Les capacités mnésiques de l’enfant présentant un trouble déficit de l’attention : état des lieux

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by a strong heterogeneity of the cognitive and behavioral profiles of affected children. They can be diverse and have various repercussions in the child's daily life. An alteration of the working memory capacities is very often found. This impairment affects the central executive in a privileged way and could be consecutive to the symptoms of the disorder or constitutive of the disorder. The study of episodic memory performance gives less consensual results. Although secondary weakness can sometimes be observed, episodic impairment does not seem to be systematic. However, some authors believe that episodic impairment may be constitutive of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The memory evaluation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder remains interesting from a functional point of view to propose personalized learning techniques. It is also important to look into the quality of memory of these children. Attentional and executive impairments could both falsify memory accuracy, while reinforcing the memory trace due to the processing of many contextual elements during encoding.     

Dispositifs d’accompagnement prenant en compte les conjoints en cas de dépression du post-partum maternelle : revue de la littérature internationale

ObjectivesBecause of its prevalence and the many consequences it brings, maternal postpartum depression (MPPD) can be regarded as a public health problem. However, the most powerful factor of good prognosis seems to reside in social support, and especially marital support. We must therefore be attentive to spouses in the care we can offer. This work reviews international literature of support systems taking spouses into account in case of MPPD.MethodsWe reviewed the literature by searching for the data published without time limit in Pubmed, Cairn and Google Scholar databases. The selected studies were interested in support systems taking spouses into account in case of maternal depression during pregnancy or postpartum, proved or in prevention, and they had an assessment of maternal mood and/or mood of spouse.ResultsSixteen studies were included in the review of literature. The systems with the strongest results seem to be those including spouses during a curative treatment of an established DPPM. Few data exist regarding their effect on paternal mood.ConclusionStudies focused specifically on mental models and experiences of spouses in case of MPPD seem to be required with a view to create support systems for both spouses.     

Prise en charge de la violence et du décrochage scolaire à l’école I. Revue de la littérature

Background

Violence at school and school dropout constitute a big concern as well for the teachers, for the parents as for the clinicians. Several explanatory factors are proposed: individual, familial, school climate or factors in connection with the group of peers. These factors impact on the psychic, school and social health of the child. Coverages are proposed at the national and international level and seem to give convincing results. Each of these initiatives implied in a differentiated way to parents, pupils and teachers. None put in the work a project integrating the educational triangle that is at the same time the parents, the children and the teachers within the school. The objective of this work is to make a theoretical current situation on the school dropout and the violence to the school and to present some devices of coverage of the pupils concerned by these difficulties.     

Parentalité chez les personnes souffrant d’un trouble du développement intellectuel : état de la situation en France

The question of parenthood for people suffering with intellectual development disorders is new. The increasing number of people suffering from this condition and the need to fit them into our society make it a topical subject. Nevertheless, studies on this question are limited and there are no parenting assistance programs existing to date. Parents with mental disorders face problems in their exercise of parenthood while their children are more vulnerable. It is important to consider the few models in our possession to develop an efficient support network for establishing peaceful parenthood situations.     

Prévalence de la prostitution des mineurs dans les pays à revenu élevé : revue de littérature

ObjectiveChild and adolescent prostitution is a phenomenon little known, despite the observation by institutions and associations of its increase and its evolution. No French statistical data is currently available in the scientific literature to assess its magnitude. The objective of this article is to review the literature of international publications interested in the prevalence of this phenomenon in high-income countries.MethodA keyword search on databases was carried out from January to May 2021 for articles on the evaluation of child and adolescent prostitution, published from 2000 to 2020, in high income countries according to the World Bank classification.ResultsEleven original studies were identified, from Scandinavian countries (Sweden and Norway), North America (United States and Quebec), Switzerland and Hong Kong. They estimate a prevalence rate in the general population of the sale of sexual services for remuneration of between 0.2% and 4.9%, and of the purchase of sexual services for remuneration of between 2% and 3%. These studies specify the prevalence by age and sex, the age of the first sexual exchanges, the frequency of sexual exchanges, and the prevalence in adolescent population at specific psychosocial risk.DiscussionThese studies use different methodologies and sometimes reveal contradictory results, in particular concerning the prevalence rates between boys and girls. These data reveal an evolution of prostitution practices among minors who report fewer forced under duress. The limitations of these studies are discussed. Recommendations for further research are made.ConclusionThis literature review highlights the small amount of research estimating the prevalence of child and adolescent prostitution at the international level and the lack of data for France. It reveals the need to carry out epidemiological surveys among adolescents on the national territory in order to better understand and better prevent this phenomenon.     

Qualité de vie des fratries d’enfants avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme. Revue de littérature

The national strategy “Autism within neurodevelopmental disorders” recommends providing support and assistance to the families. Indeed, families with a disabled child, and in particular a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), must regularly adapt to the disorder and its manifestations. The concept of quality of life makes it possible to question the difficulties of families from the point of view of both parents and siblings. Yet, few studies have evaluated the quality of life of siblings, their needs and the effects of support measures if any. We therefore conducted a literature review on the quality of life of siblings of children with ASD (databases queried: PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar). We identified 53 studies published between 1993 and 2019. The research shows very mixed results regarding the impact of ASD on the quality of life of siblings. We present the results here, with one-third of the studies finding no impact, another third observing overall negative effects, and the remaining third showing mixed negative and positive effects. The research highlights the particular effect of behavioral difficulties of children with ASDs on the experiences of their siblings. There are significant methodological differences between the studies, with qualitative or quantitative approaches, differences in the mode of data collection, and the choice of comparative dimension. The theoretical concepts used to measure a sibling's well-being vary across studies, but most focus on the social and behavioral adjustment of siblings which is only one aspect of the quality of life.