A clinical study of pulmonary tuberculosis in lung cancer patient]

We have reviewed 442 patients with lung cancer. There were 323 male patients with a mean age of 65.8 yr and 119 female patients with a mean age of 66.0 yr. Histological types of lung cancer were squamous cell carcinoma 177 patients (40.0%), adenocarcinoma 167 (37.8%), small cell carcinoma 75 (17.0%), large cell carcinoma 17 (3.8%) and undifferentiated carcinoma 6 (1.4%). When lung cancer was diagnosed, 55 patients (12.5%) showed tuberculous lesions on the initial chest X-ray film. The majority of these tuberculous lesions were old changes, but only one with cavitary lesion was confirmed to be active. Although there was no statistical significance, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was higher in the 55 patients with tuberculous lesions than in the remaining 387 patients without ones. In the present study, five patients developed active pulmonary tuberculosis while on a therapy of lung cancer. All of these five patients were male and they had advanced lung cancer on admission. The diagnosis of active tuberculosis was made by autopsy in two patients and by culture--positive after death in two. Only one patient was identified to have active tuberculosis by broncho-alveolar lavage. Three of 5 patients showed old tuberculous lesions on the initial chest X-ray film, but all of five patients showed caseoinfiltrative shadows when active tuberculosis occurred. In addition, the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher in the patients with old tuberculous lesions (5.6%: 3 out of 54 patients) than in those without ones (0.52%: 2 out of 387 patients). Finally, all of the five patients died. The causes of death were lung cancer in three patients, both pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer in one and pulmonary tuberculosis in one.     

Tracheobronchial tuberculosis observed from the chest X-ray findings and its pathogenesis

Twelve cases of tuberculous tracheobronchitis were identified by bronchofiberscopy out of 185 tuberculous patients, and they are classified into four groups based on the chest X-ray findings and its pathogenesis, Group 1 (two cases); extensive endobronchial tuberculosis without radiographically demonstrable lesion. Group 2 (three cases); endobronchial tuberculosis occurring in airway that drains a pulmonary cavity or active lesion. Group 3 (four cases); endobronchial tuberculosis occurring in minimal cases of tuberculosis with radiographically fibrocaseous or fibroproductive type lesions. Group 4 (three cases); invasion of bronchus by perforation of hilar tuberculous adenitis. This classification would undoubtedly be better to understand tuberculous involvement of the bronchial tree than those previously reported classifications based on the bronchoscopic findings and clinical symptoms. Furthermore, it was found that the extent of the lung lesions showed no relation with the incidence of tuberculous tracheobronchitis. There is some differences among these four groups in terms of chest roentgenographic features, clinical symptoms and bronchoscopic findings. However, the presence of the third group has not been clearly recognized, as such type of the disease believed to exist in cases with extensive pulmonary involvement. Characteristics of the third group are mild clinical symptoms, inactive radiographic appearances and insidious clinical course, and most such cases are detected by the mass survey, and the diagnosis can be made only by endoscopic examinations. The incidence of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in our clinic was 6.5%, and that of the fourth group was 1.6%. Brief discussion was made on the endoscopic classification, pathogeneses, endoscopic changes during the course of chemotherapy and management of bronchial stenosis.     

Coexisting bronchial carcinoid tumor and pulmonary tuberculosis in the same lobe: a case report

The synchronous occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchial carcinoid tumor is unusual. Although pulmonary tuberculosis can coexist with all histological types of lung cancer, few coexisting cases of bronchial carcinoid tumor and pulmonary tuberculosis have been reported. We present coexistent bronchial carcinoid tumor and pulmonary tuberculosis in the same lobe. A 39-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with chest pain for two months. Chest radiograph showed consolidation in the right lower field. Computed tomography of the thorax demonstrated multiple mediastinal lymphadenopathies, infiltration and atelectasis in the right lower lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed a mass lesion totally obstructing the proximal right lower lobe bronchus. The pathological diagnosis was typical carcinoid tumor. Right lower lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed. The pathological examination of resected material revealed coexistent tuberculosis and carcinoid tumor in the same lobe and mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis.     

