外耳道胆脂瘤临床特征及治疗

目的：探讨外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特点,为手术方式的选择提供参考。方法回顾性分析2006年8月～2014年12月住院手术治疗并经病理确诊的38例（39耳）外耳道胆脂瘤患者的临床资料,总结其症状、体征、术前CT表现、临床分期、手术方式及疗效。结果所有病例外耳道均可见灰白色物或肉芽样物阻塞,术前以听力下降为主要主诉（100％,39／39）,其次是耳闷涨感（79．49％,31／39）及耳痛（74．36％,29／39）。39耳外耳道胆脂瘤结合术前CT ,按 Holt分期：I期10耳,病变局限在外耳道,无骨质破坏;II期23耳,病变位于外耳道,伴骨质破坏,未累及中耳;III期6耳,病变破坏外耳道并累及中耳乳突和／或鼓室、鼓窦。I期行外耳道胆脂瘤切除术;II期行外耳道胆脂瘤切除术＋外耳道成形术和／或鼓室成形术;III期行外耳道胆脂瘤切除术＋鼓室成形术＋乳突切除术。术中见31耳鼓膜完整、内陷,8耳鼓膜松弛部穿孔,4耳听骨链砧镫关节破坏,1耳面神经垂直段裸露。所有病例均一次完成手术,听力恢复良好,无复发。结论外耳道胆脂瘤易误诊,根据临床分期选择合适手术方式可获得满意疗效。     

外耳道胆脂瘤诊疗进展

外耳道胆脂瘤(external auditory canal cholesteatoma,EACC)是一种少见的耳鼻喉科疾病,临床症状不具有特征性,早期病变容易误诊、漏诊,其病因和发病机制尚未完全明了,国际上尚无统一的分型和分期,治疗原则为保守或手术清理胆脂瘤组织,术式选择多样。本文对EACC的病因、发病机制、分型分期和诊断治疗进展做一综述,以期给临床提供一点帮助。     

Microbiology of Normal External Auditory Canal

Objectives To isolate and characterize bacteria and fungi from the healthy ear and to obtain susceptibility profiles on each bacterial isolate. Study Design Prospective. Methods Specimens were collected from the external canals and cerumen of healthy subjects. Species‐level identification was obtained by combining phenotypic and genotypic data. End‐point minimal inhibitory concentration testing was performed using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards recommended methods. Results One hundred sixty‐four subjects were cultured. Seventeen canal and 16 cerumen specimens showed no growth. One hundred forty‐eight cerumen specimens yielded 314 organisms, including 23 fungi. One hundred forty‐seven canal specimens yielded 310 organisms, including 7 fungi. Of 291 bacteria isolated from cerumen, 99% were Gram‐positive. Of 302 bacteria isolated from the canal, 96% were Gram‐positive. Staphylococci were 63% of both the cerumen bacteria and the canal bacteria. Coryneforms represented 22% of the bacteria in cerumen and 19% in the canal. Turicella otitidis was the primary coryneform isolated from both the canal and the cerumen. Streptococci‐like bacteria were 10% from the cerumen, 7% from the canal. In both cerumen and canal, Alloiococcus otitis was more than 95% of the streptococci‐like bacteria. Fifteen gram‐negative organisms were isolated from the canal and cerumen, including four Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The percentages of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates that had high‐level resistance (≥8 μg/mL) were as follows: to neomycin, 28% from cerumen and 11% from the canal; to oxacillin, 28% from cerumen and 25% from the canal; and to ofloxacin, 15% from cerumen and 19% from the canal. Conclusions Turcella otitidis and A. otitidis were present with a much higher frequency than previously described, lending evidence that they be considered normal otic flora. Corynebacterium auris, previously reported only in children, was isolated from normal adults.     

