1例圣乔治教堂诺卡菌眼部感染病例及文献回顾

圣乔治教堂诺卡菌隶属于诺卡菌属,诺卡菌广泛分布于土壤和水中,不属于人体正常菌群,主要通过呼吸道吸入和破损皮肤侵入人体。诺卡菌病由诺卡菌感染所致,诺卡菌感染的常见部位以肺部和皮肤多见,眼部感染报道较少,圣乔治教堂诺卡菌所致眼部感染的报道更少。因此,报道某院1例圣乔治教堂诺卡菌眼部感染的病例,并结合国内外文献进行复习,旨在提高临床对诺卡菌病的诊治水平。     

9例肺诺卡菌病临床分析

诺卡菌病是诺卡菌引起的化脓性肉芽肿性病变,肺是最常见的受侵犯器官[1].近年来,随着器官移植、肿瘤化疗的广泛开展,免疫抑制剂、糖皮质激素的应用增多,以及免疫缺陷病发病率的增加,肺诺卡菌病的发病率逐年上升.本研究对近年来文献报道的7例,以及浙江大学附属第一医院收治的2例肺诺卡菌病患者进行回顾性分析,以提高对该病的认识,现报告如下.     

1例圣乔治教堂诺卡菌眼部感染病例及文献回顾

圣乔治教堂诺卡菌隶属于诺卡菌属，诺卡菌广泛分布于土壤和水中，不属于人体正常菌群，主要通过呼吸道吸入和破损皮肤侵入人体。诺卡菌病由诺卡菌感染所致，诺卡菌感染的常见部位以肺部和皮肤多见，眼部感染报道较少，圣乔治教堂诺卡菌所致眼部感染的报道更少。因此，报道某院1例圣乔治教堂诺卡菌眼部感染的病例，并结合国内外文献进行复习，旨在提高临床对诺卡菌病的诊治水平。     

甘肃省10例诺卡菌病患者的临床特征

目的 分析诺卡菌病患者的临床特征,为诺卡菌病的诊疗提供经验。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月—2021年11月兰州大学第一医院诊断为诺卡菌病住院患者的临床资料。结果 共收治10例诺卡菌病患者,男性8例,女性2例,平均年龄(59.1±15.4)岁,≥60岁3例,职业类型以农民为主(5例,50.0%)。肺诺卡菌病5例,皮肤诺卡菌病4例,播散性诺卡菌病1例。菌株分型主要为星形诺卡菌(5株)。80.0%患者有基础疾病,主要为支气管扩张症(3例)、长期服用糖皮质激素(3例)。肺诺卡菌病患者均有咳嗽、咳痰,查体均可闻及啰音;皮肤诺卡菌病主要为病灶处红肿、流脓;1例脑诺卡菌病系播散性感染,有意识丧失中枢神经系统受累表现。患者C反应蛋白为72.75(39.25～96.74)mg/L,均有所升高。肺部CT检查主要为大小不等的小结节影和斑片影(6例)、双肺多发索条影(4例)、大片磨玻璃阴影(3例)、胸腔积液(3例)。所有患者经积极抗感染治疗,9例好转出院,1例病情加重放弃治疗。结论 对有肺部基础疾病及抵抗力差的中老年人,常规抗感染治疗效果不佳时,需考虑诺卡菌感染,积极送病原学检查是关键。     

巴西诺卡菌感染1例

<正>诺卡菌在自然界分布广泛,多为腐生寄生菌[1]。诺卡菌病是由诺卡菌引起的一种急性或慢性化脓性或肉芽肿性病变[2],多由呼吸道吸入病原菌或经外伤感染引起,常见于免疫缺陷患者。与人类疾病密切相关的是星形诺卡菌和巴西诺卡菌[3]。笔者就本例巴西诺卡菌感染患者的临床资料,结合近年来诺卡菌报道相关文献进行分析,对诺卡菌的实验室鉴定、诊断及治疗总结如下。1病历资料1.1病史患者,男性,50岁,2013年1月19日入     

肺诺卡菌病5例临床分析

目的 提高临床医生对肺诺卡菌病的认识.方法 收集5例肺诺卡菌病患者的临床资料,对其诊治过程进行回颐性分析.结果 (1)4例存在易感因素.(2)临床表现主要为发热、咳嗽、咯痰.(3)实验室检查主要为外周血中性粒细胞增多,淋巴细胞减少,ESR升高;影像学检查无特异性.(4)诊断的关键是从检查标本中分离出诺卡菌.(5)星形诺卡菌为最常见病原体,对磺胺类药物及阿米卡星仍较敏感.(6)死亡主要与基础疾病严重程度有关.结论 肺诺卡菌病患者大都存在免疫抑制,星形诺卡菌为最常见病原体,磺胺类药物仍可作为首选,预后主要与基础疾病严重程度有关.     

