膀胱软镜下逆行留置单J管治疗回肠膀胱术后输尿管回肠膀胱吻合口狭窄

输尿管-回肠膀胱吻合口狭窄是回肠膀胱术(Bricker术)后常见并发症之一.2008年1月至2010年9月我们采用膀胱软镜下经造口逆行留置单J管治疗Bricker术后输尿管回肠膀胱吻合口狭窄患者7例,现报告如下.     

全膀胱尿道切除回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱癌26例疗效探讨

目的 探讨膀胱癌行全膀胱及尿道切除回肠膀胱术(Bricker术)的临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析26例膀胱癌患者,一期施行膀胱及尿道全切回肠代膀胱尿流改道术的临床资料.结果 所有病例术后均恢复良好,出现近期并发症5例,无远期并发症.26例均获随访1~10年,平均6.2年,5年生存率67.5%.结论 对于膀胱癌侵犯尿道及前列腺无法保留尿道的患者,采取一期切除膀胱及全尿道回肠膀胱尿流改道术,操作简单易行,术后恢复快、并发症少、疗效确切,推荐为此类患者的优先选择.     

肠代膀胱术中回肠反套入抗输尿管返流方法的临床研究

目的 评价肠代膀胱术中回肠反套入的抗输尿管返流作用。方法 患者5例，男4例，女1例。年龄48～67岁，平均61岁。均为浸润性移行细胞癌，行膀胱全切、回肠正位膀胱术。距回盲部屈氏韧带15cm处切取回肠30cm，近端回肠反套入4cm，回肠段远端肠管对系膜缘纵形剖开，U形缝合；套入肠管与对应肠片均切除1cm宽之黏膜，相应浆肌层可吸收线固定4针，对应黏膜缘缝合，防止套入肠管滑脱；双侧输尿管远端剖开6cm，侧侧吻合后经套入肠管引入，吻合口与套入肠管口间断缝合；U形肠管对折成储尿囊，与尿道吻合。术后定期行血生化、双肾B超、排泄性膀胱造影和尿动力学检查。结果 5例患者随访10～33个月。排尿次数白天3～5次，夜间0～3次；日间控尿100％，夜间控尿80％；尿动力学检查：最大尿流率9．5～31．5ml／s，膀胱容量350～710ml，平均433ml；剩余尿50～305ml；最大膀胱排尿压23～52cmH2O；膀胱出口无梗阻。B超检查双肾无积水。膀胱造影未见输尿管返流。结论 回肠正位膀胱术中回肠反套入方法有良好的抗输尿管返流作用。     

单侧双乳头输尿管腹壁皮肤造口改良术的临床研究(附29例报告)

目的:探讨单侧双乳头输尿管腹壁皮肤造口改良术的临床疗效。方法:1999年8月~2012年9月对29例膀胱全切者采用单侧双乳头输尿管腹壁造口改良术治疗:膀胱全切,游离两侧输尿管通过皮下隧道拉至右下腹,输尿管至少露出皮肤1cm,两个输尿管穿出皮肤的基底间隔1cm,皮肤与输尿管基底缝合,输尿管乳头状外翻后远端黏膜与输尿管壁缝合,置入单J管引流尿液。结果:29例患者随访3个月~3年,乳头外形良好,未发生造口处狭窄与输尿管乳头内陷。结论:单侧双乳头输尿管腹壁皮肤改良造口术方法简单,术后无造口处狭窄和乳头内陷,置管容易,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植治疗输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄

目的探讨腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗复杂的难治性输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄的安全性和可行性。方法 2016年7月～2018年7月对8例全膀胱根治性切除+尿流改道术后共13侧严重的输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄行腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄段切除+输尿管膀胱再植术,术中游离影响操作的肠管显露腹腔空间,寻及回肠膀胱输出道或回肠新膀胱近端,辨认并游离输尿管末端,切除输尿管回肠吻合口狭窄段,4-0可吸收线连续全层缝合输尿管-回肠前后壁。术后通过影像学检查评估治疗效果,Clavien系统分级评判术后并发症的严重程度。结果 8例输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术,其中1例损伤部分回肠浆膜层,间断缝合后痊愈。单侧手术时间(102±26) min,双侧手术时间(146±21) min。术中出血量(90±30) ml。术后Ⅰ级并发症5例,无尿漏、肠漏及需要手术干预的肠梗阻发生。8例随访9～18个月,平均12. 4月,6例治愈,2例好转。结论腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗复杂的难治性输尿管-回肠吻合口狭窄安全、可行,尤其适用于狭窄段超过1 cm的患者。     

