青少年脊柱后凸畸形后路截骨矫形术后发生近端交界性后凸的临床研究

目的：探讨脊柱后凸畸形截骨矫形术后近端交界性后凸（ PJK）的发生率、相关危险因素及其预防方法。方法选取2005年1月-2009年1月西安市红会医院收治的87例脊柱胸腰段后凸畸形患者,年龄11~20岁,平均14.8岁,均行后路截骨矫形术,观察其近端交界区后凸角度的变化情况。分别在术前、术后3月和末次随访时,记录患者影像学参数。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间5~9年,平均6.4年。87例中,24例（27.6%）术后发生PJK（PJK组）,且在随访过程中,有加重的趋势,其中3例局部疼痛明显,1例再次手术;余63例归入非PJK组。末次随访时,PJK组近端交界区后凸角度为17.5°±2.6°,非PJK组为7.1°±2.6°,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者年龄、近端融合范围、近端交界区后凸角度、术后全脊柱矢状位平衡以及术前术后矢状面平衡距离纠正程度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。结论脊柱后凸畸形后路截骨矫形术后PJK发生率为27.6%,其相关的危险因素包括年龄、近端融合范围、近端交界区后凸角度、术后全脊柱矢状位平衡以及术前术后矢状面平衡距离纠正程度。     

单节段与双节段后路腰椎椎间融合后腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数的比较

文题释义：后路腰椎椎间融合：是脊柱外科常见的腰椎融合方式之一,具有术后即刻稳定性好、植骨融合率高、可恢复椎间隙高度及腰椎生理曲度等优点,已广泛应用于腰椎滑脱症、腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎间盘突出症等腰椎疾病的治疗。 L₅入射角：这一概念于2006年由ROUSSOULY首次提出,为一种动态性参数,反映L₅腰椎椎体的倾斜状态,与腰椎椎体滑脱程度、腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数及临床疗效相关,在一定程度上可预测腰椎滑脱患者术后腰骶部的平衡状态,研究已证实腰椎滑脱患者L₅入射角的重建应予以重视。 背景：后路腰椎椎间融合是治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症的经典术式,具有改善腰椎前凸角、增加椎间隙高度、复位滑脱椎体、提高患者生活质量等优势。 目的：探讨单节段与双节段后路腰椎椎间融合治疗低度退变性腰椎滑脱症时对腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数的影响,分析改善腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数的影响因素。 方法：回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年9月使用聚醚醚酮椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉系统行单节段与双节段后路腰椎椎间融合治疗低度(Ⅰ-Ⅱ度)退变性腰椎滑脱症68例患者的临床资料。根据手术融合节段分为2组,单节段组37例,双节段组31例。术前及末次随访时拍摄含双侧股骨头站立位腰椎侧位X射线片,比较2组患者腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数、术后融合器沉降率与骨性融合情况。 结果与结论：①2组患者均顺利完成手术并进行随访,随访时间12-40个月;②单节段组与双节段组椎体滑移指数均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05),2组间改善程度差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③与术前相比,2组患者骨盆倾斜角显著减小(P < 0.05),骶骨倾斜角显著增大(P < 0.05),但2组之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④与术前相比,2组患者腰椎前凸角、下腰椎前凸角、腰椎前凸分布指数明显增大(P < 0.05),双节段组增加值显著大于单节段组(P < 0.05);⑤与术前相比,2组患者L₅入射角、L₅椎体倾斜角、L₁垂线与S₁距离明显减小(P < 0.05),且双节段组减小值显著大于单节段组(P < 0.05);⑥2组患者融合器沉降率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);末次随访时所有患者均获得骨性融合;⑦提示低度退变性腰椎滑脱症可通过后路腰椎椎间融合改善矢状位平衡,双节段融合后腰椎-骨盆矢状位参数改变更显著。 ORCID: 0000-0003-1782-8915(未洋洋) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

