早产儿支气管肺发育不良合并代谢性骨病的影响因素

目的 探讨早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)合并代谢性骨病(MBD)的临床高危因素。方法 选取青岛大学附属医院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)于2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日收治的151例BPD早产儿为研究对象,按照BPD早产儿是否合并MBD,将其分为BPD合并MBD组(n=41)和单纯BPD组(n=110)。采取回顾性分析法,对2组患儿的临床病例资料、除MBD外的其他并发症发生情况、无创正压通气与有创机械通气治疗时间、药物治疗情况、血清生化指标、肠内与肠外营养情况等进行分析。采用Pearson列联系数,对2组患儿的BPD严重程度与MBD相关性进行分析。再将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量,纳入多因素非条件logistic回归分析,探讨BPD早产儿合并MBD的影响因素。本研究遵循的研究程序经青岛大学附属医院医学伦理委员会审批(QYFY WZLL 26771),并与所有患儿监护人签署书面知情同意书。结果 (1)BPD合并MBD组患儿出生胎龄、出生体重,均低于单纯BPD组,并且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)BPD合并MBD组早产儿无创正压通气时间和住院时间,均长于单纯...     

极低出生体重儿支气管肺发育不良影响因素分析

目的探讨极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)发生支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的影响因素。方法选择2015年1月至12月,四川大学华西第二医院新生儿重症监护室收治的163例VLBWI为研究对象。按照出院诊断是否包括BPD,将其分为BPD组(n=57)及非BPD组(n=106)。回顾性分析VLBWI临床病例资料,统计学比较下面各项因素对于VLBWI发生BPD的影响。(1)2组VLBWI母亲产前一般临床资料,包括年龄、胎次、是否初产妇、是否多胎妊娠、是否按期规律进行产前检查、分娩时并发症发生情况、分娩方式等12项因素;(2)新生儿情况,包括胎龄,出生体重,性别,出生后1min及5min Apgar评分,出生后肺表面活性物质(PS)使用情况,机械通气使用率及时间,以及生后合并症发生情况等14项因素。根据临床经验及VLBWI发生BPD的单因素分析结果,对其中13项影响因素,进一步进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析,探讨VLBWI发生BPD的独立影响因素。结果 (1)单因素分析结果显示:BPD组VLBWI母亲妊娠期高血压或子痫前期,以及剖宫产比例,均较非BPD组低,而产前出血比例,则较非BPD组高,并且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);BPD组VLBWI胎龄较非BPD组小,出生体重较非BPD组轻;BPD组VLBWI出生后1 min及5 min Apgar评分≤7分所占比例、PS使用率、机械通气率及时间,以及新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)和脑室周-脑室内出血/脑室周围白质软化(PIVH/PVL)发生率,则均较非BPD组高或长,并且上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)VLBWI发生BPD影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示:胎龄29.5周(OR=3.876,95%CI:1.260~11.924,P0.05),出生体重1 300g(OR=3.983,95%CI:1.165~13.621,P0.05)是VLBWI发生BPD的独立危险因素;机械通气时间7d(OR=0.146,95%CI:0.050~0.424,P0.05)是VLBWI是否发生BPD的独立保护因素。结论避免早产及合理的机械通气策略,可能降低VLBWI的BPD发生率。     

支气管肺发育不良并发早产儿视网膜病的临床影响因素分析

目的 探讨支气管肺发育不良(BPD)早产儿并发早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的临床影响因素。方法 选取2016年1月至2021年12月于苏州大学附属儿童医院新生儿科住院治疗、出生胎龄<32周并诊断为BPD的230例早产儿为研究对象,根据眼底筛查结果分为ROP组(n=60)和对照组(n=170)。对比两组患儿临床因素的差异性,探讨BPD早产儿并发ROP的临床影响因素。结果 本研究230例BPD早产儿轻度、中度、重度分别为108、81、41例;ROP组患儿胎龄、出生体重低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为-5.100、-3.743,P<0.001);ROP组吸氧时间、早期输血(生后10天内)比例及28天内输血次数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²/Z值分别为-2.745、25.336、-5.899,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归结果显示,生后早期输血、生后28天输血次数多是BPD早产儿发生ROP的独立危险因素,其OR值及95%CI分别为4.371(1.981～7.757)、3.563(2.032～6.246);胎龄是BPD早产儿发生ROP...     

早期营养对早产儿支气管肺发育不良的影响

目的:探讨出生胎龄≤32周早产儿生后2周营养摄入对早产儿支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD）的影响。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究,研究对象为2016年1月1日—2017年12月31日青岛大学附属医院新生儿重症监护病房收治的胎龄≤32周的极低出生体重儿（出生体重≤1 500 g...     