改良Sigma直肠膀胱术109例报告

目的 观察改良Sigma直肠膀胱术可控性尿流改道的临床疗效.方法 对109例膀胱癌患者行改良Sigma直肠膀胱术.折叠乙状结肠约25 cm后全层切开,缝合成低压袋,顶端固定在骶岬处,两输尿管并腔后从低压袋上方引入,作外翻乳头插入式吻合. 结果术后患者尿控率100%,无尿失禁,未发生明显酸碱平衡紊乱.双肾积水1例,行穿刺造瘘;1例吻合口狭窄,扩张后好转;1例右侧返流性肾盂肾炎、肾功能减退,行乙状结肠皮肤造口后改善.结论 Sigma直肠膀胱术并发症低、尿控效果好,是一种生理干扰小、安全并简单易行的尿流改道方法.     

回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术与Bricker术的疗效对比

目的分别对全膀胱切除术后行回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术、Bricker术的膀胱尿路上皮癌患者进行长期随访,评价两种尿流改道术式的临床疗效。方法 2010年1月至2019年4月,我科共行98例全膀胱切除术,其中57例行回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术(造瘘术组),41例行Bricker术(Bricker术组),比较两种不同术式患者的一般资料、围手术期情况、术后并发症等。结果两组一般临床资料比较,差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05);造瘘术组平均手术时间(4.4±0.3)h,显著低于Bricker术组(5.8±0.3)h(P<0.05),但两组在术中出血、术后住院时间、术后拔除盆腔引流管时间、术后拔除输尿管支架时间等方面无统计学差异(P>0.05);造瘘术组术后总肾功异常发生率(2.0%vs.11.2%)、造瘘口周围皮炎及疤痕发生率(0.0%vs.10.2%)均显著低于Bricker术组(P<0.05)。此外,两组患者在随访时间、术后TNM分期、漏尿、肠梗阻、肾积水、膀胱结石、回肠造瘘口坏死或狭窄等方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论与Bricker术相比,回肠膀胱腹壁造瘘术临床疗效可靠,手术疗效无明显差别,但手术时间更短,术后总肾功异常发生率更低、造瘘口并发症更少,可弥补Bricker术的不足,有望成为更加理想的尿流改道术式。     

乙状结肠膀胱

近代选用一段肠袢做导管行尿流改道,于泌尿科应用比较广泛。1950年Bricker首创的回肠膀胱术至今仍提倡应用,认为是一种较好的尿流改道方法。但通过大量病例的远期随访观察,术后的上行性肾盂肾炎、尿路结石和上尿路梗阻等并发症的发病率是较高的。主要病因是造口狭窄,残余尿感染,输尿管纤维化和尿液通过回肠袢时成分的改变引起的电解质紊乱。因此,理想之尿流改道应是无造口狭窄,无残余尿,无输尿管逆流和电解质紊乱。近年的动物试验和临床实践证明乙状结肠膀胱是具有上     

输尿管回肠膀胱端端吻合在全膀胱切除术中的应用

目的:探讨全膀胱切除、Bricker术(回肠膀胱术)中输尿管-回肠端端吻合术的优势及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析13例全膀胱切除、Bricker术中行输尿管-回肠端端吻合术患者的临床资料:男10例,女3例。术前均行膀胱镜检查并活检确诊为浸润性膀胱癌,病变均位于膀胱颈及以上。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间205~260min,平均230min。输尿管-回肠吻合时间8~10min。术后2周拔除单J管,无漏尿发生。随访1~5年,B超或造影显示无肾积水和输尿管扩张。结论:全膀胱切除、回肠膀胱术中采用输尿管-回肠端端吻合术,操作简单、省时,术后并发症少,方法较为理想,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