脊柱术后近端交界性后凸畸形的研究进展

目的 总结脊柱术后近端交界性后凸(PJK)的最新研究进展。方法 以proximal junctional kyphosis、incidence、spine和近端交界性后凸、发病率、脊柱为关键词,分别在PubMed、万方数据库查阅2000年1月—2015年5月有关PJK畸形的文献,分别对PJK的生物力学影响因素、影像学参数、诊断角度、分型、临床因素等方面的最新研究进展进行归纳和总结。结果 脊柱手术中近端横连的使用可降低PJK的发生。手术时年龄＞55岁、腰椎前凸角>30°、术前胸椎侧弯角>30°、术前胸椎后凸角＞30°、术前术后腰椎前凸角改变＞30°、T_5~12胸椎后凸角＞40°、前后路联合和后路手术可能是PJK发生的独立危险因素。PJK诊断的角度问题及PJK翻修的手术指症尚无统一意见。结论PJK的发生是多因素共同作用的结果,与脊柱的生物力学、影像学参数、临床因素具有一定的相关性。PJK的危险因素目前尚无统一定论,还需进一步深入研究。     

经椎弓根截骨联合头尾骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折伴后凸畸形

目的观察后路短缩截骨联合椎弓根螺钉头尾侧骨水泥强化固定治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发的陈旧性胸腰椎后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法选择2010年1月～2016年6月以来本院采用后路截骨矫形手术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发陈旧性胸腰椎后凸畸形患者12例。其中,男2例,女10例;年龄59～72岁,平均66.3岁。采用后路经后凸顶点短缩截骨闭合矫形术。观察手术前后的后凸Cobb角、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、脊柱矢状位平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)改善距离的变化。通过独立人员严格随访,记录术前及末次随访JOA评分、VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍评分(ODI),记录手术前后的Frankel分级系统分级情况。结果手术前后凸角度平均38.9°±6.2°,腰椎前凸角平均35.9°±5.8°,脊柱SVA平均(62.4±11.1)mm。随访时间平均29个月,末次随访后凸角度平均11.7°±5.7°,平均改善率69.92%;腰椎前凸角平均25.7°±10.5°,平均改善率28.41%;脊柱SVA平均(14.6±10.5)mm,平均改善率81.25%。术前12例神经损害患者Frankel分级为10例D级、2例C级,术后提高至10例E级、2例D级。腰痛VAS评分由术前平均7.8分降至术后平均2.1分、JOA评分由术前平均为13.6分增加到术后21.2分、ODI评分由术前平均为54.8%降至术后的30.1%,相比术前差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路截骨联合椎弓根螺钉头尾侧骨水泥强化固定治疗陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发胸腰椎后凸畸形,明显改善后凸畸形,能有效恢复脊柱矢状位平衡,神经功能明显改善。     

经椎弓根截骨螺钉固定修复胸腰椎后凸畸形:脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性分析

背景:退变性胸腰椎后凸畸形患者因矢状面失平衡导致腰痛,进而严重影响其生活质量,截骨矫形重建此类患者的矢状面尤为重要。目的:探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形螺钉置入内固定修复退变性胸腰椎后凸畸形患者术后生活质量与脊柱-骨盆参数变化的关系及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年5月至2014年10月在河北省沧州中西医结合医院行L2经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形螺钉置入内固定的59例退变性胸腰椎后凸畸形患者的临床资料。所有患者手术前后均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X射线片。统计测量所有患者术前、术后X射线平片的胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、T1骨盆角、矢状面平衡、骨盆投射角、骶骨倾斜角和骨盆倾斜角;术前术后运用SF-36量表评估患者的生活质量并进行对比。结果与结论:(1)脊柱-骨盆相关参数中,除骨盆投射角外,其余参数手术前后相比差异均有显著性意义(P0.01);就SF-36量表各维度而言,术后评分均高于术前(P0.01);(2)腰椎前凸角的变化与骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、矢状面平衡存在线性相关,骨盆倾斜角的变化与骶骨倾斜角、身体疼痛维度及总体健康状况维度存在线性相关,矢状面平衡的变化与腰椎前凸角、身体疼痛、总体健康状况存在相关性,T1骨盆角的变化与腰椎前凸角、矢状面平衡、身体疼痛及总体健康状况也存在相关性;(3)结果表明,经椎弓根椎体截骨螺钉置入内固定能够有效重建退变性胸腰椎后凸畸形患者的脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态,缓解疼痛,显著改善患者的生活质量。     