早产儿支气管肺发育不良与宫内感染的相关性

目的 探讨早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)与宫内感染的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月在徐州医科大学附属医院出生48小时内入住新生儿重症监护室(N IC U)的200例早产儿资料,按是否存在宫内感染分为宫内感染组(n=38例)与非宫内感染组(n=162例),按是否发生BPD分为BPD组(n=77例)与非BPD组(n=123例),比较宫内感染组与非宫内感染组、BPD组与非BPD组的临床特点,通过单因素及多因素分析BPD与宫内感染的关系,并明确各变量间的共线性,通过结构方程模型明确宫内感染与早产儿BPD的因果关联性.结果 宫内感染组患儿BPD的发生率显著高于非宫内感染组,且宫内感染组的中重度BPD的发生率显著高于非宫内感染组,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为14.755、16.663,P<0.001).BPD组妊娠期高血压疾病的发生率显著高于非BPD组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.681,P<0.05).BPD组宫内感染率(32.47％)显著高于非BPD组(10.57％)(χ2=14.755,P<0.001);中重度BPD宫内感染率(75.00％)显著高于轻度BPD(21.31％),差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.663,P<0.001).BPD组与非BPD组的常频机械通气(χ2=30.491)、高频机械通气(χ2=11.313)、持续气道正压通气(χ2=4.519)、持续气道正压通气时间(t=3.941)、经鼻间歇正压通气(χ2=11.823)、经鼻间歇正压通气时间(t=6.924)、有创通气(χ2=48.198)、无创通气(χ2=31.526)、无创通气时间(t=7.665)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).BPD组与非BPD组患儿的出生后入量、尿量、能量摄入的时间效应(F时间值分别为733.074、426.164、515.075)和交互效应(F交互值分别为10.831、17.823、24.508)及组间效应(F组间值分别为507.335、127.054、529.962)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001).经Logistic逐步回归分析显示,宫内感染与胎龄、有创通气、NRDS、红细胞悬液的使用、D3～D7能量摄入、D1的pH、D1～D3的PCO2、D1～D2的PaO2均是早产儿BPD的影响因素(r=-0.420～0.420,P<0.05),且方差膨胀系数(VIF)均<3,提示各变量不存在共线性.结构方程模型分析显示宫内感染与早产儿BPD相关,关联系数估计值为2.705,t=11.654,P<0.001.结论 宫内感染与早产儿BPD相关,存在因果关联性.     

极低出生体重早产儿支气管肺发育不良高危因素分析

目的探讨极低出生体重(VLBW)早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生情况及其高危因素。 方法选择2014年1月1日至12月31日，于广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院住院治疗的107例出生体重<1 500 g早产儿为研究对象。根据其是否被诊断为BPD，而将其分别纳入BPD组(n＝36)及非BPD组(n＝71)。回顾性分析这107例早产儿的临床病例资料，包括产科因素、早产儿出生时一般情况、治疗经过及住院期间主要并发症发生情况，共计4个方面的26项观察项目。采用t检验及χ²检验，对8项产科因素及10项早产儿出生、治疗相关因素，进行单因素分析；采用单因素logistic回归分析法，对早产儿住院期间发生的8个并发症因素进行分析；再结合已有研究结果及临床经验，以及上述单因素分析结果，将VLBW早产儿发生BPD的13项可能影响因素，进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析，以探讨VLBW早产儿发生BPD的独立影响因素。本研究符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①对VLBW早产儿发生BPD影响因素的单因素分析结果显示：差异具有统计学意义的因素包括分娩方式、孕产妇宫内感染，早产儿出生体重、胎龄，新生儿窒息、经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)、有创机械通气、有创机械通气时间、吸入高浓度氧、使用肺表面活性物质(PS)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)及败血症。②多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示：采取有创机械通气(OR＝51.936, 95%CI: 2.395～1 126.182, P＝0.012)，吸入高浓度氧(OR＝76.269, 95%CI: 5.279～1 101.998, P＝0.001)，发生NRDS(OR＝4.497, 95%CI: 1.772～11.415, P＝0.002)及合并败血症(OR＝2.521, 95%CI: 1.006～6.319, P＝0.049)，为VLBW早产儿发生BPD的独立危险因素；剖宫产术分娩(OR＝0.045, 95%CI: 0.003～0.730, P＝0.029)为其独立保护因素。 结论VLBW早产儿若接受有创机械通气、吸入高浓度氧、发生NRDS、合并败血症，则容易发生BPD。临床应针对这些因素，对VLBW早产儿采取相应处理措施，以预防BPD发生。     

