有渗出性视网膜脱离者15只眼;晚期病变已无光感或濒于失明者4只眼.共有21只眼行激光治疗,10只眼眼底渗出和出血吸收,视网膜复位,视力增进,其中6只眼视力在0.8以上;共计10只眼行玻璃体切除术,其中6只眼曾行激光治疗,2只眼外加冷凝治疗,术后视力最佳为0.1.在治疗后的随诊中,有5例眼底又出现新的病变,及时补充激光治疗,保持了较好视力.24只眼中,有10只眼(42%)视力增加,12只眼(50%)视力未改变,2只眼(8%)视力减退.结论 青少年Coats病的病灶在周边,渗出性病变多累及黄斑部.若早期发现并及时予以激光治疗,患者预后视力较好,但需长期随诊,随访中如发现新病变需补充激光治疗.     

玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝治疗晚期Coats病

目的：探讨玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝治疗伴有广泛渗出性视网膜脱离的晚期Coats病的临床治疗效果。方法：伴有广泛渗出性视网膜脱离的晚期Coats病患13例(13眼)进行玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝治疗,其中并发性白内障同时行晶状体切除3眼。术后随访时间0．5～2a。观察术后视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况、视网膜血管改变及术后并发症。结果：术后3mo,13例患视网膜均复位,经FFA检查见异常扩张的血管逐渐闭塞和退缩;其中9眼最佳矫正视力均有不同程度提高,≥0．31眼,0．1～0．33眼,≤0．15眼;另有4眼术后视力没有明显变化。术后6和14mo时各有1例因血管渗漏致下方局限性渗出性视网膜脱离,经补行激光治疗后视网膜下液吸收,视网膜复位。结论：玻璃体切除硅油充填联合眼内光凝是治疗伴有广泛渗出性视网膜脱离的晚期Coats病的最为安全有效的方法。     

氩激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞57例临床分析

目的:分析57例氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion, RVO)的临床疗效。方法:随访我院57例被确诊为视网膜静脉阻塞并经氩激光光凝治疗后的患者,观察患者的视力、眼底改变以及并发症情况并评价氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的临床价值。激光治疗方法分为黄斑区格栅样光凝,局灶性视网膜光凝及全视网膜光凝。结果：经氩绿激光光凝治疗57例后3~6mo给予复查：末次随访视力提高23眼,视力无明显变化25眼,视力下降9眼;激光治疗后复查荧光素眼底血管造影 (观察视网膜毛细血管无灌注区面积变化及新生血管消退情况),治疗有效54眼, 3眼发展为新生血管性青光眼(NVG)。而激光光凝对于黄斑部晚期并发症无明显效果。结论：激光光凝治疗可提高中心视力,可促进视网膜水肿、出血、渗出的吸收,同时减少视网膜静脉阻塞引起的新生血管,对于预防并延缓增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变和继发性新生血管性青光眼的发生有明显效果。     

激光光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效观察

目的 探讨激光光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的临床疗效.方法 被确诊为视网膜分支静脉阻塞并经激光光凝治疗的患者37例(37眼),观察治疗前后的视力、眼底彩照及荧光素眼底血管造影(fluorescein fundus angiography, FFA)的变化和并发症,光凝术后3个月、6个月、12个月复查FFA,若发现无灌注区及新生血管未消退,给予追加光凝治疗.结果 视力提高27眼(72.97%),不变8眼(21.62%),降低2眼(5.41%).经1～3次光凝治疗后,FFA结果示黄斑水肿消退,无灌注区大部分消失,无新生血管形成.激光光凝治疗前有新生血管4眼,治疗后完全退缩.1眼在治疗8个月时发生玻璃体出血,12眼黄斑部有硬性渗出.结论 激光光凝治疗能促进出血、渗出的吸收,减轻黄斑水肿,保护视功能,降低新生血管形成,有效防止增生性玻璃体视网膜病变和预防继发性新生血管性青光眼等并发症的发生.     

