不同透析方式对终末期肾脏疾病患者钙磷代谢及炎症因子水平的影响

目的观察腹膜透析(PD)与血液透析(HD)对终末期肾脏疾病(ESRD)患者钙磷代谢及炎症因子水平的影响。方法筛选2016年1月至2019年2月在本院肾内科接受血液净化治疗的126例ESRD患者作为实验对象,应用分层随机分组法将所有患者分为两组,PD组(63例)给予非卧床持续性腹膜透析治疗,HD组(63例)给予血液透析治疗,观察两组患者治疗前、治疗后6个月后的钙磷代谢水平(血钙水平、血磷水平)、炎症因子水平[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)]以及肾功能[肾小球滤过率(GFR)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)]的差异情况,对比两组患者治疗期间的并发症发生情况。结果PD组和HD组治疗后的血钙水平、血磷水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HD组的CRP水平高于PD组(P<0.05),但两组的TNF-α、IL-6水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者的CFR、BUN、Scr水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PD组的感染、低蛋白血症、充血性心力衰竭的发生率高于HD组(P<0.05),心率失常低于HD组(P<0.05),两组的高血压发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PD和HD都可以有效改善ESRD患者的钙磷代谢情况和肾功能状态,但PD、HD治疗后都有轻微的炎症反应,且HD的炎症反应高于PD;建议根据临床实际情况选择最适宜患者的血液净化方式。     

丹芪地黄汤对非透析糖尿病肾病患者肾功能及炎性反应的改善作用研究

目的:探讨中医方剂丹芪地黄汤治疗非透析糖尿病肾病(DN)对肾功能、炎性反应程度的影响。方法:选取2017年7月—2019年7月本院收治的110例DN患者作为研究对象进行前瞻性研究,根据就诊顺序分为中西医组和对照组各55例,两组患者均给予基础的西医方式治疗,中西医组患者同时服用丹芪地黄汤,疗程8周;对比治疗前后的尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、尿-N-乙酰β-D-氨基葡萄糖甘酶(NAG)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、中医症候积分。结果:治疗前,中西医组和对照组的mAlb、尿NAG、血Scr、BUN、β_2-MG、TNF-α、TGF-β、IL-6、IL-18水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,中西医组患者的mAlb、尿NAG、血Scr、BUN、β_2-MG、TNF-α、TGF-β、IL-6、IL-18水平均低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者治疗后的mAlb、尿NAG、血Scr、BUN、β_2-MG、TNF-α、TGF-β、IL-6、IL-18水平均低于治疗前(P0.05);治疗前,中西医组和对照组的中医症候主症、次症、中医症候总分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,中西医组患者的主症、次症、中医症候总分均低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者治疗后的主症、次症、中医症候总分均低于治疗前(P0.05)。结论:中医方剂丹芪地黄汤再常规西医治疗方法的基础上应用,对于进一步改善DN患者的肾功能、减轻炎性反应水平具有重要作用。     

透析充分性、微炎症和残存肾功能对血液透析患者营养状态的影响

目的探讨透析充分性、微炎症和残存肾功能对血液透析患者营养状态的影响。方法本院维持性血液透析患者114例入选。检测指标包括（1）整体营养状况：使用MQSGA评估表并测定血清胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）1、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）、Hb、Alb。（2）人体指数学测定。（3）血液透析充分性：测定血清iPTH、β2-MG、BUN并计算Kt／V、nPCR。（4）残存肾功能：测量患者24h尿量。（5）微炎症：测定血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α。结果（1）Kt／V、iPTH、β2-MG分别与测量握力（HGS）、上臂中部肌肉周径（MAMC）、无骨上臂肌肉面积（AMA）、Alb、Hb、nPCR、IGF-1相结合，MQSGA呈不同程度的相关和回归关系。（2）残存尿量在血透第1年内，与HGS、肱三头肌皮褶（TSF）、MAMC、Alb、nPCR、IGF-1呈显著相关和回归关系。（3）IL-6、TNF-α、CRP分别与HGS、MAMC、AMA、Alb、TSF、Hb、nPCR、IGF-1呈不同程度的相关和回归关系。（4）影响血透患者营养状况的因素分别是Kt／V、iPTH、IL-6、TNF—α、β2-MG、残存尿量，其中Kt／V、iFFH、IL-6、TNF—α是独立影响因素。结论血液透析中小分子毒素的透析不充分，微炎症可能是患者营养不良的关键因素之一。残存肾功能可能在透析第1年内对营养状况有显著影响。在上述诸因素中。Kt／V、iPTH、IL-6、TNF-α是影响营养状态的独立因素。     