以磨玻璃样密度影为表现的早期肺癌并发肺结核患者的诊治分析

目的 分析以磨玻璃样密度影(ground-glass opacity,GGO)为表现的早期肺癌并发肺结核患者的临床特点,以达到早期识别及治疗的目的。方法 对山东大学附属山东省胸科医院自2013年1月至2018年2月确诊的14例以GGO为首要表现的肺癌并发肺结核患者的临床表现、CT扫描征象、手术方式、病理类型等进行回顾性分析。结果 以GGO为表现的早期肺癌并发肺结核以查体时发现多见(9/14),CT表现为陈旧性结核病灶并发混合密度GGO(mGGO) 12例;GGO与结核病灶位于同侧同叶4例。术前对患者进行规范抗结核药物治疗9例,术后继续行规范抗结核药物治疗6例。术前有3例患者行CT引导下肺穿刺活检确诊肺癌,其余11例为术中冰冻切片病理检查证实。行肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫10例,肺叶(GGO病灶所在处)切除加同侧异叶肺结核瘤局部切除2例,肺段切除1例,楔形切除1例。肺结核病灶标本经病理检查确诊10例,另4例依据病史及影像学表现符合陈旧性肺结核诊断;表现为GGO的早期肺癌病灶标本经病理检查确诊腺癌11例,鳞癌1例,腺鳞癌1例,大细胞癌1例。纵隔淋巴结病理检查均未见转移。本组患者术后均顺利康复,短期随访未见肿瘤复发、转移及结核复燃等。结论 GGO为表现的早期肺癌并发肺结核患者其临床表现无特异性,薄层CT扫描加动态观察有利于诊断。手术方式需在肺癌切除的基础上兼顾结核病灶的处理,规范的抗结核药物治疗加手术切除治疗效果满意。     

纤维支气管镜诊断菌阴肺结核的意义

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜对疑似肺结核的诊断价值.方法 对胸部影像学表现疑似结核病变特点的59例痰菌阴性患者行支气管镜检查,镜下观察病变,同时行活检、刷片及灌洗液等检查,通过病理及细菌学检查,分析结果.结果 59例患者经支气管镜检查确诊结核49例,2例确诊为肺癌,其中刷片找到抗酸杆菌者32例,活检确诊结核的34例.结论 支气管镜检查是结核病诊断和鉴别诊断的重要方法.     

Bronchial stricture due to endobronchial tuberculosis

From 1974 to 1986, there were 14 cases of bronchial stricture or obliteration caused by endobronchial tuberculous lesions. Nine cases had histories of tuberculosis but five were suspected of having malignant respiratory passage obstruction at the initial diagnosis. Five cases were kept under observation because of mildness of the subjective symptoms or refusal of operation. Nine cases underwent operation. As the bronchial lesions in three cases were confined to the lobar or segmental bronchus, lobectomies were done. One case with a history of infantile tuberculosis developed complete obliteration of the left main bronchus and cystic bronchiectasis in the entire lung parenchyma, so pneumonectomy was inevitable. Five cases which had strictures in the main bronchus underwent bronchoplastic surgery. The operative procedures were right sleeve upper lobectomy in four cases and left sleeve upper lobectomy in one case. All of the cases undergoing operation showed no post-operative complication or recurrence of the tuberculosis. The results of our present series of tuberculous bronchial stricture indicate the need for early detection and operation. For the cases with main bronchus involvement, bronchoplastic surgery should be selected as an alternative to pneumonectomy to preserve the pulmonary function.     

CA125在肺结核、结核性胸膜炎与肺癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的讨论CA125测定在肺结核、结核性胸膜炎与肺癌鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对27例菌阳肺结核、21例结核性胸膜炎及18例肺癌患者的血清CA125进行检测,同时检测其他11项肿瘤标记物的血清浓度（如CEA、CA199、CA242等）,对以上3组的检测结果进行分析。结果结核性胸膜炎组血CA125浓度（75.43±28.74KU/L）高于肺癌组（42.09±16.41KU/L）及肺结核组（23.26±7.59KU/L）,统计学有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。肺癌组CA125高于肺结核组,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。其他肿瘤标记物阳性率：肺癌组（38.9%）高于肺结核组（3.7%）和结核性胸膜炎组（4.76%）,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论血CA125检测在肺结核及肺癌鉴别诊断中有重要的临床价值,结合肿瘤标记物其他项目的检测结果及动态观察CA125浓度的变化更有利于明确诊断。     