晚期Coats病临床治疗探讨

目的　探讨晚期Coats病药物治疗和手术治疗的效果。方法　研究对象为1999年～2 0 0 4年间在我院经FFA确诊为晚期Coats病的患者共7例(7眼) ,平均年龄为14岁±5 . 8岁。7眼均有渗出性视网膜全脱离,3眼并发新生血管性青光眼。3例予以全身和局部激素以及活血化淤等药物治疗后,视网膜平复,行激光光凝术;另4眼予以玻璃体切割、视网膜切开、眼内激光光凝和硅油充填术。手术的4眼均未行硅油取出术。平均随访8 5个月。结果　药物治疗的3眼:在疗程的第12周～16周,视网膜下液逐渐吸收,2眼视网膜近完全平复,视力提高到0. 0 2以上。手术治疗的4眼:视网膜基本平复,视力无改善,术后周边视网膜均有增殖膜形成,其中并发新生血管性青光眼的3眼眼压均控制在10～15mmHg ,虹膜新生血管基本消退。结论　晚期Coats病的治疗需个体化方案。药物治疗和手术治疗均可减少视网膜下的渗出。玻璃体手术联合眼内光凝对并发新生血管性青光眼的Coats病的眼压控制有效,对视功能的恢复无益     

倍频532nm激光治疗视网膜血管性疾病所致黄斑水肿

目的:探讨倍频532nm激光治疗视网膜血管性疾病所致黄斑水肿的临床效果。方法:对89例112眼视网膜血管性疾病所致黄斑水肿患者(糖尿病性视网膜病变53例75眼,视网膜静脉阻塞34例35眼,Coats病1例1眼,旁中心凹视网膜毛细血管扩张症1例1眼),采用倍频532nm激光行黄斑区局部或格栅样光凝治疗黄斑部的局部或弥漫性水肿。术后随访1a观察患者黄斑水肿消退情况和视力变化。结果:光凝治疗后视力提高者21眼(18.7%),不变者84眼(75.0%),下降者7眼(6.3%)。光凝后黄斑水肿完全吸收40眼(35.7%),部分吸收60眼(53.6%),无吸收12眼(10.7%)。且局限性黄斑水肿的治疗效果优于弥漫水肿及囊样水肿(P<0.01)。结论:倍频532nm激光光凝术是治疗视网膜血管性疾病所致黄斑水肿的有效、安全方法。     

氩激光治疗各期Coats病的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨氩激光治疗在各期Coats病的临床疗效。方法:对14例(15眼)经眼科临床确诊的Coats病患者,采用氩激光光凝治疗,治疗后经3~80mo随访,对比分析治疗前后的眼底血管荧光造影及视力情况。结果:激光治疗有效11眼(73%),无效4眼(27%);视力提高5眼,视力无变化8眼,视力下降2眼。结论:氩激光治疗在各期Coats病效果肯定,特别是早期病变光凝治疗效果良好。     

氩激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞57例

目的:分析57例氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion, RVO)的临床疗效。方法:随访我院57例被确诊为视网膜静脉阻塞并经氩激光光凝治疗后的患者,观察患者的视力、眼底改变以及并发症情况并评价氩激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的临床价值。激光治疗方法分为黄斑区格栅样光凝,局灶性视网膜光凝及全视网膜光凝。结果:经氩绿激光光凝治疗57例后3～6mo给予复查:末次随访视力提高23眼,视力无明显变化25眼,视力下降9眼;激光治疗后复查荧光素眼底血管造影 (观察视网膜毛细血管无灌注区面积变化及新生血管消退情况),治疗有效54眼, 3眼发展为新生血管性青光眼(NVG)。而激光光凝对于黄斑部晚期并发症无明显效果。结论:激光光凝治疗可提高中心视力,可促进视网膜水肿、出血、渗出的吸收,同时减少视网膜静脉阻塞引起的新生血管,对于预防并延缓增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变和继发性新生血管性青光眼的发生有明显效果。     