亚洲诺卡菌合并耶氏肺孢子菌感染1例并文献复习

肺诺卡菌病与肺孢子菌肺炎均是临床少见的机会感染性疾病, 均好发于免疫力受损的患者。然而, 两者合并感染鲜有报道, 临床及影像学表现复杂, 诊治困难。本文报告1例亚洲诺卡菌合并肺孢子菌感染患者的诊治经过并进行文献复习, 以提高对该病的认识。     

诺卡菌病13例临床分析

 目的 对诺卡菌病的临床特征进行分析,以期为诺卡菌病的诊断治疗提供经验。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2020年11月四川省人民医院13例诺卡菌病患者临床资料。结果 13例患者中肺部感染5例,中枢神经系统感染2例,皮肤感染4例,播散性感染及化脓性关节炎各1例。其中12例患有基础疾病,主要有支气管扩张、自身免疫性疾病、糖尿病、高血压。所有患者白细胞、C反应蛋白（CRP）均增高,仅3例检测降钙素原（PCT）,均增高。病原学检查结果均为诺卡菌。9例患者单用或联用复方磺胺甲口恶唑,3例患者单独使用左氧氟沙星,1例播散性感染患者使用碳青霉烯类联合利奈唑胺。脑脓肿和皮肤感染采取外科治疗,手术或者清创。12例患者均好转,仅1例化脓性脑膜炎患者加重。结论 诺卡菌病主要有肺部感染、中枢神经系统感染、皮肤感染、播散性感染4类,患支气管扩张或自身免疫性疾病的患者更容易感染。     

42例肺诺卡菌病患者的临床特征及其病原菌耐药性

目的 了解肺诺卡菌病的临床特点,分析诺卡菌的耐药性,为临床规范诊疗提供依据。方法 收集2016—2021年河南省胸科医院临床诊断为肺诺卡菌病患者的病历资料,采用基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱仪(MALDI-TOF MS)和分子生物学技术对分离菌株进行鉴定,并采用微量肉汤稀释法(MIC)进行药敏试验,分析患者的临床特点及药敏结果。结果 共有42例诺卡菌感染患者,男性24例,女性18例。88.1%的患者合并有基础疾病,包括支气管扩张、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)等。42例患者中有50.0%合并其他病原体感染,其中合并曲霉菌、结核分枝杆菌感染各5例。41例进行肺部CT检查的患者影像学表现以结节影(78.0%)和斑片影(58.5%)为主,24.4%的患者伴有胸腔积液。实验室检查中,中性粒细胞百分比升高者占66.7%,75.0%的患者出现C反应蛋白升高和血沉增快,低蛋白血症患者占54.8%。肺诺卡病患者分离最多的为盖尔森基兴诺卡菌(11株),不同诺卡菌种药敏试验结果不同,但所有分离株对复方磺胺甲口恶唑、阿米卡星、利奈唑胺均敏感。大多数患者采用基于以磺胺类药物为主的联合治疗方案,83.3%(...     

膜性肾病并发诺卡菌感染一例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨膜性肾病并发诺卡菌感染的临床特点、诊断及治疗,提高对诺卡菌感染的认识。方法:回顾性分析在中南大学湘雅医院呼吸内科住院的1例膜性肾病并发诺卡菌感染患者的临床资料,以"诺卡菌""膜性肾病"为关键词,对知网、万方数据库,以"Nocardiosis""Menbranous nephropathy"为关键词对pubme...     

Histopathologic features of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection

Because of the emergence of Buruli ulcer disease, the World Health Organization launched a Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative in 1998. This indolent skin infection is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. During a study of risk factors for the disease in Ghana, adequate excisional skin-biopsy specimens were obtained from 124 clinically suspicious lesions. Buruli ulcer disease was diagnosed in 78 lesions since acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were found by histopathologic examination. Lesions with other diagnoses included filariasis (3 cases), zygomycosis (2 cases), ulcerative squamous cell carcinomas (2 cases), keratin cyst (1 case), and lymph node (1 case). Thirty-seven specimens that did not show AFB were considered suspected Buruli ulcer disease cases. Necrosis of subcutaneous tissues and dermal collagen were found more frequently in AFB-positive specimens compared with specimens from suspected case-patients (p<0.001). Defining histologic criteria for a diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease is of clinical and public health importance since it would allow earlier treatment, leading to less deforming sequelae.     

