新型组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂对结肠癌细胞的增殖抑制作用

目的：观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂（histone deacetylase inhibitor, HDACi）JZ004对结肠癌细胞系HCT-8和HT-29细胞增殖的影响,并初步探讨其抗癌机制。方法用不同浓度JZ004分别处理HCT-8和HT-29细胞, MTT法检测细胞的增殖情况;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期停滞、细胞凋亡;若丹明（rhodamine）123和二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯（ DCFH-DA）测定细胞线粒体跨膜电位及活性氧（ reactive oxygen species ,ROS）产生的变化;免疫印迹法检测细胞内乙酰化组蛋白H3、p21、细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶（CDK）4、Bcl-2、Mcl-1、Bax等相关蛋白的表达水平。结果MTT结果显示,JZ004对结肠癌细胞系的增殖有明显抑制作用,其抑制效果与时间、剂量呈正相关;流式分析结果显示,细胞凋亡率随JZ004浓度提高而增加;JZ004处理72 h后,p21表达水平上调,CDK4蛋白表达下调,细胞周期停滞于G0／G1期而抑制细胞的生长,细胞内ROS产生增多,且线粒体跨膜电位显著下降,促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达呈上调趋势,而抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Mcl-1表达则受到抑制。结论 JZ004作为一种新型的HDACi对结肠癌细胞具有明显的抑制生长和诱导凋亡作用,凋亡诱导机制可能与Bcl-2家族蛋白表达水平变化有关。提示JZ004具有成为结肠癌临床化疗药物的潜能。     

阿托伐他汀对心肌细胞缺氧／复氧损伤的保护作用

目的探讨阿托伐他汀保护心肌细胞缺氧／复氧损伤的机制,为临床防治缺血再灌注损伤寻找新思路。方法分离SD乳鼠（出生1～3d）心肌细胞进行原代培养,建立H/R模型,取培养第3d的心肌细胞随机分成3组：正常对照组（CON组）、H,R组、H／R＋ATV组。应用MTS法检测心肌细胞的存活率;化学发光免疫分析法检测心肌细胞特异性损伤指标肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）的含量;采用SYBRGREEN荧光定量PCR检测各组HIF—1a、VEGFmRNA表达水平。结果与CON组比较,H／R组心肌细胞存活率明显降低（P〈0．05）,血清肌钙蛋白I明显升高（P〈O．05）,HIF—1a和VEGFmRNA表达水平显著升高（P〈0．05）;用阿托伐他汀预处理后心肌细胞存活率明显升高（P〈0．05）,血清肌钙蛋白I明显降低（P〈0．05）,HIF-1d和VEGFmRNA表达水平进一步升高（P〈0．05）。结论阿托伐他汀可能通过上调HIF-1a及VEGF的表达水平进而保护缺氧／复氧损伤的心肌细胞。     

回心草单体成分对H2O2诱导心肌细胞损伤的保护作用研究

目的 建立过氧化氢（H202）诱导心肌细胞损伤模型,并在此模型上研究胡椒碱、胡椒酸甲酯、咖啡酸甲酯、尿嘧啶苷对心肌细胞损伤的保护作用。方法 用H202诱导造成原代培养的心肌细胞损伤模型,将单体化合物分为3个剂量组,作用于正常和损伤的心肌细胞,利用全自动生化分析仪对细胞悬液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶同功酶（CK-MB）含量进行测定。结果 回心草各单体成分对正常心肌细胞无明显影响。胡椒碱和胡椒酸甲酯各剂量组作用的心肌细胞悬液中LDH和CK-MB值与模型组对照有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）,咖啡酸甲酯对CK-MB有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）,尿嘧啶苷无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 对H202诱导的心肌细胞损伤,胡椒酸甲酯和胡椒碱具有明显的保护作用,咖啡酸甲酯具有部分保护作用,尿嘧啶苷无保护作用。     