儿童外耳道胆脂瘤的早期诊断与治疗

目的探讨儿童外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特点、早期诊断和治疗方法。方法分析我院2007年1月～2009年12月21例4～12岁外耳道胆脂瘤患者的临床和影像学特征及术中所见。手术方法：10例病变局限并能配合的儿童采用门诊清除病变;11例全麻下手术。结果21例均以患耳疼痛、流脓或有血性渗液就诊。检查发现外耳道流脓或血性渗液17例;有黄白色发亮或灰白色团块状物12例;外耳道肿胀8例;有肉芽5例;CT检查21例均见外耳道软组织样影,12例外耳道内段扩大;外耳道骨质呈锯齿状破坏7例;鼓室盾板破坏4例;鼓膜內移8例;侵入上鼓室3例,乳突腔1例。术中见13例外耳道骨部皮肤不同程度缺损;10例鼓膜后上部上皮受损;2例鼓膜紧张部穿孔;3例鼓膜松弛部穿孔。21例均随访6个月-2年未见复发。结论外耳道胆脂瘤常侵犯外耳道皮肤、鼓膜、骨质及中耳,甚至发生其它严重并发症,早期症状隐匿,多在耳痛或感染时发现,应早期发现并及时彻底清除病变,以减少并发症发生。     

Ⅲ、Ⅳ级外耳道胆脂瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨Ⅲ、Ⅳ级外耳道胆脂瘤(Naim分级)临床特点、手术指征及手术方式,评价其疗效。方法回顾分析2003年10月～2011年3月住院的52例Ⅲ、Ⅳ级外耳道胆脂瘤(Naim分级)患者,共55耳手术。所有患者行外耳道胆脂瘤摘除同时行外耳道成形,术后外耳道置膨胀海绵。术后三个月门诊复诊,并行纯音测听检查,随后要求每年门诊复诊一次,如有明显不适可门诊随诊,本组病例随访时间为14至105月之间,平均45.17±3.23月。结果本组病例中,最常见的症状是听力下降(80.00%,44耳),55耳中有2耳分别于术后1年和2年后复发,1耳外耳道术后1年出现膜性闭锁,2耳分别于术后6月、1年出现外耳道深部狭窄,其余患者目前外耳道通畅,上皮化良好,干燥,鼓膜完整。结论外耳道胆脂瘤一旦破坏外耳道骨质,导致外耳道口狭小,胆脂瘤不能自行排空应行手术清除病灶,同时行外耳道+耳甲腔成形,建立通畅引流,消除胆脂瘤形成的因素。术后外耳道内填塞膨胀海绵能有利于上皮沿外耳道生长,防止外耳道闭锁。     

Exostoses and Cavernous Venous Formation in the External Auditory Canal of the Hooded Seal as a Functional Physiological Organ

Exostoses of the external auditory canal (EAC) develop after protracted mechanical, chemical or thermal irritation in particular. This is a common disorder among aquatic sportsmen and has been considered unique to Man. We dissected and photodocumented the EACs of 5 newborn and 3 adult Hooded Seals (Cystophora cristata). Serial sections of the EACs were prepared for light microscopic evaluation after staining with haematoxylin-eosin or toluidine blue. All EACs exhibited a firm, broad-based, mountain peak-shaped exostosis on the floor of the meatus, lateral to the eardrum. In addition, the meatal skin of the bony EAC harboured large venous sinuses. The exostosis and venous sinuses of the seal EAC participate in the protection of the sensitive hearing apparatus, particularly the pars tensa portion of the drum, during diving.     

Ceruminoma of the External Auditory Canal adenoid cystic variety

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare variety of Ceruminoma, arising from the glandular elements of the External Auditory Canal. A case of Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal is reported, to recapitulate clinical features and management problems of the tumour at this site. The controversies in nomenclature, histopathology, and management are discussed.     

Classification of External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma by Computed Tomography

Objectives

We propose here a classification system for external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC). We classified the EACC by the computed tomography findings and clinical findings of the patients, and we evaluated the EACC characteristics by the proposed staging system.

Methods

Stage classification was done according to the results of temporal bone computed tomography and the clinical findings of the patients. Stage I indicates that the EACC lesion is limited to the external auditory canal. Stage II indicates that the EACC lesion invades the tympanic membrane and middle ear. Stage III indicates that the EACC lesion creates a defect of the external auditory canal and it involves the air cells in the mastoid bone. Stage IV indicates that the EACC lesion is beyond the temporal bone. Between 1996 and 2006, 29 patients with EACC and who underwent surgery were prospectively collected. This study was comprised of 16 males and 13 females with a mean age of 22.8±15.0 yr. We reviewed the characteristics and results of surgery by our proposed staging system.

