Incidence,Type, Related Factors,and Effect of Workplace Violence on Mental Health Nurses: A Cross-sectional Survey

OBJECTIVE

Workplace violence and its impact on mental health nurses have yet to be thoroughly explored in China. This study aims to investigate the incidence, type, related factors, and effects of workplace violence on mental health nurses as well as identifying coping strategies.

我国留守儿童心理健康问题研究的系统评价

目的系统回顾我国留守儿童心理健康状况相关文献,描述和分析目前国内留守儿童的主要心理卫生问题。方法在反复讨论并预检索后确定检索词及检索策略,而后电子检索CBM、VIP、CNKI和万方数据库中截止2011年3月发表的中文文献,纳入所有已发表的关于我国留守儿童心理健康状况及问题的调查研究文献。由两名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取并交叉核对,如有分歧讨论解决,必要时参考第三方意见。采用定性方法系统总结纳入文献的研究结果,由于各研究中留守儿童的界定和类型,研究设计及结局指标的异质性,故没有采用Meta分析。结果纳入的155篇文献均为横断面研究,其中无对照的横断面研究63篇,有对照的横断面研究92篇。大部分对照研究结果显示,与非留守儿童相比,留守儿童的心理健康水平较低,存在较多问题;但也有少数对照研究显示,两组人群的心理健康状况无显著统计学差异。不同类型的留守儿童(如不同性别、年龄、监护类型、父母外出情况等)其心理健康问题也存在差异。结论现有研究结果显示,留守儿童心理健康存在诸多问题,但有关留守儿童与非留守儿童的心理健康比较研究结果存在争议。现有研究中对留守儿童的界定不统一、缺乏高质量的研究设计,影响研究结果的综合分析。需要进一步开展高质量的对照研究,并进行长期动态观察,从而更准确地研究留守儿童的心理健康状况及其与非留守儿童的异同。     

Mental Health of Nurses Working at a Government-designated Hospital During a MERS-CoV Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study

BACKGROUND

During an epidemic of a novel infectious disease, many healthcare workers suffer from mental health problems.

Russian Physicians Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Objective: To study burnout of Russian physicians in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic and how their work with coronavirus-infected patients influenced it. According to a three-factor model of burnout developed by Maslach and Jackson, this syndrome includes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduction of personal accomplishment. Design: A cross-sectional survey study. Setting: Large medical practice. Participants: Physicians of different specialties. Methods: Data collection was conducted from June 23 to July 12, 2020. We developed a Google form including a questionnaire and psychological inventories and placed it in a medical portal. Maslach Burnout Inventory — Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel was used to study burnout; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to determine anxiety and depression. Results: Of all the physicians who took part in the study (N = 599), 31.2 % worked with coronavirus-infected patients. Of the medical personnel who treated COVID-19 patients, 63.6% noted increased workload during the pandemic. Compared to other physicians, they more often had a high degree of emotional exhaustion (43.3 % vs 33.0 %, φ* = 2.404, P ≤ 0.01) and depersonalization (41.7 % vs 34, 0%, φ* = 1.803, P ≤ 0.05). An overwhelming majority of physicians, without any dependence on work with infected patients, had an absence of anxiety and depression. The identified interrelations between the symptoms of burnout, anxiety, depression; age and career stage in medical personnel were identical, except for weak correlations between age and emotional exhaustion (rs = -0.097, P ≤ 0.05), as well as career stage and personal accomplishment (rs = 0.102, P ≤ 0.05) in those physicians who worked with COVID-19 patients. The structure of burnout was identical in all physicians and did not depend on interaction with the infected patients. Conclusion: Public health authorities should reduce the workload on physicians involved in treating infected patients against the backdrop of the pandemic. Psychotherapeutic measures focused on preventing burnout should reduce its number among physicians interacting with patients infected with the coronavirus.     

