Differential Diagnostic Potential of Otoacoustic Emissions: A Case Study

An 11-year-old boy was identified as having a profound sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by clear click-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Further diagnostic testing by means of electrocochleography and auditory brainstem responses indicated a predominantly retrocochlear disorder with good cochlear function. However, radiological investigation ruled out the presence of any material space-occupying lesion. This case illustrates the contribution that can be made by otoacoustic emission testing to differential diagnosis.     

Non-Functional Parathyroid Adenoma Presenting as a Massive Cervical Hematoma: A Case Report

Parathyroid adenoma usually manifests with symptoms related to hypercalcemia, such as urinary stone and bone fracture. It may also present with asymptomatic hypercalcemia. However, spontaneous cervical hematoma may occur very rarely as a result of extracapsular hemorrhage of a cervical parathyroid adenoma causing acute painful cervical swelling, bruising, dyspnea, hoarseness and dysphagia. We report a 44-year-old woman who manifested as a spontaneous cervical hematoma without any clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism.     

Preoperative Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Scan and Its Use in Evaluating the Pediatric Cochlear Implant Candidate

Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation of the temporal bones in cochlear implant candidates plays a crucial role in determining candidacy and the side of implantation. The CT scans allow the surgeon to carefully review the anatomy of the inner ear and mastoid cavity in order to predict any potential difficulties or complications that may be encountered during the implant insertion. We retrospectively reviewed 50 preoperative CT scans of the temporal bone in children who have been successfully implanted. In these scans, we assessed the degree of mastoid pneumatization, cochlear anatomy and patency, size of the vestibular aqueduct, cochlear aqueduct, and internal auditory canal. We analyzed our findings and measurements and compared our results with the degree of difficulty noted in the insertion of the implant, the number of electrodes inserted in each case, and the overall complication rate. From this radiographic review, we have created a checklist for cochlear implant surgeons in order to highlight key features that need to be recognized in the temporal bone scan in preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant candidates.     

A rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid lipoadenoma

Objective

The main cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a single parathyroid adenoma. Parathyroid lipoadenomas contain abundance of fat cells. Because of these histological features, they can mimic normal parathyroid tissue at the histopathologic examination and radiological imaging could be difficult to localize lipoadenomas.

耳蜗电图在梅尼埃病诊断中的价值

迄今尚缺乏诊断梅尼埃病的敏感且特异的客观试验，７０年代以来，若干研究探讨了耳蜗电图（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｏｃｈｌｅｏｇｒａｍ，ＥＣｏｃｈＧ）在梅尼埃病诊断中的价值，认为典型的改变是－ＳＰ异常增大，导致－ＳＰ／ＡＰ比值增高，以及－ＳＰ－ＡＰ复合波形异常增宽。各家报告－ＳＰ／ＡＰ诊断梅尼埃病阳性率从３２％至８７％．本文报告了９７例１００耳梅尼埃病鼓室内法检测的耳蜗电图结果，４９例－ＳＰ／ＡＰ比值异常增高，阳性率４９％；波型异常增宽１７耳，总阳性率６６％．眼震电图检测的阳性率６１％．耳蜗电图和眼震电图改变一致的４３耳，二者总阳性率为８４％。对各家阳性率不一致的原因作了分析。认为耳蜗电图－ＳＰ／ＡＰ比值诊断梅尼埃病的敏感性不如文献报告的那么乐观，在目前尚无更敏感更特异的诊断手段的情况下，耳蜗电图和眼震电图在梅尼埃病的诊断中起着相互印证和相互补充的作用。     

Parathyroid cyst: report of case in the mediastinum

Though a rare lesion a parathyroid cyst is of clinical significance because it usually mimics a thyroid cyst and can be associated with hyperparathyroidism. The cyst can be ectopic with location in the lateral neck or in the mediastinum and therefore constitutes a differential diagnosis to a branchial or thymic cyst. A case report of a mediastinal parathyroid cyst without hyperparathyroidism is presented. Fine needle aspiration with parathyroid hormone assay on the cyst fluid will reveal the correct diagnosis. Surgical removal of the cyst is recommended, and hyperparathyroidism should be considered.     

Sestamibi scans and intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of preoperative sestamibi scanning and intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) measurement in the treatment of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to multiple gland disease (MGD). DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS: The study population comprised 383 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, between June 1, 1999, and January 31, 2002. INTERVENTIONS: Sestamibi scanning, IOPTH measurement, bilateral parathyroid exploration, and minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of postoperative persistent hyperparathyroidism. RESULTS: A total of 376 patients met the requirements for inclusion in the study. There were 275 women (73%) and 101 men (27%). Of the patients, 325 (86%) had single adenomas, 28 (7%) had double adenomas, 16 (4%) had 3 or more abnormal glands, and 1 had parathyroid cancer. There were 9 cases (2%) of persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia after surgery. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 37 (median, 7) months. The sensitivity of sestamibi scanning for detecting MGD was 23%, and the positive predictive value was 63%. Using the requirement that the IOPTH level fall by 50% from the first baseline and into the normal range, MGD was distinguished from solitary adenoma in 36 (88%) of 41 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of preoperative sestamibi scanning and IOPTH measurement is effective in identifying cases of MGD and allows successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in most patients.     