间接检眼镜下激光光凝治疗青少年型Coats病

目的 探讨间接检眼镜下激光光凝治疗青少年型Coats病的效果和预后。方法 临床检查确诊为青少年型Coats病患儿19例19只眼纳入研究。首诊年龄27.0～146.0个月,平均年龄73.5个月。最佳矫正视力（BCVA）≥0.1者7 只眼;0.01～0.09者8只眼;数指3只眼;光感1只眼。所有患眼渗出均累及黄斑。黄斑渗出性视网膜脱离3只眼;黄斑下纤维化4只眼;黄斑轻度萎缩1只眼。渗出范围大于2个象限17只眼;小于2个象限2只眼。所有患眼均可见不规则扩张、纡曲、纽结的异常血管。其中,异常血管位于正上方或鼻上方2只眼;位于颞侧或颞下方17只眼。渗出性视网膜脱离13只眼。其中,未累及黄斑10只眼;累及黄斑3只眼。在全身麻醉下,应用双目间接检眼镜激光输出系统对异常的视网膜血管及伴明显渗漏的视网膜进行激光光凝。渗出性视网膜脱离范围广、脱离高度高者合并玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德2 mg 3只眼。治疗后6～51个月内随访视力、视网膜异常血管消退、视网膜下渗出吸收以及渗出性视网膜脱离复位的情况。结果 行玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德2 mg治疗的3只眼,异常血管明显消退、渗出明显减少,但因并发白内障,行白内障摘除手术1只眼;出现黄斑前增生膜,行前膜剥除术1只眼。随访期末,所有患眼异常血管均消退。黄斑外渗出完全吸收8只眼,其中黄斑渗出完全吸收4只眼;渗出明显减少9只眼;渗出无明显改变2只眼。渗出性视网膜脱离13只眼中,视网膜复位8只眼;脱离范围减少3只眼;无明显改变2只眼。渗出未完全吸收15只眼;黄斑下纤维化9只眼;黄斑轻度萎缩3只眼;后期病变区视网膜萎缩伴色素沉着,血管可闭塞成白线状。BCVA≥0.1者6只眼;0.01～0.09者11只眼;数指1只眼;光感1只眼。BCVA无变化15只眼;提高2只眼;下降2只眼。治疗结束时,患眼和对侧健康眼的球镜度数比较结果显示,患眼球镜度数高于对侧健康眼（t=3.6,P=0.003）。患眼和对侧健康眼的柱镜度数比较结果显示,患眼散光度数高于对侧健康眼（t=3.6, P=0.004）。但所有患眼矫正屈光度后视力无提高。结论 间接检眼镜下激光光凝治疗青少年型Coats病,可有效控制病变进展,且对患儿损伤小,出现并发症的风险低。眼内注射曲安奈德是有效的辅助手段,但并发症多,应用需谨慎。     

视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病的初步观察

目的 观察视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病的疗效.方法 前瞻性连续病例研究.21例伴有渗出性视网膜脱离的Coats病患者的21只眼纳入研究,其中,男性19例,女性2例,年龄2～18岁;部分视网膜脱离15只眼,属3A期,完全视网膜脱离6只眼,属3B期.所有患眼均接受视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗,3只眼辅助巩膜切开引流视网膜下液.经视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗后,4只眼针对残余异常血管再行视网膜光凝或冷冻手术.治疗后随访3～15个月,平均随访时间(7±3)个月.观察视力、眼压、眼位及眼球运动、裂隙灯、间接检眼镜及彩色眼底像,比较异常血管变化,视网膜下液及渗出的吸收情况等.以末次随访为疗效判定时间点.结果 治疗后眼压增高6只眼,均局部药物控制.随访结束时,视网膜复位19只眼,局限视网膜脱离1只眼,视网膜全脱离1只眼.视力提高3只眼,不变14只眼,下降2只眼.新发生斜视1只眼.新发生白内障或白内障加重4只眼.结论 视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病,可使大部分患者视网膜复位,视功能可以有效保存.     

Visual prognosis of coats'' disease

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine the visual prognosis of retinal telangiectasia (Coats' disease). METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 35 patients with Coats' disease seen at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada between 1987 and 1996. Ten patients were excluded because of incomplete records. Treatment modalities consisted of no treatment, cryotherapy with and without 532 nm laser through the indirect ophthalmoscope, and enucleation. Visual outcome was determined where possible. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 4.5 years. Deterioration in visual acuity was associated with the presence of greater than 5 clock hours of involved retina and retinal detachment at diagnosis. Final visual acuity did not correlate with age of onset of disease. No eye treated with cryotherapy progressed to retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive treatment of Coats' disease with cryotherapy with or without 532 nm laser, before retinal detachment, is likely to stabilize vision and decrease the risk of future total retinal detachment.     