原发性干燥综合征合并结核病28例临床分析

目的 探讨结核病合并原发性干燥综合征的临床特点,注意肺结核与原发性干燥综合征导致的间质性肺疾病的鉴别。 方法 回顾性分析2005-2011年解放军第三O九医院28例合并原发性干燥综合征的结核病患者的临床资料。 结果 28例中男2例,女26例;40岁以上女性21例。临床上干咳、眼干、口干、发热多见。有6例首次诊断为原发性干燥综合征,均行自身抗体及腮腺X线增强造影检查。其中2例行下唇腺活检,结果阳性;余22例既往均有原发性干燥综合征病史,病史最短1年,最长14年,平均（2.7±1.6）年。经细菌学阳性确诊结核病10例,经组织病理学确诊结核病8例,经临床诊断结核病10例。28例患者中继发性肺结核11例,血行播散性肺结核3例,结核性胸膜炎2例,淋巴结结核2例,继发性肺结核合并支气管结核1例,继发性肺结核合并淋巴结结核2例,继发性肺结核合并结核性胸膜炎2例,继发性肺结核合并结核性心包炎2例,结核性多浆膜腔炎2例,继发性肺结核合并支气管结核及附件结核1例。所有患者均给予2HRZE/4HR抗结核治疗。至今28例患者中有5例仍在进行抗结核治疗,其余23例结核病患者均临床治愈。所有患者均未发生严重药物不良反应。4例肺结核误诊为原发性干燥综合征导致的间质性肺疾病。 结论 原发性干燥综合征合并结核病重点需注意原发性干燥综合征导致呼吸系统损害与原发性干燥综合征合并肺结核鉴别,减少临床上误诊、漏诊的发生。     

纤维支气管镜检查对老年人不典型肺结核的诊断价值

目的评价支气管镜术对老年人不典型肺结核的诊断价值。方法对５１例老年不典型肺结核患者在纤维支气管镜直视下获取标本进行病理学和细菌学检查。结果刷检直接涂片和支气管肺泡灌洗液经离心浓集涂片同时找到抗酸杆菌２７例（５２．９％）；活检经病理学检查呈结核病变８例（１５．８％）；刷检７例（１３．７％）、支气管肺泡灌洗液４例（７．８％）、吸引物３例（５．９％）及术后痰检２例（３．９％）分别找到抗酸杆菌。结论纤维支气管镜检查对老年人不典型肺结核的诊断具有重要价值     

The role of surgery in cases of diagnostic difficulty]

Pulmonary resections for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis are decreasing, and nowadays most of them are for the open lung biopsy to make histological diagnosis, because differentiation between tuberculosis, AM and lung cancer is critical. In 1980-1990 forty-three patients, in whom the diagnosis was not established by conventional diagnostic methods, had pulmonary resections for open lung biopsy because of abnormal chest X-ray shadows. Of these, 31 (72%) were non-tuberculous (lung cancer 8, hamartoma 7, lung abscess 5, fungus infection 3, sclerosing hemangioma 2, bronchogenic cyst 2, and others 4, and 12 (28%) were tuberculous or AM. The type of chest film abnormality was solitary pulmonary nodule (coin lesion) in 9 out of 12 patients with tuberculosis or AM, in all eight patients with lung cancer and in 14 out of 23 patients with other diseases. In patients with coin lesions, the incidence of lung cancer was as high as 50% when the diameter was more than 21mm, while it was only 11% when it was 20mm or less. 24 patients with tuberculosis or AM complicated by lung cancer or other diseases were resected. There were 8 smear or culture positive patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (or AM) (Group 1), of whom 7 had lung cancer and 1 pneumothorax. Of 8 patients who were wrongly diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis (Group 2), there were 5 lung cancers and 3 other diseases. In the remaining 8 patients (Group 3) both old tuberculosis and lung cancer coexisted and in 3 they were found in the same lobe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Two cases of tuberculous uveitis

