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王玉柱 《国外医学(移植与血液净化分册)》2009,(2):1-6
血液透析是现代肾脏病替代治疗的主要手段之一。透析疗法的历史几乎可以追溯至人类文明开始,但直至20世纪以来血液透析才进人了一个新时代。伴随着血液透析的发展,血管通路也经历了一个漫长的发展过程。最初人们用注射器采血注入透析器,透析后又用注射器注回患者血管内,由此带来的问题可想而知。在1940年后的20余年中,每次透析时都需要切断1根动脉, 相似文献
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朱利柯 《国际移植与血液净化杂志》2021,19(3):32-33
目的:分析心理护理模式在血液净化护理中的应用效果。方法:选择2017年3月至2018年12月在我院进行血液净化治疗的患者116例,分为观察组和对照组,每组各58例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用常规护理联合心理护理,观察两组患者情绪状况。结果:观察组焦虑及抑郁等不良情绪轻于对照组(
P<0.05),患者配合... 相似文献
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血液净化治疗在现代临床中的应用十分广泛,在我国的发展也十分迅速,但各区域之间存在一定的差距,尤其是在临时性、永久性血液通路建立上存在较大差距,需要上级医院的指导,不能满足第一时间救治患者的目的,大大限制了医院透析技术的提高和长远发展。 相似文献
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连续性血液净化血管通路的护理 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16
连续性血液净化(Continuous blood purifica-tion,CBP)具有血流动力学稳定,利于纠正水、电解质紊乱,及时清除体内多余的容量负荷及大量的中小分子炎症介质等特点,目前已广泛用于急性肾衰竭、全身炎症反应综合征、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)和重症胰腺炎等治疗。由于CBP是侵入 相似文献
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目的探讨连续高血容量血液滤过(CHVHF)治疗时较合适的血管通路。方法将70例行CHVHF治疗的患者随机分为对照组(35例)和观察组(35例),对照组采用股静脉作为血管通路,观察组采用颈内静脉作为血管通路,观察两组患者在不同血流量速度(200ml/min、250ml/min、300ml/min)情况下的动脉端压力(PA),不同时间并发症发生情况及导管贴壁发生率。结果观察组在血流量为200ml/min和250ml/min时PA较对照组显著降低(均P0.05);观察组远期并发症及导管贴壁发生率显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论从血流量的提供和并发症发生率综合考虑,颈内静脉为连续高容量血液滤过更为合适的血管通路。 相似文献
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目的:分析血液净化治疗患者中心静脉置管的并发症及其处理,探讨其临床意义。方法:回顾分析234例血液净化治疗患者的中心静脉置管,其中颈内静脉168例(右157例,左11例),锁骨下静脉41例(右38例,左3例),股静脉17例(右16例,左1例),永久性颈内静脉置管8例。结果:置管术中的常见并发症有:误穿动脉5例,皮下血肿8例,穿刺部位渗血4例。置管术常见远期并发症有:导管栓塞11例,导管相关感染10例,导管意外脱落4例,血流量不足(血流〈180 ml/min)20例。带管时间8~283 d。右颈内静脉置管的导管感染发生率及导管栓塞发生率较锁骨下静脉置管明显低(P〈0.01),以尿激酶封管治疗导管栓塞发生率下降明显。结论:中心静脉留置导管是建立血液净化治疗临时血管通路的一种方便快捷方法,操作技术简便,并发症低,并能提供稳定血流量,是建立血液净化治疗临时性血液通路的理想选择。 相似文献
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枸橼酸钠抗凝在血液净化中的应用进展 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
枸橼酸钠抗凝是目前对高危出血患者血液净化最常用的手段之一,近年来对枸橼酸钠抗凝技术做了不断的探索和尝试,使之日趋简化和成熟。本文就枸橼酸钠抗凝的应用进展作一综述。 相似文献
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通过有机融合"三明治"教学理念与基于问题的学习(PBL)教学法,将其应用于血液净化专科规范化培训生(规培生)的临床带教之中,从而充分发挥多元化教学的优势,激发规培生学习的主观能动性,培养临床工作中提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。具体方法为,在血液净化专科规范化培训中采用基于"三明治"教学理念的PBL教学法,通过问卷调查形式采集数据,总结该教学方法的优势与不足。在培训结束后针对血液净化专科知识及相关操作要点进行理论及实践考核中,全部学员均为优秀。问卷调查结果显示,该教学法有利于临床良好的思维方式的养成及临床综合素质的提高。实践证明,基于"三明治"教学理念的PBL教学法有利于规培住院医师临床思维的养成及科研能力的提高,不仅培养了规培学生提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的实践能力,而且有利于学生综合素质的提高。 相似文献
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目的 探索3D打印技术联合PBL教学模式在整复外科教学中的应用效果.方法 设计调查问卷,并随机分发给不同年级和学校的医学生进行填写,最后统计分析调查结果.结果 在接受本次调查的总人数中,认可传统教育模式的学生占总数的46.7%(n=28),认可PBL教学模式的调研学生占总数的58.3%(n=36),认可在实施PBL模式... 相似文献
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血管通路是血液透析患者的生命线,及时建立和维护血管通路功能十分重要。老年人及糖尿病肾病的增多增加了建立内瘘的难度,各个专科技术和治疗手段的拓展影响了血管通路的建立,以及患者透析时间延长导致血管耗竭都使得血管通路医生面临巨大挑战。本文提出了目前的一些有关临床问题,强调保护好血管资源,正确选择血管通路;并进一步介绍维护内瘘通畅和实时介入干预技术,同时强调了分享带涤纶套隧道导管的应用与管理经验,也强调多学科合作,发展介入肾脏病学。 相似文献
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Yukiko Hasuike Naoto Kakita Makoto Aichi Satoko Masachika Mari Kantou Shoko Ikeda Takahashi Masayoshi Nanami Yasuyuki Nagasawa Takahiro Kuragano Takeshi Nakanishi 《Journal of vascular surgery》2019,69(1):174-180.e2
Objective
For patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, the durability of vascular access (VA) is still far from optimal, and access survival after intervention for access failure is an important aspect. Procoagulant status is a leading cause of access failure. Coagulation-fibrinolysis imbalance can occur in hemodialyzed patients, but the influence of the imbalance has not been fully elucidated.Methods