AOPC截骨内固定治疗陈旧性单节段胸腰段OVCF伴后凸畸形的疗效

目的 探讨后路前方撑开—后方闭合(AOPC)截骨矫形术治疗陈旧性单节段胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)伴后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法 纳入陈旧性单节段胸腰段OVCF患者53例进行回顾性分析,均接受AOPC截骨矫形术治疗。记录患者围术期指标及并发症发生情况。术前及末次随访时行脊柱胸腰椎正侧位X射线检查测量胸椎后凸Cobb角、胸腰段后凸角和腰椎前凸角等矢状位参数。采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分评价脊髓功能,分别采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价腰背部疼痛及腰椎功能。结果 所有患者手术均顺利完成,手术时间为(287. 1±19. 9) min,术中出血量为(1 240. 9±105. 1) m L,住院时间为(11. 7±1. 4) d;围术期未出现严重神经及血管损伤等并发症,末次随访时所有患者内固定位置良好、牢靠。术后6个月胸椎后凸Cobb角与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),胸腰段后凸角较术前减小(P 0. 05),腰椎前凸角较术前增大(P 0. 05)。术后6个月JOA评分高于术前(P 0. 05),VAS评分及ODI低于术前(P 0. 05)。结论 AOPC截骨矫形术治疗陈旧性单节段胸腰段OVCF可充分进行环形360°脊髓减压,恢复脊髓神经功能,重建脊柱序列,疗效满意。     

全脊椎截骨联合阶梯矫形修复僵硬性角状后凸:脊柱-骨盆关系的变化

背景:矢状面平衡的评估与矫正是脊柱后凸畸形取得良好修复效果的关键,脊柱-骨盆参数的测量方法是评估脊柱失平衡的有效方法之一。目的:通过测量后路全脊椎截骨联合阶梯矫形修复僵硬性角状后凸患者的脊柱-骨盆参数,设计手术方案,分析术后腰椎生物力学改变的特点,并评估远期预后。方法:纳入解放军306医院骨科收治的采用全脊椎切除截骨、双侧钉棒联合梯次紧凑闭合脊髓逐步短缩、矫形内固定修复严重脊柱角状后凸畸形的患者37例。于术前、术后、末次随访时测量患者腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆指数、脊柱骶骨角及矢状面垂轴。观察患者术前、术后的脊柱后凸角、脊柱矢状位失平衡、躯干侧方偏移率、手术时间、术中失血量、随访时间、后凸矫正角度、躯干偏移矫正情况。结果与结论:患者平均手术时间326 min(212-470 min),术中出血平均2 089 m L(1 200-6 000 m L),手术共切除104个椎体,截骨平面在T4-L2。术后随访20-35个月,患者术后脊柱后凸角平均41.6°(10°-90°),矫正率为65%;C7铅垂线距S1后上缘距离术后平均5.2 mm(-12至23 mm),矫正率为73%。神经并发症2例次,占6%;非神经并发症2例次,占6%。术后患者各解剖参数均较术前显著改善(P0.05)。随访期间所有患者的截骨节段均获得骨性融合,无脊髓损伤并发症出现,无矫形角度丢失。通过对僵硬性角状后凸畸形患者术前、术后的脊柱-骨盆测量参数进行测量,能够得出脊柱-骨盆序列的参数关系以及躯干矢状位平衡状态的参数关系,获得截骨角度的技术参数,实现预手术设计,术中选择合适截骨平面,使修复结果更接近于人体脊柱、腰椎的生物力学特点。     