不同血液净化方式对ESRD患者血清FGF-23清除效果观察

目的:观察不同血液净化方式清除终末期肾病(ESRD)患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF-23)的效果,为ESRD患者选择合理血液净化方式提供参考依据。方法:选择我院2013年4月~2015年2月收治的60例行维持性血液透析的ESRD患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为:血液透析(HD)组、血液透析+血液透析滤过(HD+HDF)组和血液透析+血液灌流(HD+HP)组,每组各20例。治疗12周后比较三组患者的血清FGF-23、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血钾、血磷、血钙、甲状旁腺素(PTH)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β水平变化情况。结果:治疗后HD+HDF组、HD+HP组FGF-23、β2-MG、PTH、血磷均显著低于治疗前,Hb均显著高于治疗前(P0.05);HD组治疗前后各项指标变化不明显(P0.05)。三组患者治疗后血钾、血钙、BUN、Scr、Alb比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后HD+HDF组、HD+HP组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6均显著低于HD组(P0.05),HD组治疗前后无明显变化(P0.05);三组患者感染、出血、心衰竭及内瘘阻塞发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HD+HDF及HD+HP对ESRD患者血清FGF-23等中大分子物质均有较好的清除效果,并能改善患者机体炎症反应程度。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀改善对比剂所致肾功能损害

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)因对比剂引起的肾功能损害的缓解作用及其可能机制。方法 80例接受PCI的ACS患者随机分为两组,术前2～3天每晚顿服阿托伐他汀40mg(40mg他汀组,n=40)或20mg(20mg他汀组,n=40)。分别于术前8h、术后第1天、第2天测定血超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、胱抑素C(CysC)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN),检测尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、微量白蛋白(mALB),计算肌酐清除率(Ccr)和肾小球滤过率(GFR),并进行统计学分析。结果①PCI术后,40mg他汀组中未发现对比剂肾病(CIN)病例,20mg他汀组中1例患者发生CIN(2.50%)。②与术前相比,术后第1天两组患者的α1-MG、Scr及CysC均明显升高(P均0.05),Ccr及GFR明显降低(P均0.05);与术后第一天比,术后第二天两组患者的α1-MG、Scr及CysC均明显降低(P均0.05),而Ccr及GFR明显升高(P均0.05)。③与术前相比,两组患者术后第1天hsCRP均明显升高(P均0.05);与术前第1天相比,术后第2天hsCRP均无明显变化(P均0.05)。④组间相比,术前及术后两组患者BUN、TRF、mALB、Scr、Ccr、CysC、GFR及hsCRP的差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 PCI术前2～3天服用阿托伐他汀可有效缓解对比剂所致肾功能损害,其作用机制可能与减轻炎症反应、改善血管内皮功能有关。     

成人重度肾积水肾穿刺造瘘术肾盂引流液蛋白水平与肾功能关系

目的 探讨成人重度肾积水经皮肾穿刺造瘘术(percutaneous nephrostomy, PCN)留取肾盂引流液中微量白蛋白(mAlb)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)的改变及其临床意义。方法 2020年9月～2022年3月，肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate, GFR)≤10 ml/min的成人单侧重度肾积水病人33例，均行PCN治疗，收集治疗前后的临床资料，包括术前及术后1个月患肾GFR、PCN术中及术后1个月引流液中生化指标，以及术后1个月患肾GFR恢复情况。将33例病人分为肾功能改善组(18例)和肾功能未改善组(15例),分析两组病人引流液中mAlb、TRF、IgG、α1-MG、β2-MG含量在术中、术后的差异，以及与患肾GFR的相关性。结果 PCN后1个月，肾功能改善组mAlb、TRF、IgG、α1-MG、β2-MG含量较术中降低，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后GFR高于术前，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间术中α1-MG、β2-MG含量及术前、...     