人Puma启动子荧光素酶报告基因的构建和鉴定

目的：克隆人Puma基因的启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体中,并在细胞内检测其活性。方法：采用PCR技术,从人HepG2细胞中扩增出Puma启动子,插入荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中,测序所扩增的DNA序列,并将其转染入H1299细胞中检测其活性。结果：测序结果表明,扩增的Puma启动子序列正确;双报告基因实验检测荧光素酶活力表明,构建的报告基因具有启动子活性。结论：Puma启动子的克隆及人Puma启动子报告基因的成功构建,为p53家族凋亡通路的功能研究提供了必要的实验材料。     

AIF促进缺氧/复氧诱导的肥大心肌细胞凋亡的研究

目的 探讨凋亡诱导因子(AIF)对缺氧/复氧致肥大心肌细胞凋亡的影响及其意义.方法 分离培养新生昆明系小鼠心肌细胞,应用血管紧张素Ⅱ(0.1μmol/L培养12h)诱导心肌细胞肥大并建立缺氧/复氧模型以模拟缺血/再灌注损伤.实验共分设7组:肥大对照组(HC组)、缺氧8h组(H8h组)、缺氧12h组(H12h组)、缺氧8h/复氧4h组(H8h/R组)、缺氧12h/复氧4h组(H12h/R组)、缺氧12h+siRNA基凶转染组(H12h+siRNA组)、缺氧12h/复氧4h+siRNA基因转染组(H12h/R+siRNA组).AIF小干扰RNA(siRNA)转染心肌细胞后分别采用RT-PCR、Western blotting、Hoechst 33258染色法检测AIF mRNA、蛋白及细胞凋亡率.结果 H8h组、H12h组AIFmRNA(分别为0.52±0.04、0.85±0.10)均较HC组(0.29±0.08)显著升高(P<0.05);H8h组、H12h组蛋白表达水平(分别为2.07±0.15、3.12±0.19)较HC组(1.00±0.04)显著升高(P<0.05),且H12组AIF mRNA、蛋白表达水平均高于H8h组(P<0.05).与单纯缺氧组比较,缺氧后给予复氧刺激,H8h/R组和H12h/R组AIF mRNA(分别为1.09±0.07、1.41±0.12)及蛋白表达水平(分别为4.57±0.25、5.71±0.27)均较单纯缺氧时对应时间组显著升高(P<0.05).H12h+siRNA组可显著抑制肥大心肌细胞AIF的表达,其细胞凋亡率(13.40%±1.53%)与H12h组(12.90%±1.55%)比较无显著差异(P>0.05);H12h/R+siR-NA组肥大细胞凋亡率(24.90%±3.90%)显著高于H12h/R组(14.50%±1.32%,P<0.05).结论 AIF siRNA转染显著减轻缺氧/复氧时肥大心肌细胞凋亡程度,提示AIF促进缺氧/复氧诱导的肥大心肌细胞凋亡.     

人参皂苷Rg1和丹参酮ⅡA配伍对缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

目的探讨复方丹参方中两种主要有效成分人参皂苷Rg1和丹参酮ⅡA不同剂量配伍组合对缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用。方法利用原代培养心肌细胞,采用缺氧-复氧模型造成细胞损伤,通过检测细胞活性、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）渗漏评价保护作用;检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性评价细胞内抗氧化状态。结果人参皂苷Rg1（120μmol/L）和丹参酮ⅡA（4μmol/L）单体,人参皂苷Rg1与丹参酮ⅡA两种单体配伍均可以明显增加缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞活性,组合效果优于单体单独用药。以人参皂苷Rg160μmol/L＋丹参酮ⅡA2μmol/L组合效果最佳。单体组合还可以减轻缺氧-复氧诱导心肌损伤的LDH渗漏,升高SOD活性。结论人参皂苷Rg1与丹参酮ⅡA两种单体配伍对缺氧-复氧损伤心肌细胞具有明显的保护作用,其抗氧化损伤机制可能部分是通过升高SOD酶活性实现的。     