后路全脊椎切除折顶矫形术治疗重度脊柱角状后凸

目的：评价后路全脊椎切除折顶矫形术治疗重度脊柱角状后凸畸形的安全性和临床初步效果.方法：采用后路全脊椎切除折顶矫形术治疗重度脊柱角状后凸畸形患者15例,其中先天性椎体形成不良9例,骨病治愈型胸腰椎结核3例,陈旧性脊柱骨折2例,神经纤维瘤病1例 合并神经损伤4例,其中Frankel C级1例、D级3例.术前矢状面角状后凸Cobb角 82°～150°,平均106°.结果：术后矢状面后凸Cobb角12°～45°,平均26.6°,矫正率75.8%.平均随访25.5个月,矫正度无显著丢失.所有患者获得良好的骨性愈合,无脊髓损伤.4例合并神经损害者术后6个月神经功能均恢复到Frankel E级.结论：全脊椎切除折顶矫形术治疗重度脊柱角状后凸畸形疗效满意,安全性好.     

影像学参数与近端交界性后凸相关性的Meta分析

目的 探讨影像学参数与近端交界性后凸(PJK)畸形的关系。方法 在PubMed、CNKI和万方数据库以“risk factor”“proximal junctional kyphosis”和“危险因素”“近端交界性后凸畸形”为关键词检索2015年5月之前的文献。提取的数据主要有融合到S₁、术前T_5~12胸椎后凸角＞40°、C₇椎体偏移距离(SVA)≥5 cm,并进行Meta分析,在固定效应模型下,用优势比(OR)衡量影像学参数。结果 经筛选,共10 篇文献入选本研究,共纳入患者1 851例,术后551例发生PJK,发生率为29.8%。融合到S₁、术前SVA≥5 cm、术前T_5~12胸椎后凸角＞40°与发生PJK的各研究间均无明显异质性(I²=0、19%、0,P值均>0.10),均选用固定效应模型进行分析。Meta分析结果显示,融合到S₁的患者术后更易发生PJK(OR=2.12, 95%CI 1.57~2.87; Z=4.87, P<0.01);术前SVA≥5 cm的患者术后更易发生PJK(OR=2.53, 95%CI 1.24~5.18;Z=2.55, P=0.01);术前T_5-12胸椎后凸角＞40°的患者术后更易发生PJK(OR=2.86, 95%CI 1.73~4.13;Z=4.44, P<0.01)。结论 PJK的发生是多因素共同作用的结果,现有的数据提示融合到S₁、术前T_5~12胸椎后凸角＞40°和术前SVA≥5 cm是PJK发生的危险因素。     

脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡状态与骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形效果的关系

背景：骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的高患病率给社会经济和医疗带来较大的负担,并且临床治疗中对于最佳治疗的时间以及方法存在重大争议,经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗可减少椎体压缩性骨折的并发症,减轻疼痛,加强结构完整性。目的：探究脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡状态对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折球囊扩张椎体后凸成形疗效的影响。方法：回顾性分析2018年8月至2020年1月合肥市第一人民医院收治的74例行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗的病历资料,根据术后随访康复效果分为疗效良好组与疗效欠佳组,每组37例。术前及术后随访比较两组患者的目测类比评分、日本骨科协会评分以及影像学资料等。结果与结论：(1)术后疗效欠佳组有3例患者发生骨水泥渗漏,疗效良好组4例患者发生骨水泥渗漏;(2)在术前与术后1个月时,两组患者的日本骨科协会评分与目测类比评分相比无明显差异(P> 0.05),在术后12个月时均明显改善,其中疗效良好组明显优于疗效欠佳组(P <0.05);(3)术前两组患者的伤椎高度丢失率、Cobb角、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆入射角、腰椎前凸角、矢状面偏移以及胸椎后凸角相比较均无明显差异(P> 0.05);...     