Uveitis has many etiologies, but tuberculous uveitis is rare. We herein report 2 cases of uveitis due to tuberculosis infection. The first case was a 28-year-old man who was showed abnormal shadows in the chest radiographic examination performed in search of the etiology of uveitis. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, small nodules, and consolidation, with a small cavity in the right upper lobe. An ulcerated nodule in the truncus intermedius and stenosis of the right middle lobe bronchus were found on bronchoscopy. The biopsy of the nodule in the truncus intermedius showed a small granuloma containing giant cells, consistent with mycobacterial infection. The culture of bronchial washings from the right upper lobe grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous lymphadenitis, bronchial tuberculosis, and tuberculous uveitis was made. The patient was treated with antituberculosis drugs and his disease, including uveitis, improved. The second case was a 36-year-old man who presented with right hemiparesis, dysarthria, and visual loss of the left eye. He was diagnosed with neuro-Sweet disease causing optic neuritis and visual loss. His chest CT showed a nodule with centrilobular opacities in the left lower lobe that suggested mycobacterial infection. PCR of the bronchial washing from the left lower lobe was positive for M.tuberculosis and the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was established. Treatment with antituberculosis drugs and corticosteroids was initiated and his pulmonary lesion improved. However, bilateral tuberculous uveitis developed 15 days after initiation of the treatment. The uveitis gradually deteriorated thereafter despite continuation of antituberculosis therapy. Photocoagulation finally halted the disease progression. In both patients with uveitis presented here, chest radiographs and CT scans were important in determining the etiology of the uveitis. It is difficult to find the etiology of uveitis, and general examinations including the lungs are helpful to pinpoint tuberculosis as the etiology of uveitis. As tuberculous uveitis is sometimes asymptomatic and resistant to treatment, ophthalmological examination is recommended for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Tuberculosis and cancer. Experience of a general hospital

Tuberculosis and cancer are two processes in relationship. The relation between both are studied. We analyzed retrospectively the culture-positive tuberculosis cases in from 1999 to 2002. We described the six cases with tuberculosis and cancer. One hundred and five cases of tuberculosis were observed, 6 cases (5.7%) had cancer. Four cases were pulmonary tuberculosis, one tuberculous pleurisy and other urinary tuberculosis urinary. The two cases with bronchogenic neoplasm had a diagnosis of tuberculosis at same time than cancer. The diagnosis of neoplasm was previous than tuberculosis in two cases (breast neoplasm and hypernephroma), and posterior in others two cases (breast and colon neoplasm). Half of theses patients died. In patients with neoplasm, the possibility of coexist tuberculosis is not depreciable, previous, concomitant or after the diagnosis of neoplasm.     

20例肺结核合并肺癌患者的临床和影像学特征

目的总结肺结核合并肺癌的临床和影像学特点,提高诊断水平。方法回顾性收集2001年1月～2005年6月期间肺结核合并肺癌病例的临床资料。结果肺结核合并肺癌20例,大于60岁患者15例,中年患者5例。陈旧性肺结核合并肺癌11例,进展期肺结核合并肺癌9例。主要症状为刺激性咳嗽、痰血、低热、盗汗、气喘、消瘦、卢嘶、胸痛等。肺癌病灶发生于肺结核所在肺叶或肺段11例,发生癌变时间为3个月～10年。癌变时肺部影像学主要表现为斑片影增多,空洞逐渐变大,洞壁厚薄不均匀,内缘不光滑、不规则、分叶、带毛刺的结节或肿块,可伴支气管狭窄、纵隔淋巴结肿大、肺不张,经纤维支气管镜、经皮肺穿刺或胸液等检查可同时发现癌细胞和抗酸杆菌证据。结论肺结核合并肺癌现象并不少见,对于陈旧性或进展期肺结核,临床症状加重,影像学导常变化,应高度怀疑肺结核合并肺癌可能,及时行相关辅助检查提高诊断水平。     

血结核抗体和PPD试验对肺结核的临床诊断价值

目的 对血结核抗体和PPD试验用于肺结核诊断的价值进行评估。方法 100例肺结核患100例肺癌对照组患的血清用“TB－CHECK－1”精材料法检测血结核抗体，同时进行PPD测试。结果 100例肺结核患结核抗体的敏感性力为88％，PPD试验的敏感性为84％，特异性分别为92％，57％。结论 血结核抗体对肺结核的诊断是快速、方便、敏感及特异的，可用作菌阴肺结核的辅助诊断方法，与PPD试验联合应用则效果更佳。     

194例结核性胸膜炎合并肺结核病的临床

目的 探讨结核性胸膜炎合并肺结核病的临床及其防治方法。方法 对194例结核性胸膜炎合并肺结核病进行回顾分析。结果 结核性胸膜炎患中合并肺结核病的发生率为23．2％(45／195)；肺内病灶和胸膜炎在同一侧的占53．3％。结论 结核性胸膜炎与肺结核病关系密切，加强初感染结核病早期诊断和治疗，可减少结核性胸膜炎的发病率。     