高通量血液透析和血液灌流对肾炎β2-微球蛋白的清除效果研究

目的探讨高通量血液透析+血液灌流对肾炎患者β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及相关炎症指标的影响。方法回顾分析在本院收治的肾炎患者80例的临床资料,根据不同治疗方式将患者分为实验组与对照组,两组均为40例。对照组患者予以高通量血液透析治疗,实验组患者予以高通量血液透析+血液灌流治疗,比较两组疗效及相关观察指标。结果实验组患者治疗后的β2-MG、BUN、Cr水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组患者治疗后的IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、CRP水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论高通量血液透析+血液灌流可有效清除肾炎患者的β2-微球蛋白,抑制机体炎症反应,改善肾功能,疗效确切,值得推广。     

持续缓慢低效血液透析对重症肾功能衰竭患者的治疗效果

目的 观察持续缓慢低效血液透析(SLED)与常规间断性血液透析(IHD)对重症肾功能衰竭患者血液动力学的影响.方法 纳入重症肾功能衰竭患者20例,采用自身对照法分为两组,对照组(A组,n=20)行间断性血液透析4h,观察组(B组,n=20)行持续缓慢低效血液透析6h.治疗全程每小时记录平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),记录一过性低血压发生情况.比较治疗前后两组患者中心静脉压(CVP)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血白蛋白(ALB)、血钾(K)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、心钠肽(BNP)水平.结果 持续低效缓慢血液透析与普通血液透析两种治疗低血压的发生率分别为20％和55％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组治疗前MAP和HR无显著差别,治疗后30 min两组MAP均显著下降,HR增快,治疗后1和2h观察组MAP值上升,HR下降,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组治疗前后ALB差异无统计学意义,两种方法治疗后Scr、BUN、K、β2-MG、BNP、CVP下降(P＜0.01),SLED治疗后BUN、β2-MG、CVP、BNP下降,与IHD比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在血液动力学方面,持续缓慢低效血液透析对重症肾功能衰竭患者的影响比间断性血液透析小,而且心功能改善更明显,毒素清除率更高,临床效果更好.     

α-硫辛酸对终末期肾病血液透析患者炎性因子和营养指标的影响研究

目的研究α-硫辛酸对终末期肾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)血液透析患者血清炎性因子、营养指标的影响,为临床改善ESRD血液透析患者肾功能提供理论基础。方法本次临床试验研究纳入2013年9月至2015年9月于兰州军区兰州总医院进行血液透析的ESRD患者共68例,按其入院顺序随机分为对照组(n=34)和观察组(n=34)。对照组患者入院后给予ESRD肾内科常规治疗及血液透析,观察组患者在对照组的基础上再加α-硫辛酸进行治疗。比较治疗前后2组患者血清炎性因子:超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素8(interleukin-8,IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α);营养指标:血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)以及血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)的变化。结果治疗后,2组患者的血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平较治疗前显著降低,且观察组患者上述指标下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患者血清Hb和Alb水平较治疗前显著上升(P0.05),且显著高于对照组患者血清Hb和Alb水平(P0.05),而血清TC、TG、HDLC及LDL-C水平无明显变化(P0.05);对照组患者治疗前后各项指标均无明显变化(P0.05),治疗后两组间血清TC、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后2组患者的血清Hcy、PTH和β2-MG水平较治疗前均显著降低,且观察组上述指标下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论α-硫辛酸用于治疗ESRD血液透析患者,可改善肾脏的炎症反应,提高患者的营养状况,增加Hcy、PTH和β2-MG清除,具有较好的临床使用价值,值得推广。     

胱抑素C测定在2型糖尿病人早期肾损伤的临床意义

目的探讨血清胱抑素C（CysC）、尿微量白蛋白（mALB）、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）和血肌酐（Scr）对于糖尿病肾病中的变化及临床意义。方法对68例糖尿病肾病病人及对照组（35例）采用免疫比浊法测定血清CysC、β2-MG,生化法测定尿mALB及血清Scr。结果糖尿病肾病病人血清CysC、Scr、β2-MG及尿mALB水平较对照组明显升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;CysC与其它3种检测相比阳性率较高,且有较好的正相关。结论血清CysC检测更利于评估肾小球滤过功能,是反映糖尿病肾病病人早期肾损伤的良好指标。     

Variation in blood sample collection for determination of hemodialysis adequacy. Council on Renal Nutrition National Research Question Collaborative Study Group

Inadequate dialysis has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The accurate estimation of dialysis adequacy, measured either as a calculated urea kinetics (Kt/V) or a simple urea reduction ratio (URR) is dependent on the proper collection of blood samples for predialysis and postdialysis blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determination. Because no established protocol exists for blood sampling, we surveyed the study cohort of dialysis centers participating in the National Kidney Foundation Council on Renal Nutrition National Research Question Collaborative Study to determine the comparability of BUN data that were collected to calculate URR to determine adequacy of dialysis. Surveys were completed by 100% of the 202 units participating: 195 in the United States (from 43 states) and seven from Canada, treating approximately 15,000 hemodialysis patients in total. The distribution of the sample by the type of facility mirrored that of 1996 United States Renal Data System (USRDS) Annual Report facilities data. Results showed a 5.0% error in predialysis blood draw and an 8.4% to 41.6% error in the postdialysis counterpart. There was a large variability in the observed postdialysis methods in general. Dilution of predialysis sample with either heparin or saline will falsely underestimate Kt/V and URR. The presence of access-derived, recirculated blood in the postdialysis sample will falsely overestimate Kt/V and URR. Excessive delay in drawing postdialysis sample will reduce Kt/V and URR because of urea rebound. Adoption by all dialysis providers of a uniform blood sample draw procedure will result in a consistency necessary to allow reliable and valid comparison of adequacy of dialysis parameters within and between ESRD patients, units, and clinical trials.     