腰椎退变性后凸截骨矫形内固定后矢状面的平衡变化

BACKGROUND: At present, more and more scholars pay attention to the influence of spine and pelvis sagittal balance on the quality of life of patients. Postoperative changes in spine imaging parameters following corrective osteotomy for lumbar degenerative kyphosis have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative changes in sagittal balance following corrective osteotomy for lumbar degenerative kyphosis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 35 consecutive lumbar degenerative kyphosis patients treated with posterior osteotomy fixation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2012 to December 2014. Imaging parameters were measured before fixation, immediately after fixation and during final follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were significant differences between preoperative and postoperative parameters except for pelvic incidence angle (P < 0.05). (2) There were significant differences between postoperative and last follow-up parameters except for Cobb angle, pelvic incidence angle, thoracic kyphosis angle and the thoracolumbar kyphosis (P < 0.05). (3) Pelvic tilt angle was negatively correlated with lumbar lordosis after fixation (r=-0.610, P < 0.001). Thoracic kyphosis was positively correlated with lumbar lordosis (r=0.598, P < 0.001). (4) Results suggested that lumbar sagittal contour can be significantly improved by corrective osteotomy for lumbar degenerative kyphosis. Simultaneously, reciprocal changes in the adjacent areas such as thoracic spine and pelvis occur to adapt to the new sagittal balance.      

退变性腰椎滑脱患者坐-立位脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列的影像变化

文题释义：退变性腰椎滑脱：是一类常见的老年退变性疾病,影像学上表现为在椎弓完整的情况下,一个椎体相对于另一个椎体向前或向后移位,好发于L_4-5节段,临床上多表现为腰椎管狭窄症状,行走后症状加重,休息时减轻,保守治疗效果不佳时通常需要手术治疗。  脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列：由脊柱和骨盆共同构成,在正常生理状态下,脊柱在矢状面呈“S”形,上承头颅,下连骨盆,有颈、胸、腰、骶4个生理弯曲,对于维持脊柱平衡具有重要意义。脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列的异常与退变性腰椎滑脱等疾病发生、发展相关,同时脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列受姿势的影响,当姿势变化时脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列也会发生相应改变。 背景：脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列对于退变性腰椎滑脱的诊治十分重要,但是目前关于退变性腰椎滑脱患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列的研究局限在站立位体位,坐位下的脊柱-骨盆矢状面序列未见相关报道。 目的：分析退变性腰椎滑脱患者坐-立位脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列的影像学资料,探究退变性腰椎滑脱患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列从站立位到坐位的变化特点。 方法：纳入2019年3至9月天津市天津医院收治的44例退变性腰椎滑脱患者,其中男12例,女32例,年龄50-84岁,所有患者均拍摄站立位全脊柱X射线片和坐位全脊柱X射线片,通过院内影像归档与通信系统测量每例患者的骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角、矢状面平衡轴等参数,比较退变性腰椎滑脱患者站立位、坐位矢状位序列的不同,运用Pearson相关分析探讨站立位、坐位脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数间相关性。试验获得天津市天津医院伦理委员会批准。 结果与结论：①由站立位转变为坐位时,44例退变性腰椎滑脱患者的骨盆倾斜角增大[(21.3±10.1)°,(34.0±10.4)°,P < 0.001]、骶骨倾斜角减小[(31.5±8.6)°,(20.8±12.7)°,P < 0.001]、腰椎前凸角减小[(40.9±14.6)°,(25.8±15.0)°,P < 0.001]、矢状面平衡轴增大[(43.0±43.4),(75.0±34.8)mm,P < 0.001],骨盆入射角与胸椎后凸角无明显改变(P > 0.05);②无论站位还是坐位,腰椎前凸角与其他5项参数均具有相关性(P < 0.05);由站位转换为坐位后,骶骨倾斜角与矢状位平衡参数矢状面平衡轴的相关性消失(P > 0.05),腰椎前凸角与矢状面平衡轴的相关性仍然存在(P < 0.05);③结果表明退变性腰椎滑脱患者从站位转换为坐位时,脊柱-骨盆矢状位形态表现为骨盆围绕双侧股骨头发生后旋,骨盆呈后倾状态,腰椎生理曲度变浅,脊柱矢状位平衡轴前移。 ORCID: 0000-0002-9690-3188(刘阳) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Sagittal plane analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) anterior instrumentations

