多层螺旋CT结合靶区HRCT及多种重建技术对新发现SPN良恶性的诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT结合靶区高分辨率CT （HRCT）及多种重建技术对新发现的孤立性肺结节（SPN）良恶性的诊断价值.方法 直径＜3 cm的新发现SPN患者110例,均先行常规胸部CT扫描,然后以结节为中心对靶区行HRCT扫描,再对靶区进行MPR、SSD等技术重建.根据CT所显示的结节大小、内部结构、边缘征、周围征、强化程度及临床资料作出诊断.结果 影像诊断良性结节22例（其中结核球12例、错构瘤6例、肺囊肿3例、硬化性血管瘤1例）,倾向良性结节36例,倾向恶性结节26例,恶性结节（周围型肺癌）26例.经病理及临床确诊恶性结节51例,影像诊断为周围型肺癌及倾向恶性结节49例,符合率96.1％;良性结节59例,影像诊断为良性及倾向良性结节56例,符合率94.9％.结论 多层螺旋CT结合靶区HRCT及多种重建技术能够对新发现的SPN良恶性作出客观有效的评价.     

MSCT对恶性孤立性肺结节血管改变的研究

目的 研究恶性孤立性肺结节(SPN)血管形态改变,并探讨MSCT诊断价值.方法 分析41例直径≤3 cm SPN患者,采用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)层厚为2.5mm螺旋靶扫描,经工作站行多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、及容积再现(VR)后处理方法,重点显示SPN相关的血管形态改变,并与病理检查结果比较.结果 (1)41例恶性SPN中SPN-血管关系形态改变如下:Ⅰ型肺血管于SPN边缘被截断,一支或多支末端呈杵状增粗.Ⅱ型显示为血管切迹征.Ⅲ型肺血管延伸进入或穿过SPN.结论采用MSCT薄层螺旋靶扫描,结合MPR、CPR、VR等重组方法能准确显示恶性SPN-血管形态改变,对恶性SPN诊断有重要价值.     

MDCT容积灌注扫描联合HRCT对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的探讨多层CT(MSCT)容积灌注扫描联合多排CT(Mdct)对孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性诊断的应用效果及临床价值。方法 2013年2月到2017年3月选择在我院诊治的178例SPN患者为研究对象,给予MDCT容积灌注扫描联合HRCT检查,记录HRCT征象特征与灌注扫描参数,并与病理检查结果进行SPN良恶性判定。结果 178例SPN患者中,病理诊断为恶性SPN 38例,良性SPN 140例。恶性SPN患者的毛刺征、空泡征、钙化征、胸膜牵拉征、分叶征等发生率明显高于良性SPN患者(P 0. 05)。恶性SPN患者的BF、BV、PS值均高于良性SPN(P 0. 05),不同SPN结节患者的MTT值对比差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。MDCT容积灌注扫描联合HRCT对SPN良恶性的鉴别诊断敏感性与特异性分别为100. 0%和98. 6%。结论MDCT容积灌注扫描联合HRCT在SPN诊断的应用具有很好的征象特征,可以同时实现灌注成像,有利于鉴别诊断SPN良恶性状况。     

16排螺旋CT扫描并MPR在孤立性肺结节影像诊断中的价值

目的探讨16排螺旋CT扫描并多平面重建(MPR)在孤立性肺结节(SPN)影像诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的周围型小肺癌21例和良性SPN 29例的CT影像资料,所有患者均行16排螺旋CT容积扫描并MPR。结果 MPR图像比常规横断位扫描更能显示病灶的特殊征象,如胸膜凹陷、血管集束、小钙化、毛刺征、空泡征、棘状突起等。结论 16排螺旋CT扫描并MPR发现SPN的特殊征象更多,对区分SPN的良恶性具有重要价值。     

螺旋CT对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

对86例孤立性肺结节(SPN;恶性59例,良性27例)患者的螺旋CT(SCT)影像学特点进行分析.结果 CT征象中深分叶征和棘突或毛刺征多出现于恶性结节,与病理和随访结果对比,该法判断肺小结节性质的准确率、灵敏度、特异性及阳性、阴性预测值分别为75.6%、76.3%、74.1%、86.5%、58.8%.提示SCT薄层扫描并多层面重建及增强扫描对SPN性质的判断有较高价值.     