防治非自愿移民心理健康问题干预措施的系统评价

目的全面系统地回顾不同国家和地区为防治非自愿移民心理健康问题所采取的干预措施,并评价不同干预措施的效果。方法检索ISI Web of Science等10个电子数据库和3个灰色文献数据库,检索时间截止至2008年11月。同时检索相关机构网站和Google搜索引擎,以弥补数据库的遗漏。纳入描述和评价已实施的防治非自愿移民心理健康问题的干预研究。由两名研究者独立进行文献筛选、质量评价及资料提取,而后交叉核对,讨论达成一致意见。鉴于各纳入研究的干预类型、干预措施、研究设计及结局指标存在异质性,不能进行Meta分析,采用定性方法系统归纳纳入文献的信息和结果。结果最终纳入35篇文献,其中16篇描述干预措施,19篇评价干预效果。研究对象主要是战争、暴力及其它酷刑引起的难民和寻求庇护者,水库移民仅1篇。所有心理干预分为预防干预和治疗干预两类,其主要干预措施有：心理综合干预、团体疗法、认知行为疗法、证言疗法、叙事暴露疗法、支持性咨询服务、家庭支持及疗法等,其中综合干预是最常用的干预方法。评价心理干预效果的研究大部分为观察性研究,仅6个研究为对照试验,且存在较多方法学局限。绝大多数研究结果显示,已开展的心理干预对非自愿移民心理健康有积极的促进作用。结论目前针对非自愿移民开展的心理健康干预研究有限,尚缺乏设计严谨的评价性研究。应对非自愿移民心理健康干预,尤其是预防性干预开展更多研究,并开展大样本、设计严格的高质量试验,以评价适用于不同非自愿移民群体的最有效的心理干预方式。     

影响我国留守儿童心理健康相关因素的系统评价

目的 系统描述并分析影响我国留守儿童心理健康的相关因素.方法 计算机检索CBM、VIP、CNKI 和WanFang Data截至2011年3月发表的中文文献,纳入已发表的关于我国留守儿童心理健康相关因素的研究文献.由两名研究者独立进行文献筛选和资料提取,而后交叉核对,如有分歧通过讨论或参考第三方意见达成一致,采用定性研究方法系统总结纳入文献的信息和结果.结果 共检索到3252条记录,经筛选后最终纳入49篇横断面研究.定性分析结果显示:影响我国留守儿童心理健康的相关因素主要有社会因素、家庭因素、学校因素和自身因素四大方面的近30种具体的影响因素,其中主要影响因素有性别、年龄、亲子关系、社会支持、个性特征、双亲外出情况和外出时间等.结论 我国留守儿童心理健康的影响因素很多,目前已开展了较多研究,但相关研究的质量均不高,论证效能低.部分因素对留守儿童心理健康的影响尚存在分歧,以后应针对我国留守儿童心理健康的相关因素开展高质量的纵向动态研究,深入分析各因素之间的相互关系,从而为制定切实有效的干预措施提供科学有力的依据.     

遗传对儿童精神健康发育影响的双生子研究

目的了解遗传因素对儿童双生子精神健康发育的影响。方法通过教委和学校募集6～16岁在同一家庭中抚养并就读于同一所学校的双生子。签署知情同意书后,用发育和健康状况评定量表（Development and Well-Bing Assessment,DAWBA）中文版向双生子父母调查双生子的精神健康发育状况。同时采集双生子的颊粘膜标本提取DNA进行卵型鉴定。结果共募集到双生子102对,完成问卷调查93对,其中同卵双生子（MZ）50对,异卵双生子（DZ）43对。在DAWBA的情绪、行为症状及其症状产生的影响部分,计算机诊断结果显示情绪障碍中的分离性焦虑（MZ组相关系数（r）=0.821,P〈0.01;DZ组r=0.348,P〈0.01）、广泛性焦虑（MZ组r=0.546,P〈0.01;DZ组r=0.309,P〈0.01）、特殊恐怖症状（MZ组r=0.849,P〈0.01;DZ组r=0.726,P〈0.01）及对立/品行障碍（MZ组r=0.237,P〈0.01;DZ组r=0.163,P〈0.01）、注意力缺陷-多动障碍（MZ组r=0.640,P〈0.01;DZ组r=0.198,P〈0.01）,孤独症症状（MZ组r=0.680,P〈0.01;DZ组r=0.372,P〈0.01）,MZ组r大于DZ组。结论在影响儿童双生子精神健康发育的因素中,遗传因素起重要作用。     