Radiographic sagittal plane analysis of VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) anterior instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This is retrospective study. To report, in details about effects of VATS anterior instrumentation on the sagittal plane. Evaluations of the surgical outcome of scoliosis have primarily studied in coronal plane correction, functional, and cosmetic aspects. Sagittal balance, as well as coronal balance, is important in functional spine. Recently, scoliosis surgery applying VATS has been increasingly performed. Its outcome has been reported several times; however, according to our search of the literature, the only one study partially mentioned. The study population was a total of 42 cases of idiopathic scoliosis patients (8 male, 34 female). Their mean age was 15.6 years (13 to 18 years). The 18 cases were Lenke IA type, 16 cases were Lenke IB type, and 8 cases were Lenke IC type. The preoperative Cobb's angle was 54.5 +/- 13.9 degrees. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years and implanted, on average, at the 5.9 level (5 to 8 levels). The most proximal implant was the 4th thoracic spine, and the most distal implant was the 1st lumbar spine. Whole spine standing PA and lateral radiographs were taken before surgery, 2 months after surgery, and at the last follow up (range 24-48 months, mean 35 months). The C7 plumbline proximal junctional measurement (PJM), distal junctional measurement (DJM), thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis angles were measured and compared. In all cases, follow-ups were possible and survived till the last follow up. The Cobb's angle in coronal plane at the last follow up was 19.7 +/- 9.3 degrees and was corrected to 63.8% on average. The preoperative C7 sagittal plumbline before surgery was -13.9 +/- 29.1 mm, the final follow up was -9.9 +/- 23.8 mm, and the average positive displacement was 4 mm. Thoracic kyphosis was increased from preoperative 18.2 +/- 7.7 degrees to 22.4 +/- 7.2 degrees on average at the last follow up, and the increase was, on average, 4.2 degrees. The PJM angel was increased from 6.2+/- 4.3 degrees preoperative to 8.8 +/- 3.7 degrees at the last follow up, and the increment was, on the average, 2.6 degrees. The DJM angle before surgery was 6.8 +/- 5.1 degrees and 6.7 +/- 4 degrees at the last follow up, and did not change noticeably. Preoperative lumbar lordosis was 42 +/- 10.7 degrees and 43.5 +/- 11.1 degrees after surgery. Similarly, it did not change greatly. The scoliosis surgery applying VATS displaced the C7 sagittal plumb line by 4 mm to the anteriorly, increased thoracic kyphosis by 4.2 degrees, and increased PJM by 2.6 degrees. DJM and lumbar lordosis, before and after operation, were not significantly different. Although the surgical technique of VATS thoracic instrumentation is difficult to make the normal thoracic kyphosis, an acceptable sagittal balance can be obtained in Lenke type I adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using VATS.     

Ligamentous connections of the spinal processes

In the cervical region the fibres of the interspinous and nuchal ligaments pass in an anterocranial direction: they act against diminishing of the cervical lordosis. In the thoracic region, longitudinal bundles of fibres connect the tops of the spinous processes; they act against an augmentation of the thoracal kyphosis. Between thoracal kyphosis and lumbal lordosis there is no exact course of the fibres of the interspinous ligts. ("thorakolumbaler Ubergangsbereich"). In the lumbar spine the fibres of the interspinous ligts., being very strong, pass in a posterocranial direction. They have the function of limitation the range of flexion ventrally and of limiting backwards-shifting of the cranial vertebra in dorsal-flexion. In the lumbosacral segment additional fibres, arising from the top of the 5th lumbar spinous process, pass in a posterocaudal direction and interlace with the thoracolumbar fascia, whose fibres form--below the 4th lumbar vertebra--a scissor-latticed structure. The supraspinous ligt. lies superficially to the thoracolumbar fascia. Its fibres pass several spinous processes. It ends caudally at the 4th lumbar spinous process.     