We prospectively examined coagulation-fibrinolysis balance to assess the risk of access failure after the intervention of revascularization in a cohort of 462 hemodialysis patients. Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) are markers for coagulation and fibrinolysis. Median follow-up was 243 days. The end point was clinical access failure: revascularization or access revision. The survival curve for VA patency was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models that allowed adjustment for baseline differences in age, sex, dialysis vintage, diabetes mellitus, and various factors (quantity of blood flow, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, fibrin degradation products, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and pentraxin-3) were used.Results
The 162 patients who reached an end point had smaller access flow volume and smaller percentage of arteriovenous fistula and higher TAT/PIC ratio. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the patients with elevated TAT/PIC ratio showed poorer outcome (P < .001). On Cox regression modeling, elevated TAT/PIC was an independent risk factor for access failure (hazard ratio, 1.58; P = .03).Conclusions
Our results suggest that coagulation-fibrinolysis imbalance is a significant risk factor for access failure and may predict VA failure in hemodialyzed patients after access intervention. 相似文献16.
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The femoral artery and vein are commonly used for access to the circulation. Accidental puncture of one vessel whilst attempting to cannulate the other is a common complication. Identification of relevant surface anatomical landmarks and ultrasonography of both groins was performed on 50 consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit. In most patients there was overlap of the artery over the vein far closer to the inguinal ligament than conventional anatomical texts would indicate. The frequency and degree of overlap increased as the vessels descended distally towards the knee. Surface anatomical landmarks were not useful in predicting the underlying anatomy. The side-by-side relationship of artery and vein is commonest close to the inguinal ligament. Therefore, to avoid damage to the neighbouring vessel, percutaneous access should be undertaken just below the inguinal ligament. 相似文献
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Wang Mengdi Zhang Ling Liu Peng Zhang Lihong Shi Zhengwei Xing Guangqun Wang Changjiang Qi Ka Zheng Jiaqiang. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2016,32(6):418-424
Objective To investigate vascular access modalities at initiation of hemodialysis for end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in hospitals of different levels, and to analyze the reasons contributing to the absence of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) during initial hemodialysis. Methods A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of patients that entered hemodialysis within five years, including basic information and their first vascular access types, and analyze the factors that influence patients' AVF use. Results (1) According to the 203 questionnaires returned from 5 hospitals, central venous catheter (CVC) was chosen by 122 (60.1%) patients, direct arteriovenous puncture by 44 (21.7%) patients, AVF by only 35 (17.2%) patients, and long-term cuffed catheter by 2 (1.0%) patients. For patients in different hospitals, 61.7% of patients in Jiamusi Hospital used direct arteriovenous puncture, while CVC were used most in the other four hospitals. The leading reason contributing to the absence of AVF was patient's refusal [75 cases (44.6%)], among which patients regarding AVF psychologically unacceptable accounted for the most [44 cases (26.2%)]. Following that were 45 cases (26.8%), in which patients were uninformed of AVF and 38 cases (22.6%) caused by time limitation. (3) Logistic regression showed well-educated, female, and urban residential patients were more likely to choose AVF at initiation of hemodialysis. Conclusion The percentage of AVF utility at the start of hemodialysis remains low, with situation varying in different hospitals and regions. Multiple factors are associated with vascular access modalities, among which the influence of doctors cannot be ignored. More efforts should be spared on patient education to improve the dialysis quality of ESRD patients in China. 相似文献
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