改良Sigma直肠膀胱术

目的：评价改良Sigma术式可控性尿流改道的临床疗效。方法：对14例膀胱、前列腺肿瘤患者采用改良Sigma术式。折叠乙状结肠约25cm后全层切开，再缝合成低压袋，顶端固定在骶岬处，两输尿管末端合并吻合并外翻形成乳头，从低压袋上方引入再植。结果：全膀胱切切险后的直肠膀胱术平均手术时间65min。术后1例发生直肠阴道瘘，经横结肠造口后瘘口自愈；1例左肾积水伴上尿路感染者经输尿管顺行扩张后恢复正常，患者术后3个月发生血钾，补充枸橼酸钾后治愈。全组无尿失禁，肾功能损害及严重上尿路感染等并发症。结论改良Sigma手术时间短，对肠管扰动小、操作简便、术后尿控满意，上尿路积水，感染、电解质紊乱等并发症少，可明显提高患者生活质量。     

复杂性后尿道狭窄81例治疗分析

目的探讨复杂性后尿道狭窄或闭锁的手术治疗方法,提高手术治疗效果。方法1991～2008年收治的81例复杂性后尿道狭窄／闭锁患者,狭窄／闭锁段长度为3～10cm,其中〉5cm者27例;66例曾有1～4次手术史;62例行改良尿道套人术,19例尿道端端吻合术;73例经会阴或腹会阴切口,8例经耻骨或切除部分耻骨下缘切口。15例应用尿道替代物成形。结果76例（93．8％）术后排尿满意,5例失败,其中改良尿道套入术和尿道端端吻合术成功率分别为95．2％（59／62）、89．5％（17／19）（P〉0．05）。15例应用尿道替代物成形术均取得成功。结论复杂性后尿道狭窄／闭锁的治疗应根据尿道病变情况选择不同的手术径路及术式,改良尿道套入术具有创伤小、操作简便、成功率高等优点。尿道狭窄段〉5cm者应考虑应用尿道替代物成形。     

改良尿道拖入术治疗外伤性后尿道狭窄36例疗效分析

目的:探讨中号硅胶引流管作为牵引固定装置的改良尿道拖入术,治疗外伤性后尿道狭窄或闭锁的效果。方法:2001年1月～2005年6月我科采用此方法治疗复杂外伤性后尿道狭窄或闭锁患者36例。其中25例为骨盆骨折外伤后1期尿道会师术术后尿道闭锁,余11例为骨盆骨折外伤后仅行膀胱造瘘术。尿道狭窄长度1.0～4.5cm,平均2.2cm。患者年龄17～59岁,平均44.5岁。术前并发ED9例。结果:术后随访1年,25例排尿通畅,无需尿道扩张;6例术后需行尿道扩张3～6次;3例术后需定期尿道扩张1年以上(1～3个月扩1次);2例失败。手术中无1例需要输血,术后ED患者无增加,无术后尿失禁发生。结论:改良尿道拖入术操作简单,手术效果好,损伤小,无ED、尿失禁发生。     

改良尿道套入术在后尿道狭窄/闭锁治疗的应用

目的:评估应用改良尿道套入术治疗后尿道狭窄/闭锁的可行性和安全性,提高手术治疗效果。方法:对应用改良尿道套入术治疗的212例后尿道狭窄/闭锁患者进行回顾性分析,狭窄闭锁段长度1.5～12 cm。66例曾有1～4次失败尿道手术史,208例经会阴或腹会阴切口、4例经会阴+切除部分耻骨下缘切口。15例应用游离包皮内板或/和膀胱粘膜进行尿道替代成形。结果:198例(93.4%)术后排尿满意,其中16例分别行尿道扩张3～15次后排尿正常,14例失败者,10例再次、2例3次手术成功、1例长期尿道扩张、1例长期留置膀胱造瘘管,15例应用尿道替代物成形者14例1次取得成功、1例术后19个月仍定期尿道扩张,所有患者无严重并发症。结论:改良尿道套入术治疗后尿道狭窄/闭锁是可行、安全的,具有创伤小、操作简便、成功率高等优点。尿道狭窄段>5 cm者应考虑应用尿道替代物成形。     

An unusual solution to complicated prostatic urethral stricture: modified pull-through urethroplasty-urethroneocystostomy

A modified transpubic pull-through procedure was used in a failed Solovov-Badenoch pull-through repair of a traumatic prostatomembranous urethral stricture. The modification consisted of an incision of the intracrural septum through which the mobilized bulbous urethra was then passed and anastomosed to the most available dependent portion of the anterior bladder wall. The outcome was an unexpectedly good result that has persisted for more than 30 months. A review of the literature revealed no absolutely similar procedure.     

