腋肱动脉真性动脉瘤诊治体会

目的 :总结腋、肱动脉真性动脉瘤的诊治经验。方法 :回顾分析 1998年 6月至 2 0 0 3年 3月3例腋动脉 ,2例肱动脉真性动脉瘤的病因、临床表现、辅助检查和手术方式等。结果 :5例腋、肱动脉真性动脉瘤未发现明确病因。均表现为局部肿物 ,1例伴患肢麻木感。 4例术前通过彩超和多普勒测压确诊 ,1例伴海绵状血管瘤者行动脉造影检查。 5例均行手术治疗 ,血管重建。无手术死亡 ,除 1例术后患肢轻度缺血外 ,其余 4例血运良好。结论 :腋、肱动脉真性动脉瘤表现为局部肿物 ,辅助检查可先使用无创性检查 ,必要时进行动脉造影。治疗上应根据病变特点采用不同术式 ,以瘤体切除、血管重建为首选。     

注射海洛因致感染性假性股动脉瘤的外科治疗(附5例报告)

对5例注射海洛因致感染性假性股动脉瘤患者行手术治疗，对本病特点，外科治疗及治疗中应注意的问题进行分析讨论，认为彻底清创，避免污染和血管修复重建是手术成功的关键。     

血管腔内成形术治疗对糖尿病足患者创面肉芽组织VEGF/VEGF-R2/SRC表达的影响

目的探讨血管腔内成形术治疗对糖尿病足患者创面肉芽组织VEGF/VEGF-R2/SRC表达的影响。方法将137例糖尿病足患者随机分为手术组69例和对照组68例,对照组予以常规治疗,手术组在常规治疗基础上给予经皮血管腔内球囊扩张成形术联合支架置入术治疗。监测两组患者创面愈合率;患肢病变血管内膜中层厚度、收缩期血管峰值血流速度、静息状态下血管管径、充盈状态下血管管径,并计算弹性程度;免疫组化及Real-time PCR检测创面肉芽组织VEGF、VEGF-R2、SRC含量及基因表达变化。结果治疗后第2、4周手术组的创面愈合率较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者患肢内膜中层厚度、收缩期血管峰值血流速度等指标均有明显改善,而手术组疗效更明显(P0.05);手术组患者创面肉芽组织VEGF、VEGF-R2、SRC含量及基因表达明显升高(P0.05)。结论经皮血管腔内球囊扩张成形术联合支架置入术治疗可改善糖尿病足患者创面愈合,提高患肢血运功能,而其对创面愈合的促进作用可能是源于创面肉芽组织VEGF/VEGF-R2/SRC轴的表达增加。     

股前外侧皮瓣在修复小腿大面积软组织合并主干血管缺损中的应用效果观察

目的评估游离股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿大面积软组织合并主干血管缺损的疗效。方法回顾性分析该院2013-08～2017-09收治的15例严重小腿软组织合并主干血管缺损患者的临床资料。所有患者均一期清创、骨折复位固定; 1例不全断肢患者急诊行游离皮瓣移植并桥接血管以恢复血供; 14例患者一期采用负压封闭引流技术(VSD)覆盖创面,二期移植股前外侧皮瓣桥接动、静脉并覆盖创面。皮瓣切取面积15 cm×10 cm～30 cm×12 cm。结果患者全部获得随访;术后2例患者发生静脉栓塞,经及时探查后血管复通; 1例因局部感染创面延迟愈合;末次随访时所有皮瓣及肢体血运良好,供区无严重并发症发生,患肢外观及功能恢复满意。结论应用股前外侧皮瓣在覆盖小腿创面的同时能修复保留肢体的主干血管,可改善肢体外观,增加远端血供。     

药瘾注射致感染性股动脉破裂的护理体会

我院从1994年5月-2000年7月成功地救治了10例因注射海洛因致腹股沟形成假性动脉瘤后感染破裂大出血致休克,甚至危及生命的吸毒患者,其护理体会如下: 本组10例,男性9例,女性1例,年龄24～32岁之间。腹股沟区血管注射海洛因10个月～1年半之间,9例为单侧,1例为双侧。假性动脉瘤破裂前均在腹股沟区注射部位出现局部包块、红肿、皮肤溃烂等,均为单侧假性动脉瘤感染破裂大出血入院。术前抽血、术后化验提示HIV阳性7例。     