经伤椎植骨短节段固定非融合治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折疗效分析

目的　评价胸腰爆裂骨折短节段固定附加伤椎置钉内固定并椎体内植骨不融合临床疗效。 方法　2011年1月-2013年8月选择51例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者给予附加伤椎固定的三椎体固定,并经伤椎椎体内植骨,不融合进行临床研究。 结果　51例随诊3~26个月,平均18个月,椎体高度和后凸角无明显丟失,无内固定松动、断裂。术后CT片显示椎管狭窄得到明显改善。脊髓损伤恢复程度,按Frankel分级标准评定,平均改善2~3级。 结论　胸腰椎爆裂骨折行伤椎固定使术后脊柱稳定性増加,有利于矫正后凸畸形,保留了胸腰椎运动节段,可有效防止创伤后椎间盘退变的发生,有利于脊髄功能恢复。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者颈椎矢状位曲度变化及影响因素分析

目的　总结48例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者的影像学资料,分析AIS侧凸患者颈椎矢状位曲度变化特点及其影响因素。 方法 AIS患者拍摄站立位脊柱全长正侧位X片以及左右侧屈位片（Bending相）。测量并记录中立位及左右Bending相冠状位Cobb角、颈椎矢状位曲度（C2~7 Cobb角）、胸椎后凸角（T5~12 Cobb角, TK）、腰椎前凸角（L1~5 Cobb角, LL）、骨盆入射角(Pelvic Incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(Sacrum Slop,SS)、骨盆倾斜角(Pelvic Tilt,PT)、C7~S1 及C2~7 SVA (Sagittal Vertical Axis)。26例健康青少年志愿者拍摄脊柱全长正侧位片,记录C2~7 Cobb角。应用两变量相关性分析及t检验作为主要统计方法。 结果 AIS患者颈椎矢状位曲度异常发生率75.0%,后凸发生率47.9%,失平衡发生率10.4%,失平衡者均合并颈椎后凸。AIS患者PI-LL<10°者占所有AIS患者的62.5%。AIS患者与健康青少年相比,C2~7 Cobb角显著性增大（P=0.008）。AIS患者中颈椎后凸组,T5-12 Cobb角显著降低（P =0.011）。胸椎后凸角度<30°组C2~7 Cobb角显著增大（P=0.021）。C2~7 Cobb角与T5~12 Cobb角成负相关(P =0.009）,与L1~5 Cobb角成正相关（P=0.005）。C2~7 Cobb角与冠状位Cobb角度、PI、SS、PT、C7~S1 SVA及Lenke分型未见相关性（P＞0.05）。 结论 AIS患者颈椎矢状位曲度异常者比例高于正常青少年,且多为后凸型。颈椎矢状位曲度与胸椎后凸角度、腰椎前凸角度相关,而与胸腰椎冠状位角度及骨盆指数无关。     

Standing sagittal alignment of the whole axial skeleton with reference to the gravity line in humans

Human beings stand upright with the chain of balance beginning at the feet, progressing to the lower limbs (ankles, knees, hip joints, pelvis), each of the spinal segments, and then ending at the cranium to achieve horizontal gaze and balance using minimum muscle activity. The details of the alignment and balance of the chain, however, are not clearly understood, due to the lack of information regarding the three‐dimensional (3D) orientation of all bony elements in relation to the gravity line (GL). We performed a clinical study to clarify the standing sagittal alignment of whole axial skeletons in reference to the GL using the EOS slot‐scanning 3D X‐ray imaging system with simultaneous force plate measurement in a healthy human population. The GL was defined as a vertical line drawn through the centre of vertical pressure measured by the force plate. The present study yielded a complete set of physiological alignment measurements of the standing axial skeleton from the database of 136 healthy subjects (a mean age of 39.7 years, 20–69 years; men: 40, women: 96). The mean offset of centre of the acoustic meati from the GL was 0.0 cm. The offset of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae was posterior to the GL with the apex of thoracic kyphosis at T7, 5.0 cm posterior to the GL. The sagittal alignment changed to lordosis at the level of L2. The apex of the lumbar lordosis was L4, 0.6 cm anterior to the GL, and the centre of the base of the sacrum (CBS) was just posterior to the GL. The hip axis (HA) was 1.4 cm anterior to the GL. The knee joint was 2.4 cm posterior and the ankle joint was 4.8 cm posterior to the GL. L4‐, L5‐ and the CBS‐offset in subjects in the age decades of 40s, 50s and 60s were significantly posterior to those of subjects in their 20s. The L5‐ and CBS‐offset in subjects in their 50s and 60s were also significantly posterior to those in subjects in their 30s. HA was never posterior to the GL. In the global alignment, there was a positive correlation between offset of C7 vertebra from the sagittal vertical axis (a vertical line drawn through the posterior superior corner of the sacrum in the sagittal plane) and age, but no correlation was detected between the centre of the acoustic meati‐GL offset and age. Cervical lordosis (CL), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence, hip extension, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion increased significantly with age. Our results revealed that aging induces trunk stooping, but the global alignment is compensated for by an increase in the CL, PT and knee flexion, with the main function of CL and PT to maintain a horizontal gaze in a healthy population.     