Evaluation of Tl-20 lung uptake and impairment of pulmonary perfusion on scintigraphies in pulmonary tuberculosis

Tl-201 lung uptake in 74 patients (85 lesions) and pulmonary perfusion in 105 patients were studied to evaluate clinical usefulness of Tl-201 lung uptake and perfusion lung scintigraphy in pulmonary tuberculosis, using a scintillation camera with a mini-computer system. As indices of Tl-201 lung uptake, lung (lesion) to upper mediastinum uptake ratio (L/M) and visual grading were used. L/M in pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.96 +/- 0.66, which was significantly larger than 1.04 +/- 0.24 in healthy controls and lower than that in heart diseases with left heart failure and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and showed no significant differences with that in acute pneumonia, pyothorax, primary lung cancer and malignant mediastinal tumor. L/M in pulmonary tuberculosis did not correlate with CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Gaffky number of sputum and body temperature. It correlated with the type of pulmonary tuberculosis according to the Gakken Classification reflecting the disease activity. It was larger in the exudative type, caseo-infiltrative one, disseminated one, one with cavity in infiltrative lesion than the fibro-caseous one. On perfusion lung scintigram, impairment of pulmonary perfusion larger than area of the entire unilateral lung was observed in 68 cases (64.8%). Area of hypoperfused lung field, which correlated with % vital capacity (r = 0.60, p = 0.0002) and PaO2 (r = 0.39, p = 0.0024), was significantly larger in patients with silicosis and those with bilateral pleural involvements such as pleural callosity than in those with type III according to the Gakkai Classification. Most of the patients showed decreased pulmonary perfusion and Tl-201 accumulation of which grade reflects the disease activity in active tuberculous lesion. Patients with miliary tuberculosis and those with silicotuberculosis showed diffuse Tl-201, accumulation in the both lungs. Tl-201 lung scintigraphy seems to be useful for visualizing active tuberculous lesions, particularly the ones that could not be detected by the chest radiograph in patients with destroyed lung and with pleural callosity. Joint use of Tl-201 and perfusion lung scintigraphies provides useful informations about the pathophysiology and disease process in pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Serum adenosine deaminase activity in pulmonary tuberculosis

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been helpful for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. However, there are few studies about the role of ADA in the diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis. In our study, serum ADA activity was determined in order to investigate the role of the enzyme in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and monitoring the efficiency of therapy. The ADA activity was (mean +/- SD) 21.77 +/- 8.51 U/L in pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n= 44), 6.24 +/- 3.25 U/L in old tuberculosis patients (n= 24), 8.58 +/- 4.38 U/L in healthy control subjects (n= 20), whereas the mean for the patients with bronchial cancer (n= 20) was 18.51 +/- 7.85 U/L. There was no statistical difference between the results of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the patients with bronchial cancer. On the contrary, the result of these two group were significantly different from both old tuberculosis patients and healthy control subjects (p< 0.001 for both). In 10 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, ADA activities were determined both before and after treatment and a significant decrease was observed in ADA activities after treatment (p< 0.001). In conclusion, serum ADA activity is increased in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, therefore it may be a helpful parameter for monitoring therapy.     

Late exudative complications of collapse therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis

In a retrospective study of 15 patients who were treated with collapse therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis on an average 30 years previously, we found 16 instances of exudation in the residual pocket: four were sterile and without fistula, ten had bronchial fistulae, one had an esophageal fistula, and one was a tuberculous empyema without fistula. Among the 11 exudations with bronchial or esophageal fistulae, none contained tubercle bacilli, six were infected with pyogenic microorganisms, and five remained sterile. In 12 cases, the diagnosis was suggested by chest x-ray film. Four of nine exudates which remained sterile and three of the seven infected ones could be stabilized by conservative measures; the others required a decortication, sometimes with parenchymal resection. This study shows that in late exudative complications of old collapse therapy, an initial conservative treatment can be curative in about 45 percent of the cases.     