吲哚菁绿血管造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中的初步应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿（indocyanine green，ICG）脑血管造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中的作用。方法选择20例术中行ICG造影的颅内动脉瘤患者，其中16例手术直接夹闭动脉瘤，1例手术切除动脉瘤，3例行动脉瘤切除或孤立＋血管重建术。术中造影时，将即时稀释的对比剂（25mg的ICG加入到2ml注射用水中）一次性快速注入肘静脉，荧光手术显微镜下观察造影血管。术后行DSA造影。评价术中ICG造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中的作用。结果16例行动脉瘤夹闭手术患者中，1例小脑下后动脉动脉瘤患者，夹闭后ICG造影发现动脉瘤残余，经调整动脉瘤夹后再次ICG造影，证实动脉瘤夹闭完全；1例颈内动脉动脉瘤夹闭后术中造影发现颈内动脉狭窄，调整动脉瘤夹后再次造影证实无狭窄。1例大脑后动脉瘤患者，术中ICG造影发现动脉瘤内完全血栓形成，载瘤动脉近端闭塞，远端通过血管吻合支供血，遂术中决定行动脉瘤切除术。3例动脉瘤切除或孤立＋血管重建手术患者中，2例术中ICG造影证实吻合口通畅，远端血供良好；1例术中造影发现吻合口功能不良，但同侧额叶脑组织供血良好，故未进一步调整吻合口，术后患者无明显神经功能缺损症状，DSA证实同侧大脑中动脉侧支供血。16例术后行DSA检查者，均证实术中ICG造影结果。结论ICG血管造影是颅内动脉瘤术中监测动脉瘤是否残留、载瘤动脉是否狭窄及吻合血管是否通畅的重要的手段。     

血管腔内介入治疗创伤性假性动脉瘤的效果分析

目的探讨血管腔内介入治疗创伤性假性动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2016年6月入院的34例创伤性假性动脉瘤病人(试验组),以及2002年1月—2014年9月的12例创伤性假性动脉瘤病人(对照组)。试验组采用血管腔内介入治疗,对照组采用传统外科手术方式治疗。比较两组创伤性假动脉瘤病人术后切口愈合时间、并发症发生率、治疗有效率,以及试验组覆膜支架植入术前后临床症状及影像学比较。结果两组创伤性假动脉瘤病人术后切口愈合时间、并发症发生率、治疗有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。试验组治疗前活动性出血和血管杂音与治疗后比较具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论采用覆膜支架血管腔内介入治疗对于创伤性假性动脉瘤具有创伤小、愈合恢复快、操作简单等优点,能够有效缓解临床症状。     

Ilizarov胫骨横向骨搬移技术联合介入方法治疗糖尿病足严重下肢动脉血管病变的疗效分析

［摘要］　目的　分析Ilizarov胫骨横向骨搬移技术联合介入方法治疗糖尿病足严重下肢动脉血管病变的临床疗效。方法　选择2015-09～2019-01漯河医学高等专科学校第二附属医院收治的糖尿病足溃疡患者21例。应用Ilizarov胫骨横向骨搬移技术联合介入方法进行治疗。记录患者创面愈合时间,术前及术后6个月踝肱指数、下肢血管直径及血流速度,评估临床疗效。结果　术后2周,患者的溃疡面均开始缩小,术后4周时均达到植皮或皮瓣移植术条件,所有创面未做特殊处理。所有患者溃疡面愈合,创面愈合时间（57.76±12.3）d。术后2个月超声复查结果显示患肢外周新生血管网丰富,患肢功能达到日常生活需要。术后6个月时,多普勒血流探测仪检测到患足踝肱指数增大,血管超声检测到患足胫前及胫骨后动脉血流速度加快,血管内径增大,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。1例因严重并发症死亡。结论　对于下肢膝关节以上大动脉严重狭窄甚至闭塞的糖尿病足患者,可先采用介入方法打通大血管,再用Ilizarov胫骨横向骨搬移技术改善微循环,加快创面修复,降低小截肢及大截肢发生率。     

椎动脉损伤的治疗（附1例报道）

椎动脉损伤性疾病包括椎动脉假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘以及椎动脉夹层动脉瘤等。治疗主要有外科手术结扎患侧椎动脉，以及经血管栓塞。我院于１９９５年收治一例外伤性椎动脉假性动脉瘤，经结扎瘤体近远侧椎动脉，切除动脉瘤，患者痊愈出院，术后无神经受损表现。结合病例本文重点讨论椎动脉的暴露途径、手术方案以及术中处理。     

CT血管造影技术在主动脉假性动脉瘤诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨CT血管造影技术（CTA）在主动脉假性动脉瘤的临床应用价值。方法对18例主动脉假性动脉瘤患者进行电子束CT检查,将图像传至工作站进行后处理,运用不同的重建方法对血管进行显示,包括多平面重建（MPR）、曲面重建（CPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）和容积显示（VR）技术。结果18例主动脉假性动脉瘤CTA诊断均被手术或血管介入治疗证实。轴位图像与多种重建图像相结合能清晰地显示主动脉假性动脉瘤的解剖细节及其与周围器官的空间解剖关系。结论CTA可显示主动脉假性动脉瘤的特征性征象,在病变的诊断、术式选择及术后随访中有重要应用价值。     

Treatment of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with percutaneous thrombin injection.