后尿道狭窄外科治疗191例临床分析

目的探讨后尿道手术方法的选择及疗效。方法回顾分析1990年1月-2006年1月本院收治的191例后尿道狭窄或闭锁患者的临床资料。术前191例均行尿道造影,62例行尿道超声检查,48例行尿道镜检查,4例行尿道磁共振成像（MRI）检查。26例患者行尿道内切开;165例患者行开放性手术,其中单纯经会阴尿道吻合术66例,经会阴切开阴茎中隔48例,经会阴切除耻骨下缘30例,经耻骨尿道吻合术18例,尿道拖入术3例。术后随访6～48个月,平均26．6个月。结果后尿道狭窄或闭锁长度为1．5～8．0cm,平均3．6cm。后尿道狭窄（尿道连续性尚存）31例（16％）;后尿道完全闭锁160例（84％）,其中闭锁段〈3cm者102例（53．4％）,闭锁段〉3cm者58例（30．6％）。手术总体成功率（最大尿流率〉15ml／s）为84．3％（161／191）,其中尿道内切开为69％（18／26）,开放性手术为86．6％（143／165）。单纯经会阴尿道吻合术、经会阴切开阴茎中隔、经会阴切除耻骨下缘、经耻骨尿道吻合术及尿道拖入术的成功率分别为97％（64／66）、79％（38／48）、80％（24／30）、83％（15／18）和67％（2／3）。后尿道狭窄（尿道连续性尚存）的成功率为94％（29／31）;闭锁段〈3cm的患者为90％（92／102）;闭锁段〉3cm患者为69％（40／58）。结论开放性手术疗效优于尿道内切开,后尿道狭窄或闭锁段〈3cm患者疗效较好。     

Ileo-ureteral reflux after urinary diversion through an ileal conduit

The authors made a comparative study (intravenous urography, loopography and loopomanometry) between patients with inverted antireflux anastomosis, as proposed by Melchior, and 12 patients with classical uretero-ileostomy (Bricker bladder). Inverting the anastomosis results in greater incidence of obstruction, while less complications were seen using the classical technique. The importance of reflux in ileal loops and the validity of the classical and manometry loopogram is discussed. Antireflux procedure is only indicated in cases with dilated ureters.     

Improvement of ureteroileal anastomosis in orthotopic ileal neobladder with modified le duc procedure: short submucosal tunnel technique

PURPOSE: A modified Le Duc procedure with a short submucosal tunnel was applied for ureteroileal implantation in ileal orthotopic neobladder and bladder augmentation with the ileum. We assessed the rate of stenosis and ureteral reflux at the ureteroileal anastomosis after this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two women and 22 men underwent radical cystectomy and creation of a Hautmann ileal neobladder for invasive bladder cancer. Another woman underwent ileal bladder augmentation with bilateral ureteral reimplantation into the ileal segment. Ureteroileal anastomosis was performed using the modified Le Duc technique in 48 renoureteral units. Followup in all patients included retrograde cystography done before discharge home and excretory urography, renal ultrasonography or abdominal computerized tomography every 4 to 6 months. Followup was 11 to 39 months in 23 of the 25 cases. RESULTS: Retrograde cystography before discharge home revealed no urinary reflux in any reimplanted ureter. There was no ureteral stenosis or reflux in 20 male and 3 female patients (44 renoureteral units) who voided successfully without catheterization. A unilateral ureteral stricture at the ureteroileal anastomotic site in 1 man who voided successfully was treated with endoscopic surgery. Bilateral slight upper urinary tract dilatation caused by ureteral reflux was present in another man who did not void successfully. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Le Duc technique is simple and safe for forming an ureteroileal anastomosis in ileal orthotopic neobladder creation. It appears to have a low ureteral stenosis and reflux complication rate in patients who successfully void postoperatively.     