蒺藜总皂苷对缺氧复氧损伤心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl-2与bax表达的影响

目的观察蒺藜总皂苷（GSTT）对培养乳鼠心肌细胞模拟缺血再灌注损伤后心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax表达的影响。方法利用原代培养的SD乳鼠心肌细胞建立模拟心肌缺血再灌注（M1／R）模型,分正常培养组、模型组和蒺藜总皂苷大、小剂量组。流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡率,免疫组化检测心肌细胞凋亡基因bcl-2、bax的表达。结果GSTT大、小剂量组均可显著降低细胞凋亡率（P〈0．05）。GSTT大剂量组可显著上调bcl2表达（P〈0．01）、下调bax表达（P〈0．05）,而GSTT小剂量组可上调bcl—2表达（P〈0．05）,但对bax表达无明显影响。结论GSTT可抑制模拟缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞的凋亡,其作用可能是通过上调bcl-2、下调bax表达实现的。     

Tom70/PNPT1线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的作用及其机制

目的 探讨线粒体外膜转位酶70(Tom70)/多核糖核苷酸核苷转移酶1(PNPT1)线粒体转位调控在大鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤中的作用及其机制。方法 (1)将大鼠H9C2心肌细胞分为对照组(常氧条件培养12 h)与缺氧组(缺氧干预12 h)，采用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率，qPCR检测TUBA mRNA表达情况，Western blotting检测PNPT1蛋白表达情况。(2)利用携带Tom70序列的慢病毒载体转染H9C2细胞，分为NC组(慢病毒阴性对照组，转染慢病毒空载体)、Tom70过表达组(转染携带Tom70序列的慢病毒载体)、缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组，采用Westernblotting检测各组Tom70、PNPT1蛋白表达水平，采用流式细胞术检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组细胞凋亡率，qPCR检测缺氧+NC组、缺氧+Tom70过表达组TUBA mRNA表达情况，免疫共沉淀技术检测细胞中Tom70与PNPT1的相互作用情况。结果 (1)流式细胞术检测结果显示，与对照组比较，缺氧组细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.05)。qPCR检测结果显示，与对照组比较，缺...     

miR-491-5p对缺氧诱导的滋养细胞凋亡的促进作用及其机制

目的 探讨microRNA-491-5p(miR-491-5p)在缺氧诱导的滋养细胞凋亡中的作用及其对子痫前期的影响。方法 选取人绒毛膜滋养层细胞，分为4组：对照组、缺氧组、缺氧+miR-491-5p mimic组和缺氧+miR-491-5p inhibit组。采用细胞活力染色检测滋养细胞凋亡情况，qRT-PCR检测miR-491-5p的表达，TargetScan数据库预测miR-491-5p的靶基因，双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-149-5p与B-细胞淋巴瘤因子2样蛋白2基因(BCL2L2)的靶向关系。miR-491-5pmimic和inhibitor分别转染滋养细胞后，qRT-PCR检测miR-491-5p的表达，Westernblotting检测BCL2L2蛋白的表达改变，细胞活力染色、Western blotting、流式细胞术检测滋养细胞凋亡情况。结果 与对照组比较，缺氧组滋养细胞凋亡率明显增高(P<0.001),miR-491-5p表达明显增高(2.784±0.214 vs. 1.000±0.000,P<0.01)；生物信息学预测与双荧光素酶检测报告实验显示...     

两种不同方法建立H9C2心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型比较

目的探讨氮气(N_2)与连二亚硫酸钠(Na_2S_2O_4)在构建H9C2心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型中的应用价值。方法培养H9C2心肌细胞,当细胞生长状态良好时,分别用N_2、不同浓度的Na_2S_2O_4作用于心肌细胞,在不同时间点检测心肌细胞存活率。结果与空白组比较,各浓度Na_2S_2O_4组的心肌细胞存活率均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常氧对照组比较,各缺氧组的细胞存活率均下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 N_2与Na_2S_2O_4均能造成H9C2心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤,效果均较为显著。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.