Pseudoaneurysm formation of the femoral artery is a well-known complication following catheter-based vascular procedures. Ultrasound-guided compression or surgical correction are commonly used for its repair. We describe a new method of treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm is visualized by contralateral angiography and thrombosed with a percutaneous thrombin injection while the distal vessel is isolated with a brief balloon inflation. Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous thrombin injection is a promising, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm, especially in patients with compromised distal circulation.     

Cure of intractable pancreatic fistula by subcutaneous fistulojejunostomy

Fistulojejunostomy was performed at the subcutaneous level in two patients with intractable pancreatic fistula that occurred after surgery for cancer of the ampulla of Vater and carcinoma of the lower bile duct. The treatment yielded mostly satisfactory results, though one patient incurred postoperative wound dehiscence, which was healed with conservative measures. Compared with conventional procedures, this method is technically easy to perform, as it does not involve surgical separation of the fistula up to a site deep within the abdominal cavity, rarely results in side injury, and poses few potential risks of cicatricial stenosis of the fistular lumen, because blood supply to the fistula is preserved. Subcutaneous fistulojejunostomy is considered to be recommendable for pancreatic fistulas that occur long after surgery and which are stenosed at the site of the pancreatojejunal stenosis and thus require surgical treatment.     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的诊治分析

目的:探讨医源性股动脉性假性动脉瘤(IFPA)的诊断和治疗方法。方法:近6年(2000年～2006年)我院IFPA18例,早期3年10例行局部压迫法和外科手术治疗方法:近期3年8例行超声引导下假腔内注射凝血酶法和局部压迫法。结果:早期单纯局部压迫法效果不好,仅有两例瘤体较小者获得成功,完全愈合,联合外科手术治疗的8例均完全愈合,但病人痛苦大,医疗费用明显增加;近期8例凝血酶法完全愈合,且方法简单、病人痛苦小、医疗费用低。结论:医源性股动脉性假性动脉瘤内科凝血酶法比外科手术法具有简单、快速、安全、耐受性好和医疗费用低廉的优势,值得进一步推广应用。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后股动脉假性动脉瘤行外科治疗的特点

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤并接受外科治疗的患者特点及相关护理对策。方法:回顾性纳入2016年1月至2019年1月,就诊于北京安贞医院的66例行PCI治疗术发生股动脉假性动脉瘤的患者,根据接受的治疗策略分为保守治疗组(n=44)和外科治疗组(n=22)。比较两组患者基线资料、用药情况、PCI治疗情况和下肢动脉超声检测结果。结果:与保守治疗组相比,外科治疗组患者术后低分子肝素使用率明显较高(81.8%vs.40.9%,P=0.034);两组患者的基线资料、其他用药情况、PCI治疗情况和下肢动脉超声检测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。使用Logistic回归校正年龄、性别、BMI、高血压病史、血小板数量、动脉瘤位置、缝合器使用情况、压迫时间、肢体制动时间后,术后使用低分子肝素仍然是需要外科处理假性动脉瘤的预测因素(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.13~2.63,P=0.038)。结论:在PCI治疗后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤的患者中,使用低分子肝素的患者可能更易因保守治疗效果不佳而接受外科治疗。对于病情需要术后使用低分子肝素的患者,应提前给予多方面、针对性、个体化护理,以提高保守治疗的成功率,减轻患者负担。     

妇科合并糖尿病手术患者的术前护理及术中配合

目的探讨妇科合并糖尿病手术患者的术前护理及术中配合。方法选取该院2013年3月—2014年6月收治的60例妇科合并糖尿病手术患者作为研究对象,采取心理护理,密切监视血糖水平,加强术前护理及术中护理配合,避免并发症发生。结果 70例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间120-160 min,20例术中出血达500 mL以上,其余出血量在100-500 mL之间。所有患者术后创口均在一期愈合,血糖稳定,无发热、创口感染等并发症发生,均安全度过围手术期。结论妇科合并糖尿病手术患者的风险比一般人高,但只要做好术前准备护理及术中配合工作,加强对血糖水平的监测,并及时调整控制,是能够保证患者手术治疗效果和安全康复的。     

内固定与人工关节置换治疗糖尿病股骨粗隆间骨折患者的效果对比分析

目的比较内固定术与人工关节置换术治疗糖尿病合并股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床效果。方法选取2016年4月-2019年1月在该院接受手术治疗的糖尿病股骨粗隆间骨折患者共40例分为甲组和乙组,两组患者在围术期均接受血糖控制管理,在此基础上,甲组采用人工关节置换术,乙组采用内固定术,比较两组患者的血糖控制效果以及手术治疗效果。结果甲组的术中出血量、住院时长、术后血糖水平、不良反应发生率(9.52%)以及Harris评分优良率(95.24%)均明显优于乙组。结论人工关节置换术治疗糖尿病股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床效果更为理想。     