10例奴卡菌感染病例的临床特点及治疗

目的分析奴卡菌感染病例的临床特点及治疗情况,为临床实践提供参考。方法回顾性调查2014年5月—2016年6月送检标本中培养出奴卡菌的患者,对其机体状况、临床特点、治疗方案以及预后进行分析。结果共调查10例奴卡菌感染病例。男性7例,女性3例;平均年龄(49.90±13.75)岁。多发生于免疫状况受损或者有基础疾病的人群,主要感染部位为肺部,复方磺胺甲口恶唑为首选药物,或视病情联合阿米卡星、亚胺培南/西司他丁等。8例患者经过治疗后病情好转。结论依据微生物检验、影像学和病理学检查结果进行诊断,并结合奴卡菌感染的高危因素进行综合判断,可使患者得到及时合理治疗,预后较好。     

肺皮疽奴卡菌重症肺炎1例并25例病例文献复习

奴卡菌是革兰染色阳性、弱抗酸性、需氧丝状放线菌,主要感染免疫功能低下者。本文通过总结某院成功救治的1例皮疽奴卡菌所致重症肺炎患者的诊治经过,并结合2006年1月—2016年7月国内外具有完整资料的25例奴卡菌合并重症肺炎的病案报道进行文献复习,以提高临床工作者对肺奴卡菌所致重症肺炎临床表现、影像学特点、病原学特征以及诊疗方案的认识。     

The first case of Nocardia transvalensis infection in varicella in a previously immunocompetent child

A child referred to Infectious Disease Unit for varicella complicated by pneumonia with pleural effusion. Due to not improvement, laboratory search was extended to uncommon pathogens, revealing Nocardia transvalensis infection.It is likely that varicella induced immunodepression, facilitating opportunistic infection in an otherwise healthy and immunocompetent child. To our knowledge, our report is the first case of Nocardia infection in varicella.     

Transmission of nocardiosis and molecular typing of Nocardia species: A short review

Nocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment and may be found in the soil. They are generally responsible for sporadic pulmonary diseases acquired by inhalation of spores, with secondary localizations in the central nervous system and subcutaneous tissues. There is no absolute evidence for person to person transmission. Presumptive outbreaks of nocardiosis were observed in immunocompromised patients, more frequently in kidney transplant patients than in cardiac transplant patients. Nocardia spp., being present in dust particles, closure and disinfection of the transplantation unit with formaldehyde arrested the sequence of cases of nocardiosis. The original sources of the Nocardia sp. remain doubtful. Other possible sources of contamination are other patients, medical staff and the hospital environment. The first studies of Nocardia spp. typing were based on the detection of extracellular antigens, on the susceptibility of actinomycete strains to killer yeasts, and on the biochemical profiles with fluorogenic substrate. The use of molecular typing techniques have given very promising results. Analysis of plasmid profiles is an interesting way to compare the identity of isolates, although the reliability of this method depends of the presence of plasmids in the isolates. Other typing methods, including analysis of restriction length fragment polymorphism of total DNA, ribosomal DNA fingerprinting, require further investigations to evaluate their discriminating power or to be easily interpretable, whereas a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was successful for epidemiological purposes. Progress in epidemiological analysis of cases of nocardiosis will be consistent when an improved diagnosis of this infection (molecular and serological diagnosis) will be available, when the genetic diversity of Nocardia spp. isolates will be better known, and when molecular typing, that hold promise in complementing investigations of outbreak of these infections, will be systematically performed when an abnormal increase of cases of nocardiosis in a population with risk factors is observed.     