CT三维重建在孤立性肺结节鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT三维重建在孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:收集就诊于我院门诊SPN患者29例,64排螺旋CT胸部平扫后三维重建,并与常规胸部CT平扫对比分析。结果:29例患者中良性结节11例,恶性16例,排除诊断2例。毛刺和血管集束征的检出率在胸部CT三维重建中均高于普通胸部CT平扫(均P<0.05)。结论:胸部CT三维重建在观察SPN形态学方面优于普通胸部CT平扫,对SPN的良恶性鉴别有重要价值。     

螺旋CT靶扫描及重建联合Fisher判别在孤立性肺结节良恶性诊断中的作用

目的探讨螺旋CT靶扫描及三维重建技术联合Fisher判别法在孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值及临床作用。方法收集分析80例孤立性肺结节(SPN)患者的CT及临床基本资料,按手术病理为金标准分为良性(n=22)、恶性(n=58)两组,通过多平面重组(MPR)、最小密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)、曲面重建(CPR)等后处理重建技术充分显示肺结节CT形态学特征,如分叶征、支气管截断征、空泡征、毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、棘突征等,将三维数据依据病理结果分为良、恶性两组,以两组间具有统计学意义的的CT形态学特征(分叶征、支气管截断征、空泡征、毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、棘突征)为指标并行Fisher判别,得出标准判别式后,采用交叉核实法计算误判概率。结果靶扫描三维重建技术所获得的SPN阳性征像明显比传统的二维图像多,依据SPN三维重建数据得出的Fisher判别公式为Z=1.094X1+0.614X2-0.420X3-0.960X4-0.310X5+0.679X6+1.035X7,误判率为7.5%,鉴别诊断的准确率达92.5%。结论螺旋CT靶扫描及重建联合Fisher判别在孤立性肺结节良恶性的定性诊断具有较高的临床价值。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术在孤立性肺结节中的应用价值研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建技术在评估孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性中的的临床应用价值。方法收集多层螺旋CT扫描并经病理或临床证实的SPN 40例,应用计算机辅助检查或诊断(CAD)分析软件的多平面重建(MPR)、表面投影显示(SSD)、感兴趣体积(VOI)法等三维重建技术对SPN的基本征象进行分析,鉴别其良恶性,胸部CT常规扫描与CAD在SPN影像征象显示率。结果 1 CAD较胸部CT常规扫描,在显示SPN形态特征分叶征、毛刺征、支气管血管集束征具有统计学差异,P0.05。2 40例SPN中,恶性结节28例,良性结节12例。胸部CT常规扫描对SPN诊断准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为57.5%、53.6%、66.7%、78.9%、38.1%;CAD相应值分别为80.0%、82.1%、75.0%、88.5%、64.3%,均高于胸部CT常规扫描。结论较胸部CT常规扫描,多层螺旋CT三维重建技术能够提供更丰富的诊断信息,对评估SPN良恶性有良好的临床应用价值。     

CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分良恶性肺结节的应用价值

目的探究CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2018年9月至2020年7月确诊的122例SPN患者的临床资料。采用CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统进行分级评定,并以病理诊断结果为“金标准”,分析其准确性、敏感度及特异度,并通过Kappa检验分析其与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果病理诊断证实良性SPN 56例,占45.9%(56/122),多为不典型增生及错构瘤,占28.6%(16/56),恶性SPN 66例,占54.1%(66/122),多为腺癌及鳞癌;肺结节分级标准分类2级31例、3级29例、4A级9例、4B级53例;肺恶性结节中,空泡征、宝石征、肿瘤血管征、毛刺征的发生率明显高于肺良性结节(均P<0.05),而病灶周围有卫星病灶的发生率明显低于肺良性结节(P<0.05);将肺结节分级标准中3级及以下归为阴性结节,4级及以上归为阳性结节,诊断准确率为90.2%。肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节与病理结果表现出了较好的一致性(Kappa=0.803),以肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节的结果与“金标准”(病理诊断结果)比较,得到的敏感度87.9%(58/66)和特异度92.9%(52/56)。结论影像诊断时,合理利用基于CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统能有效地分类CT筛查出的肺结节,较好区分SPN的良、恶性。     

CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分良恶性肺结节的应用价值

目的探究CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2018年9月至2020年7月确诊的122例SPN患者的临床资料。采用CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统进行分级评定,并以病理诊断结果为“金标准”,分析其准确性、敏感度及特异度,并通过Kappa检验分析其与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果病理诊断证实良性SPN 56例,占45.9%(56/122),多为不典型增生及错构瘤,占28.6%(16/56),恶性SPN 66例,占54.1%(66/122),多为腺癌及鳞癌;肺结节分级标准分类2级31例、3级29例、4A级9例、4B级53例;肺恶性结节中,空泡征、宝石征、肿瘤血管征、毛刺征的发生率明显高于肺良性结节(均P<0.05),而病灶周围有卫星病灶的发生率明显低于肺良性结节(P<0.05);将肺结节分级标准中3级及以下归为阴性结节,4级及以上归为阳性结节,诊断准确率为90.2%。肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节与病理结果表现出了较好的一致性(Kappa=0.803),以肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节的结果与“金标准”(病理诊断结果)比较,得到的敏感度87.9%(58/66)和特异度92.9%(52/56)。结论影像诊断时,合理利用基于CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统能有效地分类CT筛查出的肺结节,较好区分SPN的良、恶性。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.