纤维支气管镜对早期诊断菌阴肺结核合并肺癌的临床意义

目的探讨通过纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查提高对菌阴肺结核合并肺癌的早期诊断率。方法40例临床诊断为菌阴肺结核的患者均接受诊断性抗结核治疗1月后,临床症状部分好转,仍不能排除肺部肿瘤的患者,同时进行纤支镜检查行病理活检、刷检、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)找癌细胞、BALF涂片、BALF结核菌培养、BALF的TB-DNA。结果 40例患者中肺癌与菌阴肺结核共存25例(62.5%),肺癌4例(10%),菌阴肺结核11例(27.5%),40例患者进行BALF检查,其中36例患者的BALF的TB-DNA≥1.14×103,13例BALF结核菌培养阳性,2例发现癌细胞;40例患者中的16例纤支镜下有异常改变者,进行病理活检和刷检,其中13例患者病理为典型结核和肺癌并存,3例为典型结核结节;24例在病变部位行刷检,其中10例病理证实肺癌。结论纤维支气管镜检查操作简单,镜下多种联合检测可提高菌阴肺结核合并肺癌的早期诊断率,避免漏诊及误诊。     

局限性肺实变病灶的CT表现特点分析

目的 分析局限性肺实变病灶的CT影像特点,以提高CT诊断与鉴别诊断局限性肺实变病灶的水平。 方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2009年1月至2013年12月间96例经CT引导下病变穿刺活检病理证实的CT表现为局部肺实变的影像学资料。对所有患者的计数资料行χ^2验。 结果 （1）病变分布：表现为多发肺段和单发肺段,在多发肺段分布中,肺结核22例（22/36）、肺癌5例（5/20）、肺淋巴瘤5例（5/8）、肺真菌病9例（9/15）及机化性肺炎2例（2/17）;在单发肺段分布中：肺结核14例（14/36）、肺癌15例（15/20）、肺淋巴瘤3例（3/8）、肺真菌病6例（6/15）及机化性肺炎15例（15/17）,两组间差异有统计学意义（χ^216.961,P〈0.01）;不同病种病变分布之间进行比较,肺结核及机化性肺炎的差异有统计学意义（χ^211.348,P〈0.005）。（2）病变的形态：表现为段性实变和亚段性实变。在段性实变中,肺结核30例（30/36）、肺癌9例（9/20）、肺淋巴瘤5例（5/8）、肺真菌病5例（5/15）及机化性肺炎5例（5/17）;在亚段性实变中,肺结核6例（6/36）、肺癌11例（11/20）、肺淋巴瘤3例（3/8）、肺真菌病10例（10/15）及机化性肺炎12例（12/17）,两组间差异有统计学意义（χ^220.062,P〈0.01）;不同病种病变形态之间进行比较,发现肺结核组分别与肺癌、肺真菌病、机化性肺炎组差异均有统计学意义（χ^2分别为8.936、12.295及14.970,P值均＜0.005）。（3）主体病变支气管气像：在主体病变呈现支气管气像的患者中,肺结核31例（31/36）、肺癌12例（12/20）、肺淋巴瘤7例（7/8）、肺真菌病12例（12/15）及机化性肺炎5例（5/17）,差异有统计学意义（χ^220.536,P〈0.01）;其中机化性肺炎分别与肺结核、肺真菌病两两比较差异均有统计学意义（χ^2分别为17.039、8.189,P值均＜0.005）。（4）病变强化：在所有患者经过CT增强扫描后发现,肺结核22例（22/36）、肺癌20例（20/20）、肺淋巴瘤8例（8/8）、肺真菌病12例（12/15）及机化性肺炎14例（14/17）的病灶出现强化,差异有统计学意义（χ^214.595,P〈0.01）;其中肺结核与肺癌组间比较差异有统计学意义（χ^210.370,P〈0.005）。（5）主体病变的周围病变：在肺结核34例（34/36）、肺癌2例（2/20）、肺淋巴瘤6例（6/8）、肺真菌病15例（15/15）及机化性肺炎11例（11/17）的主体病变外周出现周围病灶,差异有统计学意义（χ^212.067,P〈0.01）;其中肺癌组与肺结核、机化性肺炎组两两比较差异均有统计学意义（χ^2分别为39.933、7.968,P值均＜0.005）。（6）CT影像诊断符合率：与CT引导下肺穿刺活检结果相比较,5组患者诊断符合率在50.0%～80.6%之间。 结论 局限性肺实变的病变分布、形态、支气管气像、主体病变外周围病灶及病变主体强化等CT影像特点对肺部疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定价值。