玻璃体手术治疗Coats病的效果观察

目的 探讨玻璃体手术治疗伴有广泛渗出性视网膜脱离的Coats病患者的疗效,并观察其预后。方法 1995年12月至1999年12月,对11例（11只眼）伴有严重渗出性视网膜脱离或显著视网膜前增殖的Coats病患者进行玻璃体手术治疗。随访时间3个月至4．5年。11例中除1例为黄斑前纤维增殖牵引性视网膜脱离外,余均为视网膜全脱离;其中4例尚伴有广泛的视网膜前增殖和牵引。结果 11例患者中除1例终止手术外,余均获得有用视力,其中3只眼视力优于0．02,最佳视力0．2。10例视网膜复位满意,1例终止手术失访。术后随访有4例视网膜脱离复发,经治疗后视网膜均重新复位,玻璃体手术的成功率为90．9％。结论 对视功能严重受损的Coats病患者,行玻璃体手术结合眼内光凝或巩膜外冷凝可使视网膜复位,促进渗出性病变退缩,有效保持有限的视功能,避免严重并发症的发生。     

Coats' syndrome: long term follow up

AIM: To increase the understanding of the long term results in pseudo-retinoblastoma eyes with infantile Coats' syndrome. METHODS: This study design was a retrospective case review. 10 patients were analysed who were initially referred with a diagnosis of retinoblastoma but had Coats' syndrome on the basis of ocular oncological evaluation. Vision, fundus photography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography scans were obtained and evaluated. Changes in vision and retinal status were measured. RESULTS: The initial age at presentation was 2.4 years (range 0.25-4 years). All patients had retinal detachment at diagnosis. Nine of 10 retinas were reattached after various treatments. Reattached retinas had closure of peripheral telangiectasia and visible intraretinal crystals. Vision was dismal. At last follow up (mean 8.8 years), only two patients had 20/400 or better visual acuities. Five eyes had no light perception despite early treatment to reattach the retina. Nine of 10 eyes remain cosmetically acceptable. One patient wore a cosmetic shell. CONCLUSIONS: Long term results indicate that these eyes can be salvaged and the retina reattached but the visual outcome is poor.     

Vitrectomy techniques in late-stage Coats'-like exudative retinal detachment

Retinal telangiectasia is the hallmark of Coats' disease. In the late stages, leakage from these abnormal vessels can result in a total, bullous exudative retinal detachment with cholesterol-laden subretinal fluid. Secondary angle-closure glaucoma may result in a blind and painful eye which may require enucleation or evisceration. Surgical reattachment of the retina and destruction of the retinal telangiectasia may preserve these eyes. We have found that vitrectomy, internal drainage of subretinal fluid and cholesterol, direct treatment of the retinal telangiectasia with intraocular diathermy and intravitreal gas or silicone oil injection are effective surgical techniques for salvaging these severely damaged eyes.     