The Current and Ideal State of Mental Health Training: Pediatric Resident Perspectives

Phenomenon: Mental health (MH) problems are prevalent in the pediatric population, and in a setting of limited resources, pediatricians need to provide MH care in the primary medical home yet are uncomfortable doing so citing a lack of training during residency as one barrier. Approach: The purpose of this study is to describe pediatric residents’ experiences and perspectives on the current and ideal states of MH training and ideas for curriculum development to bridge this gap. A qualitative study using focus groups of pediatric residents from an urban academic medical center was performed. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Findings: Twenty-six residents participated in three focus groups, which is when thematic saturation was achieved. The team generated five major themes: capabilities, comfort, organizational capacity, coping, and education. Residents expressed uncertainty at every step of an MH visit. Internal barriers identified included low levels of comfort and negative emotional responses. External barriers included a lack of MH resources and mentorship in MH care, or an inadequate organizational capacity. These internal and external barriers resulted in a lack of perceived capability in handling MH issues. In response, residents reported inadequate coping strategies, such as ignoring MH concerns. To build knowledge and skills, residents prefer educational modalities including didactics, experiential learning through collaborations with MH specialists, and tools built into patient care flow. Insights: Pediatric residency programs need to evolve in order to improve resident training in MH care. The skills and knowledge requested by residents parallel the American Academy of Pediatrics statement on MH competencies. Models of collaborative care provide similar modalities of learning requested by residents. These national efforts have not been operationalized in training programs yet may be useful for curriculum development and dissemination to enhance trainees’ MH knowledge and skills to provide optimal MH care for children.     

Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Chinese Nurses and Its Association with Mental Health: A Cross-sectional Survey

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) in nurses in hospitals in China, and its influence on nurses' mental health.

The Impact of Mental Health Nursing Module,Clinical Practice and an Anti-Stigma Program on Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Mental Illness: A Quasi-Experimental Study

BackgroundIt is important to support nursing students during their education in developing positive attitudes toward people with mental illness.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of mental health nursing module, clinical practice, and anti-stigma program on the attitudes of nursing students toward mental illness.DesignThe study was a single group pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design.SettingsThis study was conducted in a nursing school in the west of Turkey.ParticipantsThe sample of the study consisted of 64 undergraduate nursing students.MethodsThe data were collected through the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale and Social Distance Scale.ResultsThe mean scores of the dangerousness subscale significantly decreased after mental health nursing module, clinical practice and anti-stigma program. The results revealed significant positive differences in the mean scores of the social distance scale after the theory, clinical practice, and anti-stigma program were completed.ConclusionsThe mental health nursing curriculum should be focused on replacing stereotypes with accurate information. Anti-stigma programs should be included in standard mental health nursing courses.     

Nurse-Patient Interaction in Acute Adult Inpatient Mental Health Units: a Review and Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

Mental health nurses work with acutely unwell patients, and the busy setting is characterised by unpredictable events. This paper is a report of a review conducted to identify, analyse and synthesize research in adult acute inpatient mental health units, which focused on nurse-patient interaction. Several electronic databases were searched using relevant keywords to identify studies published from 1999-present. Qualitative studies published in English were included if they specifically investigated nurse-patient interaction in acute inpatient care in adult settings. Eighteen studies were included (23 papers). Findings were grouped into the following six categories: 1) sophisticated communication; 2) subtle discriminations; 3) managing security parameters; 4) ordinary communication; 5) reliance on colleagues; and 6) personal characteristics. These studies of acute inpatient mental health units reveal that nurse communication involves interpersonal approaches and modalities that exemplify highly developed communication and personal skills designed specifically for this challenging setting. Further quality research should focus on the conditions that enable the development of therapeutic interactional skills and the relationship of these skills to the nuanced context in which they are practiced.     