抗酸染色冷染法和热染法查找痰中结核杆菌效果比较

目的比较结核病痰检实验室用冷染法(初染时不加热直接静置)和热染法(初染时直接加热)抗酸染色查找结核杆菌的差异。方法对2008年1月31日-2009年9月30日的811份阳性痰标本和1 050份阴性痰标片,每份标本涂2张涂片,初染时1张用冷染法,1张用加热法进行抗酸染色,对2张涂片染色结果进行比较。结果同一份痰标本在取痰的部位、痰膜的厚薄、痰膜的大小几乎一致的情况下,冷染法和热染法的检测结果两者间差异无统计学意义(χ2阴性涂片=0.31,χ2阳性涂片=0.20,P均0.05)。结论冷染法在简化操作步骤,减少染液用量及对环境保护上均优于热染法。     

Primary actinomycosis in the liver

We present a case of a 71-year-old female with actinomycosis in the liver, which is a rare region to be primarily affected with actinomycosis. The diagnosis was done histopathologically with a partially resected liver specimen taken during surgery for choledocholithiasis. There were no clinical signs of Actinomyces infection before surgery. The hepatic lesion was a 2 cm sized nodule with histological appearances of abscess-forming suppurative inflammation with fibrosis, in which eosinophilic radiate granules with peripheral clubs were found. The Brown-Brenn stain showed Gram-positive branched filamentous bacilli, which were revealed as acid-fastness by the Ziehl-Neelsen method of Putt's modification. These findings were considered to be consistent with actinomycosis of the liver.     

Development of a SYBR Green Multiplex Real Time PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nocardia Asteroides in Respiratory Samples

BackgroundNocardia asteroides and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are worldwide-distributed bacteria. These infectious agents can cause many infections in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Pulmonary infections are more common and have similar clinical symptoms. Proper diagnosis and treatment of these patients are important for accurate treatment and could be lifesaving.MethodsIn this study, a multiplex real-time PCR assay was established for the simultaneous detection of the N. asteroides and M. tuberculosis. Both this homemade multiplex real time PCR and routine commercial tuberculosis tests were performed on 150 pulmonary specimens collected from individuals suspected to have tuberculosis.ResultsFrom 150 specimens, 20 samples were acid fast positive, 14 positives for M. tuberculosis by singleplex real time PCR, 10 positives for N. asteroides by singleplex real time PCR and 2 positives for M. tuberculosis and N. asteroides by multiplex real time PCR whereas 14 samples were positive for M. tuberculosis with commercial test. Differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is useful for their proper treatment.ConclusionOur test had good performance for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and nocardiosis. Therefore, it is recommended to be used to diagnose such patients.     

探讨HE染色在病理诊断中的应用效果

目的分析研究HE染色在病理诊断中的应用效果。方法选取本院360例病理组织石蜡切片开展本次研究,标本纳入时间范围为2018年2月-2019年1月,通过数字表法对其进行平均分组,分别为对照组和研究组,各180例。予以对照组HE染色,结合对照组显露的不足对染色技术进行相应改进后再对研究组实施HE染色,比较两组染色诊断检出率。结果在胃肠肝胆、脂肪组织、子宫内膜以及骨制片的诊断检出率比较上,研究组相较于对照组明显更高(P<0.05)。结论在病理诊断中应用病理技术HE染色可为疾病治疗提供可靠的参考,具有较高的临床应用价值,实际操作中需结合切片特点的差异应用差别化的染色技术,最大限度的保证诊断准确性。     

Nocardial Infections in Japan from 1992 to 2001, Including the First Report of Infection by Nocardia transvalensis

In the period from 1992 to 2001, 303 cases of nocardioses were diagnosed in Japan, with the corresponding etiological agents isolated and characterized. Taxonomic analyses of these 303 strains showed that most nocardial infections were caused by members of the Nocardia asteroides group (72.3%). Speciation showed that 72 strains were N. asteroides, 31 strains were N. cyriacigeorgica, 2 strains were N. beijingensis, 81 strains were N. farcinica, and 33 strains were N. nova. Sixty-six strains of N. brasiliensis were the next most prevalent species of the total Nocardia isolates, followed by 14 strains of N. otitidiscaviarum. Infections by N. transvalensis (3 strains) and N. pseudobrasiliensis (1 strain) were also confirmed. The infections due to N. transvalensis, N. cyriacigeorgica, and N. beijingensis were the first reported in Japan. The most common factor that predisposed individuals to nocardial infection in Japan was therapy by immunosuppressive agents (22.4%), including SLE therapy (3.6%), followed by cancer (6.6%), diabetes (3.6%) and AIDS (2.0%). Nocardial infections occurred more commonly in the elderly, with most of the patients between the ages of 61 and 80 years of age. No significant difference regarding infectivity levels between the sexes was observed.