支气管肺发育不良早产儿肝细胞生长因子、血管内皮生长因子水平变化及其相关性

目的探讨发生支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的早产儿支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达水平变化及其相关性。 方法选择2009年10月至2013年6月浙江省金华市中心医院(浙江大学金华医院)和温州医科大学附属二院育英儿童医院收治的生后24 h内行气管插管呼吸机辅助治疗的60例早产儿为研究对象。根据早产儿是否为BPD,将其分为BPD组(n＝22)和非BPD组(n＝38)。两组患儿的胎龄、出生体质量、性别构成比、生后5 min Apagar评分、肺表面活性物质(PS)应用次数等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿均于在气管插管拔除之前采集BALF,采集时间点分别在生后第1,3,7,14天。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定BALF上清液中HGF、VEGF及sIgA水平,并对两组进行对比分析。本研究遵循的程序符合金华市中心医院(浙江大学金华医院)和温州医科大学附属二院育英儿童医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象监护人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果①BPD组患儿接受呼吸机治疗时间明显较非BPD组长(Z＝3.283,P＝0.001)。②早产儿生后2周内不同时间点,BPD组患儿BALF中HGF及VEGF水平均低于非BPD组(P<0.05),且随着日龄的增加,BPD组的HGF水平逐渐下降,而VEGF水平逐渐升高。③出生后第3天HGF及VEGF水平与BPD转归呈负相关关系(OR＝0.806,95%CI：0.764～0.851,P<0.01;OR＝0.288,95%CI：0.189～0.439,P<0.01)。 结论BPD早产儿BALF中HGF、VEGF水平明显低于非BPD早产儿。出生后第3天的HGF、VEGF低水平表达与BPD发生具有相关性。     

极低出生体质量儿支气管肺发育不良危险因素及呼吸系统预后分析

目的探讨极低出生体质量儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的危险因素,分析出生后2年内的呼吸系统疾病特点和肺功能指标,为预防BPD发生、提高BPD早产儿预后提供理论依据。方法选取2014年1月—2015年1月入住早产儿病房的早产儿70例为研究对象。其中BPD组35例,非BPD组35例。采集与BPD有关的危险因素行单因素分析和多因素分析。统计两组早产儿2岁内的肺炎、喘息发作次数及住院次数,并比较两组早产儿2岁时的肺功能参数。结果有创机械通气≥7 d、出生体质量是发生BPD的独立危险因素;BPD组早产儿2岁内肺炎次数、喘息发作次数和住院次数均高于非BPD组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);BPD组和非BPD组早产儿2岁时的肺功能参数比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论极低出生体质量儿应尽可能使用无创通气预防BPD,存活BPD早产儿呼吸系统患病率高,肺功能差。     

预测低出生体质量早产儿支气管肺发育不良列线图模型的建立及评估

目的 建立预测低出生体质量早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)列线图模型，并对其准确度与一致性进行评估。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年12月余姚市人民医院新生儿重症病房收治的238例低出生体质量早产儿为研究对象，体质量≤2 500 g,孕周≤32周，根据是否发生BPD分为BPD组与非BPD组，采用单因素及多因素分析筛选影响BPD的危险因素，基于筛选出的危险因素采用R软件构建预测BPD的列线图模型，通过ROC曲线下面积检验模型预测效果并进行拟合优度验证。结果 238例低出生体质量早产儿共发生67例BPD,发生率为28.15%;多因素logistic回归分析显示，出生体质量、胎龄、合并NRDS、母亲合并绒毛膜羊膜炎、机械通气时间及氧疗时间是影响BPD发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);将独立危险因素引入R软件(R3.6.3)构建列线图模型，ROC曲线下面积为0.883,列线图校准曲线斜率接近1;并进行Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验，χ²=7.507,P=0.483。结论 本研究基于影响低出生体质量早产儿BPD的危险因素构建的列线图预测模型具有...     

支气管肺发育不良早产儿肝细胞生长因子和转化生长因子β1水平变化及其相关性

目的探讨发生支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的早产儿支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和转化生长因子β1 (TGF-β1)表达水平变化及其相关性,为RPD早产儿的早期诊断及预后评价提供理论依据。方法选择2013年6月-2016年6月四川省妇女儿童医院收治的生后24 h内行气管插管呼吸机辅助治疗的72例早产儿为研究对象,根据早产儿是否发生BPD分为BPD组26例和非BPD组46例,对两组早产儿在气管插管呼吸机辅助治疗1、24、72 h采集BALF,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定BALF上清液中HGF和TGF-β1水平并进行对比分析。结果与非BPD组比较,BPD组早产儿接受呼吸机治疗时间明显延长(P0.01);生后72 h内两组早产儿BALF中HGF水平随日龄逐渐下降; BPD组早产儿治疗后1、24、72 h不同时间点BALF中HGF水平明显低于非BPD组早产儿,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后72 h内两组早产儿BALF中TGF-β1水平随治疗日龄逐渐上升,BPD组与非BPD组早产儿治疗后1h BALF中TGF-β1比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05); BPD组早产儿治疗后24、72 h BALF中TGF-β1水平明显高于非BPD组早产儿,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。BPD组早产儿治疗后24、72 h BALF中HGF水平变化与TGF-β1水平变化均呈负相关(P0.01)。结论 BPD早产儿BALF中HGF水平明显低于非BPD早产儿,TGF-β1水平明显高于非BPD早产儿。出生后24 h的HGF低水平表达和TGF-β1高水平表达与BPD发生具有明显相关性。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.