Comparison of standard and artificial neural network estimators of hemodialysis adequacy

The National Kidney Foundation and the European Renal Association recommend routine measurement of hemodialysis (HD) dose and have set standards for adequacy of treatment. We compare the results of five methods for HD dose estimation, classifying each result as adequate or inadequate on the basis of equilibrated (eq) Urea Reduction Ratio (URR(eq)) > or = 65% or Kt/V(eq) > or = 1.2, to assess the accuracy of each method as a diagnostic tool. Data from 113 patients from two different dialysis units were analyzed. Equilibrated postdialysis blood urea was measured 60 min after each hemodialysis session to calculate URR(eq) and Kt/V(eq), considered as gold standard indexes (GSI). URR and Kt/V were estimated by using the Smye formula, an artificial neural network (ANN), modified URR, the second generation Kt/V Daugirdas formula, and standard indexes based on postdialysis urea, then compared to the GSI. For URR, best estimator was ANN (error rate: ER% = 12.70), followed by modified URR (ER% = 17.46%), the Smye (ER% = 22.22), and standard URR (ER% = 23.81). For Kt/V, the Daugirdas equation and the ANN were similar (ER% = 9.52 and 11.11). The single-pool Kt/V (Kt/V(sp)) > or = 1.4 (ERA recommended) produced an ER% = 7.94 and a false positive rate (FPR%) equal to that shown by the ANN (FPR% = 3.17). According to the current threshold limits for HD dose adequacy, the ANN was a reliable and accurate tool for URR monitoring, better than the Smye and the modified URR methods. The use of the ANN urea estimation yields accurate results when used to calculate Kt/V. The Kt/V(sp) with an adequacy threshold of 1.4 is a superior approach for HD adequacy monitoring, suggesting that the current adequacy limits should be reviewed for both URR and Kt/V.     

消风散加减、西替利嗪内服联合血液灌流对血液透析皮肤瘙痒患者的疗效观察

目的 探讨消风散加减、西替利嗪内服联合血液灌流对血液透析皮肤瘙痒患者的临床疗效.方法 选择南京中医药大学沭阳附属医院2017年1月至2019年12月期间收治的血液透析皮肤瘙痒患者162例.采用随机数字法分为A组、B组和C组,各54例.所有患者给予血液透析,A组给予血液灌流治疗,B组给予消风散加减、西替利嗪内服治疗,C组...     

Racial and center differences in hemodialysis adequacy in children treated at pediatric centers: a North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS) report

This study assessed hemodialysis adequacy in pediatric centers. Monthly adequacy data were requested in NAPRTCS enrollees on hemodialysis for at least 6 mo. Data forms were returned for 147 children from 32 centers. Data are presented for the 138 children (57% boys, 45% black) that were dialyzed 3 times/wk, representing 2282 patient-months of follow-up. Pre- and postdialysis BUN levels were reported in all children. Kt/V values were reported in 76 children; however, sufficient data were obtained to calculate Kt/V in 129 children. On average, 14.9 Kt/V and 15.2 urea reduction ratio (URR) values were calculated per child. Aggregate dialysis dose was defined as adequate if Kt/V was >1.2 in at least 75% of calculated Kt/V measures within a subject. Mean +/- SD age was 11.3 +/- 3.7 yr (median, 12.0 yr). Hemodialysis dose was variable within subjects (median CV%: URR 8.2, Kt/V 16.9). Aggregate dialysis dose was adequate in 70% of subjects. Multivariate logistic regression showed male gender (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.98), black race (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.67), larger body surface area (fourth versus first quartile: OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.80), and absence of reported Kt/V at the treating center (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.62) were significant predictors of inadequate dialysis dose. Age, renal diagnosis, and center size were not associated with adequacy. Racial and gender disparities in hemodialysis dose existed among children at specialized academic pediatric centers and a substantial proportion received inadequate hemodialysis.     