急性风湿热诊断标准探讨(附62例临床分析)

本文采用修订的Jones标准对62例首发急性风湿热患者进行诊断分析。结果,符合该诊断标准的仅33例(53.23％),29例(46.77％)不能用该标准作出诊断。通过临床结合分析,有效的抗风湿治疗,并结合文献,对Jones诊断标准提出四种情况的诊断意见,以提高诊断的可靠性,避免漏诊与误诊。     

Application of an Intraoperative Neuromonitoring System Using a Surface Pressure Sensor in Parotid Surgery: A Rabbit Model Study

ObjectivesFacial nerve monitoring (FNM) can be used to identify the facial nerve, to obtain information regarding its course, and to evaluate its status during parotidectomy. However, there has been disagreement regarding the efficacy of FNM in reducing the incidence of facial nerve palsy during parotid surgery. Therefore, instead of using electromyography (EMG) to identify the location and state of the facial nerve, we applied an intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) system using a surface pressure sensor to detect facial muscle twitching. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using the IONM system with a surface pressure sensor to detect facial muscle twitching during parotidectomy.MethodsWe evaluated the stimulus thresholds for the detection of muscle twitching in the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi, as well as the amplitude and latency of EMG and the surface pressure sensor in 13 facial nerves of seven rabbits, using the same stimulus intensity.ResultsThe surface pressure sensor detected muscle twitching in the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi in response to a stimulation of 0.1 mA in all 13 facial nerves. The stimulus threshold did not differ between the surface pressure sensor and EMG.ConclusionThe application of IONM using a surface pressure sensor during parotidectomy is noninvasive, reliable, and feasible. Therefore, the IONM system with a surface pressure sensor to measure facial muscle twitching may be an alternative to EMG for verifying the status of the facial nerve.     

一例梅尼埃病的治疗与演变分析并文献复习

目的通过对一例双侧梅尼埃病的病情演变、治疗过程和文献复习了解该病的复杂性以及保守治疗方案的作用。方法结合文献复习对一例明确诊断的,病程30年并随访15年的双侧梅尼埃病患者的病情演变、诊断治疗方案及预后进行分析。结果患者症状分析及听力检测结果可有效诊断梅尼埃病;保守治疗方案对于早、中期患者效果较好,庆大霉素鼓室注射可用于治疗顽固性眩晕。结论梅尼埃病的症状复杂且首发症状呈现多样化,单侧病变可随病程迁延向双侧转化;对于临床症状及听力检查结果的分析仍然是对于梅尼埃病的诊断、分期及治疗的基础;双侧梅尼埃病症状及转变的复杂性提示应该慎重选择治疗方案,保守治疗方案对患者是有益的且庆大霉素鼓室注射对于顽固性眩晕具有良好治疗效果。鉴于梅尼埃病的慢性病特点,以及疾病认识的局限,任何激进的、有创性的诊治方法都应审慎。     

畸变产物耳声发射甘油试验在内淋巴积水早期诊断中的价值

目的　用畸变产物耳声发射 (DPOAE)甘油试验来观察可疑梅尼埃病患耳内淋巴积水早期对耳蜗功能的影响。方法　对可疑梅尼埃病患者组 (4 0耳 )及正常组 (34耳 ) ,于服用甘油 1小时前后分别进行DPOAE测试。结果　正常组甘油试验前后比较DPOAE各频率点幅值及信噪比无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;患者组甘油试验前后比较以 0 .5kHzDPOAE幅值及信噪比变化最为显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。与正常组比较 ,患者组DPOAE 0 .5kHz幅值和信噪比变化、1.0kHz信噪比变化明显提高 (P <0 .0 5 )。研究还发现DPOAE幅值变化与信噪比变化有一定的线性增长趋势。结论　畸变产物耳声发射甘油试验可为临床表现无听力下降的可疑梅尼埃病患者的早期诊断提供一定的客观依据 ;在分析耳声发射甘油试验结果时应重视信噪比的变化     

surgical management of traumatic facial paralysis: a case review study

Objective To evaluate efficacy of surgical treatment in traumatic facial paralysis.Methods:Thirty-three cases were reviewed,including temporal bone fracture and iatrogenic facial nerve injury.All the p...     

舌根音构音障碍的个案研究

目的：设计并实施针对舌根音构音障碍患者的训练方案,为康复实践提供参考。方法采用汉语构音能力测验词表等对1名5岁4个月的构音障碍儿童进行构音能力主观评估,依据评估结果制订针对性训练方案,训练1个月后再次开展对应评估,对比评估结果。结果训练后,该儿童舌根能自主上抬,舌根音/g/、/k/、/h/均习得。结论本研究制订的舌根音构音训练方案是有效的。     

远程听觉口语法康复教学实践个案报告

目的针对听障幼儿家长指导环节,探索远程听觉口语法(auditory-verbal therapy,AVT)的可行性和适用性,为AVT远程服务技术推广应用提供借鉴。方法以互联网、移动通信技术手段为支撑,以AVT课程中听能领域系列活动开展为内容,利用行动研究法对1名听障幼儿家长实施远程个别指导。结果接受远程指导的家长可以及时帮助幼儿完成听记目标,提高聆听意识与能力,并将专业的反馈与指导及时运用到生活情境中。结论①利用远程技术开展AVT教学对家长实施指导具有可行性和实效性;②远程指导服务的推广与效能的提高,除了必要的网络环境条件,还对康复教师提出新挑战。     

Preoperative evaluation in thyroplasty: the laryngeal lateral compression

Thyroplasty type I has provided significant improvement to the treatment of patients with glottal incompetence. It is essential that patients be preoperatively evaluated using objective criteria. Laryngeal manual compression test are manipulations of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages that result in modifications of the position of the vocal folds. The most valuable laryngeal manual compression test for patients with glottal insufficiency is the lateral compression test. When this test results in a preoperative improvement in voice suggest that surgery will be successful. In this paper we present the objective evaluation of the effects of lateral compression test upon glottic incompetence by means of narrow band power spectrum analysis.