脂肪栓塞综合征早期诊断方法

目的：探讨亚临床期脂肪栓塞的特点及诊断方法。方法：采用同种异体犬长骨骨髓脂肪静脉注射，建立实验模型。１４只健康杂种犬注射液体脂肪（０．７ｍｌ／ｋｇ）后，均发生脂肪栓塞综合征。结果：提出亚临床期脂肪栓塞综合征早期诊断新方法：从肺微血管血和周围静脉血中获取血凝块进行快速冰冻切片，经油红“Ｏ”染色后，镜检脂滴。经计算机图像分析证实，肺微血管中脂滴的数量和直径均明显高于周围静脉血。结论：本法具有较高的特异性和敏感性。结合动脉血氧分压下降，可作出亚临床期脂肪栓塞的早期诊断。     

国产聚乙烯醇动脉栓塞的实验研究

目的 :评价国产聚乙烯醇 (PVA)的动脉栓塞效果。方法 :杂种犬 15只 ,选择国产PVA和进口PVA分别栓塞左、右侧肾上极动脉 ,PVA的规格为 2 5 5～ 35 5 μm。 3只犬栓塞后立即处死 ,剩下的犬 1周、4周、12周、2 6周分别处死 3只。处死前进行双侧肾动脉造影 ,然后把双侧肾脏进行组织病理学检查。结果 :国产PVA和进口PVA均能阻塞靶血管和导致双肾上极坏死 ,两种栓塞材料所栓塞的血管在随访中都能再通 ,动脉内的栓子均由PVA和血栓组成 ,国产PVA与进口PVA在其血管周围具有相同的炎症反应 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,国产PVA对动脉壁的破坏 0周时较进口PVA严重 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,1周、4周、12周、2 6周时与进口PVA相同 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :国产PVA与进口PVA具有相似的栓塞效果 ,适合作血管栓塞剂。     

肝癌栓塞治疗中的技术问题

肝癌栓塞治疗中的技术问题中国医科大学第二临床学院放射科郭启勇，常刚，刘兆玉，杨萍珠，陈玉芝，陈丽英，吴振华肝癌的栓塞技术在７０年代兴起后，由于可以引起肿瘤的明显坏死被世界各国的介入放射学同道们用于治疗各种肝脏肿瘤，但是迄今为止仍存在着很多技术问题没有...     

白芨作为血管栓塞剂的应用

白芨作为一种止血中药,传统应用于多种内伤血证、外科血证及溃疡肿毒.现代药理新技术对白芨成分的深入研究,使得白芨的应用领域不断扩大.尤其是现代放射技术的发展,结合白芨的药理性质,使得白芨在血管栓塞治疗方面的基础研究和临床治疗领域得到进一步拓展.     

碘油与不同栓塞剂组合对子宫肌瘤疗效的影响

目的研究以碘油为主组合不同栓塞剂型治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法36例子宫肌瘤患者,随机分为3组,采用与碘油不同栓塞剂组合,行双侧子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)治疗。Ⅰ组碘油 无水乙醇;Ⅱ组碘油 平阳霉素;Ⅲ组碘油 平阳霉素 无水乙醇 明胶海绵粒。术后随访观察月经恢复情况、瘤体大小、有无并发症发生等。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组UAE治疗后,子宫肌瘤缩小>50%分别为3、4、8例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ3组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组间并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论碘油与无水乙醇、平阳霉素、明胶海绵粒联合栓塞子宫肌瘤其疗效优于其它组合剂型。     

关于血管栓塞术的思考

经导管血管栓塞术是介入放射学的三大重要技术之一 ,并为日常工作的主要部分 ,特别是在国内近2 0年的不断研究和临床应用 ,栓塞术似成为成熟的技术。但笔者感到对于栓塞术从理论到临床仍有不少值得思考的地方。栓塞术的作用机制似较简单 ,栓塞物一旦注入血管则可将靶血管阻塞 ,它有三方面的影响。 1 .对靶血管 ;2 .靶器官 (包括肿瘤和血管本身 )。 3.局部血流动力学 ,但影响的程度则取决于许多因素 ,诸如 ,栓塞水平、栓塞程度、栓塞剂种类和数量、靶器官本身的状态等 ,其中前两者的影响较大。栓塞水平是指栓塞所造成的血管闭塞的部位 ,可分…     

聚丙烯腈多块共聚物肾动脉栓塞的实验研究

聚丙烯腈(PAN)可作为一种新型的治疗用栓塞剂。本研究旨在检测PAN的二种液态制剂和其固态微粒制剂(微粒直径100～400微米)的栓塞效果。将18只白兔平均分成三组,分别用上述的一种制剂进行单侧肾动脉栓塞。PAN对所有被栓塞的肾脏均能造成梗塞。采用血管造影和病理检查观察其梗塞效用,结果表明PAN是一个可靠而有效的肾动脉栓塞剂。     

部分性脾栓塞的若干问题探讨及展望

脾功能亢进（脾亢）可有多种原因引起,导致一种或多种血细胞减少,产生严重后果,以往的外科脾切除术常伴有机体免疫功能下降,易并发感染及出血。据Diamond报道,脾切除术后凶险感染或脓毒血症的发病率为0.58％～0．86％,为正常人群的50～80倍,凶此脾切除术不再被认为无关紧要。1973年Maddison首先用自身血凝块行部分性脾栓塞（partial splenic embolization,PSE）治疗门静脉高压伴脾亢取得成功以来,随着介入医学的发展,脾动脉栓塞术广泛应用于临床,PSE被认为是脾亢患者治疗的首选方法。PSE的方法按栓子的注入方式不同可分为两种：（1）低压分流法：即将导管端置于脾动脉主干注入栓塞剂,     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）