补肾活血汤联合前列地尔对老年糖尿病肾病患者血液流变学及肾功能的影响

目的 探讨补肾活血汤联合前列地尔对老年糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血液流变学及肾功能的影响.方法 选取2017年1月至2019年1月本院收治的老年DN患者160例,依据随机数字表将其分为对照组和观察组,每组80例.对照组给予前列地尔治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予补肾活血汤联合治疗.比较两组患者的血糖控制效果[空腹血糖(FB...     

右美托咪定对全麻下经皮肾镜取石术患者肾功能的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对肾脏结石患者全麻下经皮肾镜取石术时肾功能的影响。方法选择择期行经皮肾镜取石术患者30例,男25例,女5例,年龄40~70岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按分层随机区组设计分为右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组15例。D组在常规麻醉诱导用药前10min经静脉输注右美托咪定1μg/kg,随后以0.5μg·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉输注至手术结束,C组给予等容量的生理盐水。于手术开始前即刻(T0)、手术结束即刻(T1)、术后第1天(T2)和术后第3天(T3)时取静脉血样和留尿液,采用全自动生化分析仪测定血清血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、胱抑素C(CYS-C)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)的浓度,采用贝克曼特定蛋白仪测定尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿微量白蛋白、尿转铁蛋白(Tf)及尿液免疫球蛋白G的浓度。结果两组各时点BUN及Scr差异无统计学意义。与T0时比较,T_1~T3时两组CYS-C及RBP明显升高(P0.05);T1~T3时D组CYS-C及RBP明显低于C组(P0.05)。两组各时点尿微量白蛋白、Tf及免疫球蛋白G差异均无统计学意义;与T0时比较,T1~T3时两组尿α1-MG明显升高(P0.05);T1~T3时D组尿α1-MG明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论常规麻醉诱导前静脉输注右美托咪定1μg/kg,随后以0.5μg·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉输注至手术结束,对肾脏结石患者全麻下经皮肾镜取石术产生一定的肾脏保护作用。     

肾衰康延缓慢性肾衰竭进展的实验研究

目的：探讨肾衰康延缓慢性肾衰竭（CRF）进展的疗效及机理。方法：采用5／6肾切除大鼠CRF模型,随机分为模型组、洛汀新组及肾衰康组治疗,观察各组Scr、BUN及尿中细胞外基质成分（ECM）排泄量。结果：洛汀新组及肾衰康组Scr及BUN均显低于模型组（P＜0．01及P＜0．05）,而肾衰康组Scr又低于洛汀新组（P＜0．05）,肾衰康组尿中Ⅳ型胶原（Col-Ⅳ）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）及层粘连蛋白（LN）含量均明显比模型组高（P＜0．01）。结论：肾衰康有延缓CRF进展的作用,其机理可能与促进ECM成分从尿中排泄,从而减轻肾小球内ECM的聚集有关。但肾衰康对ECM是抑制合成还是促进降解尚需进一步探讨。     

Alprostadil plays a protective role in contrast-induced nephropathy in the elderly

Purpose

To evaluate the protective effects of alprostadil on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in elderly patients.

Methods

We randomized 370 patients into the control or alprostadil group. The patients in the control group were injected with 100 ml sterile saline and the patients in the alprostadil group with alprostadil (0.4 μg/kg/day) in 100 ml sterile saline before and after iohexol-enhanced (100 ml) computed tomography (CT). Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (CysC), and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were analyzed or calculated. ΔScr and ΔCysC were determined by the changes between baseline and highest Scr and CysC levels. The standard for CIN was a postdose Scr increase >44.2 μmol/l or >25 % over baseline.

Results

In the control group, peak Scr (P < 0.05) and ΔScr (P < 0.01) were higher than those in the alprostadil group. The postdose CysC at 24 h (P < 0.05), 48 h (P < 0.05), and 72 h (P < 0.05), peak CysC (P < 0.01), and ΔCysC (P < 0.05) in the control group were higher than those in the alprostadil group. The incidence of CIN in the control group was 22.2 %, which was higher than in the alprostadil group (9.1 %, P < 0.01). Subgroup analyses in patients with advanced age (≥80 years), concomitant hypertension or diabetes, and abnormal baseline renal function (Ccr ≤60 ml/min) showed that the alprostadil group had lower ΔScr and ΔCysC than the control group after contrast-enhanced CT examination in all four subgroups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

Conclusions

In this cohort of older patients undergoing contrast CT, the use of alprostadil reduced the incidence of CIN.