Building a Child Mental Health Workforce for the 21st Century: Closing the Training Gap

Of the children and adolescents with mental health concerns who receive treatment, most do so in outpatient community mental health service sites, systems of care which have largely failed to produce significant clinical outcomes. Suggested strategies to improve care in child mental health treatment include improving families' access to services, increasing use of evidence-based practices (EBPs), and holding service sites accountable for demonstrating outcomes. Producing a workforce to implement these strategies will require cultivating providers who have developed specific competencies within a range of agencies that naturally interface with the daily lives of families and their children. The authors report on a recently developed interprofessional child community fellowship for psychiatry residents and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners aimed at training providers to deliver child mental health services in a variety of community settings. Activities that focus the fellowship are outlined along with the development of the related competencies: EBP translation, collaboration skills, and outcome measurement. Evaluation strategies for fellows' competency development are discussed.     

Long-term effects of a tailored mindfulness-based program for Chinese intensive care unit nurses: A randomized parallel-group trial

AimThis study investigated the direct and long-term improvements that mindfulness-based interventions exert on intensive care unit nurses. We assessed an abbreviated four-week, twice-weekly mindfulness-based intervention program’s effect on work-related mental health variables and examined whether the intervention impact was maintained at two- and six-month follow-up assessments. We also examined the training program’s effects on work and life.BackgroundPrevious research has shown that mindfulness interventions exert positive effects immediately after treatment. However, few studies have examined whether treatment effects are maintained over time or under different circumstances. Moreover, treatment effects among Chinese intensive care unit nurses have rarely been examined.DesignWe conducted a randomized, non-blinded, parallel-group trial.MethodsParticipants included 90 intensive care unit nurses, divided into two cohorts, who participated in the program in October 2016 and April 2017. They completed validated measures of mindfulness, burnout syndromes, anxiety and depressive symptoms and well-being at baseline (T₁), immediately after intervention (T₂), two months after (T₃) and six months after (T₄) the intervention.ResultsWe observed a significant group effect (1) immediately post-intervention and two months after intervention for mindfulness; (2) at two months after intervention for anxiety, depression and subjective well-being and (3) at post-intervention, two months after and six months after for emotional exhaustion.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the tailored four-week mindfulness-based intervention program improved intensive care unit nurses’ mental health, although further research is needed to verify its feasibility in a clinical working environment.     

Health Care Professionals Attitudes Towards Mental Illness: Observational Study Performed at a Public Health Facility in Northern Italy

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Defines stigma as the process of social oppression barring persons with mental illness from enjoying social interaction through discrimination, exclusion and denial of human and social rights. Modern stereotypes still portray the mentally ill as guilty, unpredictable and violent. Observational studies report how healthcare professionals, including nurses, are often part of the stigma. Such phenomenon belittles the needs of people seeking mental care. The aim of this study is to describe attitudes held by psychiatric nurses and mental care professionals from different care settings of an Italian Healthcare Facility, towards the mentally ill and to identify any associated factors. Mental health care professionals were recruited for this observational study from 10 Italian different psychiatric care units. The Italian version of the Community Attitudes Mentally Ill inventory (CAMI-I) was validated and used for this study. 120 completed questionnaires were deemed valid. Optimal internal consistency (α = 0.856) was measured by calculating Cronbach's Alpha for the CAMI-I. Demographic variables were correlated to items grouped into three factors of the CAMI-I (authoritarian attitudes, benevolence, social restrictiveness). Parametric test (ANOVA) highlight significant differences between CAMI-I results for different demographic variables. Significant data were obtained by comparing responses for each factor of the CAMI-i per professional profile. All healthcare professionals studied show sensitivity and positive attitude towards mental illness. Positive approaches to mental illness contribute towards easing therapeutic care and recovery in patient-centred care. CAMI-I will be a useful tool to identifying discriminatory approaches and sensitize health professionals in Italy.