成人退变性脊柱侧凸长、短节段融合内固定术后中期疗效的分析

目的 探讨成人退变性脊柱侧凸(DS)后路减压长、短节段融合内固定术后中期临床效果。方法 回顾性分析黄山市人民医院脊柱外科2012年1月—2016年12月接受后路减压长、短节段融合内固定术的成人DS患者46例。根据融合节段长短不同分为两组:长节段组26例,男9例、女17例,年龄46～78岁;短节段20例,男7例、女13例,年龄50～76岁。比较两组患者年龄、性别、融合节段数、减压节段数、手术时间、出血量、术后住院时间;根据影像学资料比较两组手术前、术后1年及末次随访时腰椎侧凸Cobb's角、腰椎前凸角及脊柱平衡改善情况,评价矫形效果;结合腰腿痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、腰椎日本骨科协会(JOA)评分与Oswestry 功能障碍指数(ODI),评价两组患者手术前后生活质量改善情况。结果 46例患者随访1.5~3.3年,平均2.2年。两组患者年龄、性别、减压节段数比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。两组患者在融合节段、出血量、手术时间和住院时间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。两组患者Cobb's角、腰椎前凸角的术前、术后1年、末次随访差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),术后1年、末次随访的Cobb's角、腰椎前凸角、冠状面平衡、矢状面平衡均较术前得到明显改善(P值均＜0.05);长节段组的冠状面、矢状面平衡术前均优于短节段组(P值均＜0.05),术后1年及末次随访差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。两组腰痛、腿痛VAS、腰椎JOA评分、ODI评分术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),术后1年、末次随访中长节段组较短节段组均明显改善(P值均＜0.05)。结论 采用长节段融合内固定术治疗DS较短节段融合内固定术可获得更好的中期临床疗效。     

腰椎间盘置换对腰椎前凸的影响

背景：人工全椎间盘置换是近年来治疗腰背部疼痛可选择的方法之一,但有关置换后对腰椎矢状面影响的报道较少。 目的：分析腰椎间盘置换后对腰椎前凸的影响。 方法：回顾性分析17例曾因单节段退变性椎间盘疾病行腰椎间盘置换的患者影像学资料,数据测量包括置换前及置换后腰椎前凸角、病变节段前凸角、腰骶椎间角。 结果与结论：17例患者随访均12个月以上。行椎间盘置换的患者中L_4-5节段病变3例,L₅-S₁节段病变14例。与椎间盘置换前相比,椎间盘置换后平均病变节段前凸角、腰椎前凸角均显著增加(P < 0.05);与椎间盘置换前相比,假体置入后腰骶椎间角增加,但差异无显著性意义。结果提示,对于单节段退变性椎间盘疾病腰椎间盘置换后有助于增加患者腰椎前凸和病变节段前凸角度,有助于改善患者腰椎矢状面平衡。置换后腰骶椎间角与置换节段假体置入角度无关。