Management of tuberculous-contracted bladder with bilateral duplex collecting system: a case report with modified robotic urinary tract reconstructive surgery

Tuberculous bladder contracture with a bilateral duplicated collecting system is rare. According to anatomic variation, the surgical treatment strategy is highly individualized. We illustrate our robotic technique of urinary tract reconstruction. A 19-year-old girl with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) as a young child presented with a complaint of increasing frequency of micturition, nocturia, urgency, and urge incontinence starting at the age of 17. Clinical and imaging examinations demonstrated tuberculous contracted bladder with a bilateral duplex collecting system. The patient underwent a robot-assisted Institute of Urology Peking University (IUPU) orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction. This is a modified urinary tract reconstructive method, including resection of the end of the duplex ureters and diseased contracted bladder with preservation of the proximal urethra and bladder neck, ileal harvesting and IUPU strategy to reconstruct an ileal neobladder, uretero-ileal anastomosis and neobladder-bladder neck anastomosis. The patient remained symptom-free without recurrence of TB and had improved renal function during the one-year follow-up after surgery. Thus, our robot-assisted IUPU orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction method is an effective approach for this benign case. It can effectively increase bladder capacity, reduce intravesical pressure, and improve symptoms such as urination frequency and urgency.     

Technique Selection of Bricker or Wallace Ureteroileal Anastomosis in Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion: A Strategy Based on Patient Characteristics

Objectives

This study was designed to establish an individualized selection strategy for the two most common types of ureteroenteric anastomotic techniques (Bricker and Wallace anastomosis) used in ileal conduit (IC) diversion.

Methods

Patients who underwent IC diversion after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma between January 2009 and December 2011 were prospectively collected. The choice of anastomosis type (Bricker vs. Wallace) was successively based on tumor characteristics, ureteral anomalies, and ureteral length after retrosigmoidal tunneling.

Results

Ninety-nine patients were enrolled in the final study. Fifty-three patients underwent Bricker anastomosis, and 46 underwent Wallace anastomosis. Ureteral stricture developed in 6 (6.1 %) patients and the overall stricture rate for all ureters was 3.1 % (6/196). Strictures occurred at an average of 13.3 months after surgery and were predominately located in the left ureter (66.7 %, 4/6). The difference in the ureter stricture rates between the two groups was not statistically significant: 3.8 % (4/104) and 2.2 % (2/92) for Bricker and Wallace, respectively (p = 0.686). There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of pelvic radiation therapy, length of stay, follow-up time, or time to stricture between the two techniques. Patients in whom stricture developed had a significantly higher mean BMI compared with those without stricture (25.2 vs. 23.3 kg/m², respectively; p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Our preliminary outcomes demonstrate that this selection strategy of Bricker vs. Wallace anastomosis seems to be clinically reliable, providing an acceptable low ureteral stricture rate of 3.1 %. However, the potential advantage for oncologic control of this strategy is needed to further confirm.     

易性病阴茎再造术中尿道口吻合的改良术式介绍

目的介绍易性病患者(女转男)阴茎再造术中尿道吻合的改良术式,观察其临床效果。方法回顾性分析2016年12月至2020年12月海军军医大学第二附属医院行阴茎和尿道再造手术的易性病(女转男)病例资料。在以阴道黏膜预置的下腹部皮瓣或股前外侧皮瓣行阴茎和尿道再造的手术中,将二期法改为三期法,即二期手术时在预置尿道口的近会阴端预留2 cm宽的皮瓣桥,将预制尿道口与阴阜处预留的尿道口通过皮瓣桥缝合,即两个尿道口之间以此2 cm皮瓣隔开而不做吻合,6个月后再行三期尿道吻接手术。对患者阴茎再造术后尿道功能进行随访,主要观察是否有尿瘘、能否站立排尿,以及尿道通畅情况。结果共纳入6例易性病(女转男)患者,年龄29~40岁,手术过程顺利,其中4例采用右侧股前外侧皮瓣再造阴茎,2例采用左下腹部皮瓣。6例中有1例患者术后1周阴茎远端皮瓣有少部分坏死,游离植皮术后愈合。术后随访10~30个月,所有患者均未发生尿瘘,都能站立排尿,尿道未发生狭窄、完全通畅。结论下腹部皮瓣或股前外侧皮瓣预置尿道、阴茎再造术中,三期改良尿道吻合的技术可以降低易性病(女转男)患者术后尿瘘和尿道狭窄的发生率。