Results

A total of 29 patients who underwent operation due to EACC were classified by this system, and the number of stage I, II, III, and IV cases was 14, 3, 10, and 2, respectively. Symptoms such as otorrhea, hearing impairment and otalgia occurred in 12, 17, and 17 cases, respectively. The most common wall invaded by EACC was the inferior wall. The number of cases that had a spontaneous, congenital, post-traumatic, post-inflammatory or tumorous origin was 14, 9, 2, 2, and 1, respectively. Cholesteatoma recurred in 2 patients after surgery. Both cases were stage 1 and both were caused by congenital disease. There were 3 cases with meatal stenosis after surgery, and their primary disease was congenital.

Conclusion

This proposed staging is simple and easily applicable for use when deciding the treatment plan for patients with EACC.     

Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia Versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal

Four case reports are presented to demonstrate the clinical and histopathologic similarity of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PH) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the external auditory canal (EAC). In all four cases the original report of SCC on a biopsy specimen of an EAC lesion was corrected on review to PH. In one patient conservative management resulted in resolution of the EAC lesion. A second patient underwent radiation therapy and partial temporal bone resection with no SCC found in the surgical specimen. A third patient's ear canal had healed with conservative treatment and repeated biopsy revealed no malignancy. After a 6-year symptom-free interval, she developed invasive SCC with bone involvement that required surgery and radiation treatment. A fourth patient underwent a sleeve resection of the skin of the EAC that proved to be PH, and no evidence of SCC was found. A thoughtful clinical history, careful physical examination, response to conservative treatment, and close communication with the pathologist should be exercised in the evaluation of EAC lesions.     

外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特征及疗效分析

目的：研究外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特征及疗效分析。方法回顾性分析了106例（108耳）外耳道胆脂瘤患者的临床资料,主要包括病因、临床症状、耳内镜及颞骨CT检查结果及治疗方法。结果患者的平均年龄34.29岁（6～86岁）,男36例,女70例。单耳发病104例,其中右耳65例,左耳39例,双耳2例。临床表现主要以耳闷胀感、听力下降、反复耳痛多见,外耳道可见耵聍栓塞、肉芽、白色胆脂瘤团块。85例行耳内镜手术,11例行外耳道扩大术,10例行乳突改良根治术。术后随访6月～5年,所有病例均治愈。结论外耳道胆脂瘤主要发生在单耳,右耳多见。伴性别差异,本组病例女性﹥男性,40岁以下多见。主要病因考虑后天性阻塞为主,多合并耵聍栓塞。外耳道胆脂瘤应预防为主,早期诊断,早期治疗,手术治疗是唯一的方法,结合颞骨CT检查及术中情况决定手术方式,大多数病例可在耳内镜下完成,治疗效果显著。     

Postinflammatory Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal: Treatment and Results of Surgery Over 27 Years

Postinflammatory, acquired atresia of the external auditory meatus is a relatively rare consequence of chronic otitis media or recurrent external otitis with an annual incidence of 0.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Primary and late results after operative treatment of this condition in 53 ears over 27 years are presented. Perioperative findings are described, and an outline of applied surgical technique is given. Six patients had bilateral involvement. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2, median age at surgery was 46 years, and the median follow-up period was 5 years (range, 4 mo to 13 y). In 11% of the cases, recurrent atresia developed. Early operation is recommended, because cholesteatoma behind the atresia was found in 9%. Hearing improvement has been considerable after removal of the atresia with primary closure of airbone gap within 20 dB in 90% of the cases.     

外耳道胆脂瘤修订手术的临床病例分析

目的 分析外耳道胆脂瘤(EACC)修订手术病例的临床特点、处理及预后.方法 回顾性分析2011-2019年EACC术后因外耳道狭窄、闭锁伴外耳道胆脂瘤复发10例(8名患者)于我院行修订手术的临床特征、修订手术要点.结果 10例修订手术中,5例为外耳道狭窄,5例为外耳道闭锁.3例术中发现外耳道骨质增生.修订手术与前次手术...