成年Coats病的临床特征和诊治

目的观察成年Coats病患者的临床表现及其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1980年至2006年在中国医学科学院北京协和医院就诊, 经眼底检查和荧光素眼底血管造影检查确诊为Coats病的18例成年患者随诊1年以上的临床资料。所有患者均排除放射治疗史，眼内炎症、视网膜血管闭锁、老年性黄斑变性及渗出较多的糖尿病视网膜病变等类Coats反应疾病。患者中男性14例，女性4例；左眼11只眼，右眼7只眼，均为单眼患病；年龄37~55岁，平均年龄43岁；初诊视力0.02~1.5,视力中值为0.1。对17例17只眼用激光光凝治疗，1例联合视网膜手术放液和冷凝治疗。治疗后随访1.0~15.3年，平均随访3.7年。结果初诊时，18例18只眼中，玻璃体清晰14只眼，仅有少许混浊4只眼。所有患眼视盘正常。病变局限于1~2个象限以内，位于颞侧者为最多（15/18只眼），鼻侧者少（4/18只眼），正上仅有1只眼；有2只眼病变累及2个象限。病变处均有典型的视网膜血管不规则扩张，粟粒状动脉瘤、大动脉瘤、微动脉瘤和毛细血管无灌注区；病变相应区域有黄白色硬性渗出，呈大片块状或成簇的团状。过半数患眼有黄斑水肿或渗出；4只眼有局限性视网膜脱离，其中1只眼视网膜脱离范围较为广泛；3只眼有视网膜出血。治疗后全部患眼眼底渗出和（或）出血吸收，视网膜复位。与治疗前相比, 随访过程中绝大多数(64.3%)患眼视力增进2行或保持在1.2~1.5，无视力减退2行以上者；末诊时视力0.02~1.5,视力中值为0.1。结论成年首次确诊的Coats病患者具有与儿童患者相似的特征性视网膜血管异常和眼底渗出，与之不同的是受累范围较局限，出血少；黄斑受损害轻；随诊过程中病变发展缓慢；视力预后较好。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：279-282）     

The effects of external subretinal fluid drainage on secondary glaucoma in Coats' disease.

PURPOSE: We sought to investigate the effect of external subretinal fluid drainage (SRFD) on secondary or impending secondary glaucoma caused by bullous exudative retinal detachment for saving eyes with Coats' disease. METHODS: By retrospective chart review, we collected the treatment results of 56 patients younger than 15 years of age with Coats' disease. External SRFD was performed when exudative retinal detachment became bullous enough to cause anterior displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm or when secondary angle-closure glaucoma occurred. Treatment results were regarded as successful when secondary angle-closure glaucoma was prevented or responded to treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of those who underwent external SRFD was 3.1+/-1.8 years. Exudative retinal detachment was found in 48 eyes (86%), and external SRFD was needed initially in 19 (28%). External SRFD initially was performed in 19 eyes (28%) and in 2 (3%) after initial cryotherapy. Of these 21 eyes, no definite neovascular glaucoma was detected, and it took on average 1.2 SRFDs to treat or prevent secondary angle-closure glaucoma. All treatments were successful, and no eye was enucleated. CONCLUSIONS: External SRFD should be considered early as a treatment for secondary angle-closure glaucoma associated with bullous exudative retinal detachment in Coats' disease.     

晚期急性视网膜坏死综合征的手术效果观察

目的评价急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术的手术效果。方法对10例（10眼）急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离进行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除和增生膜剥离术，术中氩激光光凝视网膜裂孔和残留的正常视网膜边缘，并行硅油填充术，3眼因晶状体浑浊同时行晶状体切除术，术后5～6个月取出硅油，硅油取出之前3周行赤道部的氩激光光凝，观察硅油取出后视网膜复位及视力状况。结果术后短期内（〈1月）视网膜全复位，随访14～26月，8眼视网膜复位良好，复位率80．00％（8／10），2眼因视网膜表面增生膜形成，视网膜再次脱离。术后视力：光感者1眼，手动者1眼，数指者3眼，0．05～0．1者3眼，0．12者2眼。结论现代玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术提高了急性视网膜坏死视网膜脱离的视网膜复位率，但因视网膜坏死结构破坏以致视力恢复较差。     

Bilateral Coats' disease: long-term follow up

PURPOSE: To report on the long-term follow-up of a female patient with bilateral Coats' disease, who showed marked asymmetry between the two eyes. METHODS: A five year old girl presented in 1978 with leukocoria in a blind right eye. A total exudative retinal detachment and extensive retinal telangiectasiae were noted. In the other eye, there was a localized area of retinal exudation and vascular abnormality in the supero-temporal periphery. Ultrasonography showed no evidence of intraocular tumour in the right eye and a clinical diagnosis of bilateral Coats' disease was made. RESULTS: In 1995, the area or retinal exudation in the left eye increased and laser photocoagulation was applied successfully. To date, no disease recurrences have occurred. CONCLUSION: Although Coats' disease is usually unilateral, bilateral, asymmetrical involvement may occur on rare occasions. Long-term follow-up of the least affected eye is necessary so that late complications can be identified early and treated adequately to prevent visual loss.