Delirium before and after operation for femoral neck fracture

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between preoperative and postoperative delirium regarding predisposing, precipitating factors and outcome in older patients admitted to hospital with femoral neck fractures. DESIGN: A prospective clinical assessment of patients treated for femoral neck fractures. SETTING: Department of orthopedic surgery at Ume? University Hospital, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred one patients, age 65 and older admitted to the hospital for treatment of femoral neck fractures. MEASUREMENTS: The Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) Scale. RESULTS: Thirty patients (29.7%) were delirious before surgery and another 19 (18.8%) developed delirium postoperatively. Of those who were delirious preoperatively, all but one remained delirious postoperatively. The majority of those delirious before surgery were demented, had been treated with drugs with anticholinergic properties (mainly neuroleptics), had had previous episodes of delirium, and had fallen indoors. Patients who developed postoperative delirium had perioperative falls in blood pressure and had more postoperative complications such as infections. Male patients were more often delirious both preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients with preoperative delirium were more often discharged to institutional care and had poorer walking ability both on discharge and after 6 months than did patients with postoperative delirium only. CONCLUSIONS: Because preoperative and postoperative delirium are associated with different risk factors it is necessary to devise different strategies for their prevention.     

老年人骨质疏松性髋部骨折100例治疗探讨

目的探讨老年人骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床诊治方法及疗效。方法对70～96岁的骨质疏松性髋部骨折100例实施不同的方法治疗的(其中股骨粗隆间骨折29例中,DHS内固定20例,保守治疗8例,人工股骨头置换1例;股骨颈骨折71例中,人工股骨头置换33例,全髋置换38例)的同时,配合抗骨质疏松药物治疗。结果 100例均获得随访。随访时间6～28个月,平均14.2个月。术后股骨头缺血坏死4例;内固定物松动滑脱5例,断裂2例;人工股骨头下沉致疼痛5例;84例恢复行走功能。结论老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折需要采取积极的以手术为主的综合治疗。     

A case study of negative pressure wound therapy to manage acute necrotizing fasciitis

Acute necrotizing fasciitis is a devastating infectious process that requires immediate surgical debridement. Intravenous antibiotic treatment, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and wound management are considered the standard of care. Subsequent wound closure is achieved with split-thickness skin grafting, delayed surgical closure, or healing by secondary intention. When a patient refuses additional surgical treatment or is no longer a surgical candidate, as was the case with a patient who presented with acute necrotizing fasciitis caused by Clostridium perfringens in the upper extremity, secondary intention healing is the only treatment option. Following surgery and intravenous antibiotic treatment, her wounds were managed with topical negative pressure wound therapy. No adverse events occurred and the wounds were almost completely healed 63 weeks following surgery. Research to develop evidence-based protocols of care for the closure of these wounds is needed.     

Fascia suturing of large access sites after endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms and dissections.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a technique for closure of a femoral artery access in which the cribriform fascia covering the common femoral artery is sutured. METHODS: A consecutive series of 127 patients (103 men; median age 74 years, range 45- 89) underwent endovascular aortic aneurysm repair between August 2001 and September 2004. Twelve patients underwent a secondary intervention for a total of 139 procedures in the group. Sixty-one (43.9%) of the 139 operations were acute. Among the 257 femoral arteries used for access, a fascia suturing technique was performed in 131 (51.0%). Data were collected for analysis of access site complications, bleeding, thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, and stenosis. A subgroup of 72 patients had ankle-brachial indexes (ABI) recorded; another subgroup of 50 patients were also investigated by duplex ultrasonography. RESULTS: Complications occurred in 18 (13.7%) of the 131 sutured cases. The majority (n = 16) arose within 24 hours: 8 cases of perioperative bleeding or thrombosis required open surgery and 8 cases were reoperated within 24 hours for bleeding (n = 4), thrombosis (n = 3), and 1 intimal dissection. The acute failure rate was 12.2%. Two patients had late complications: 1 case of neuralgia and 1 pseudoaneurysm that required acute surgery 28 months postoperatively. The ABI did not change significantly from pre- to postoperatively in the 72 patients examined. Five patients with stenoses did not have a reduction in ABI. In the 66 sites examined with ultrasound in 50 patients, 3 minor pseudoaneurysms were detected. CONCLUSION: The fascia suturing technique for closure of a femoral artery access during endovascular repair of aortic diseases is feasible, even in acute situations. Failures can be managed easily. Late complications requiring additional procedures are rare.