腹腔镜解剖性肝切除技术研究

目的　介绍完全腹腔镜下解剖性肝切除技术。方法　完全腹腔镜下解剖、阻断相应肝段、肝叶的入、出肝血流,按解剖学标志切除肝段、肝叶共35例,其中原发性肝癌16例、肝脏血管瘤11例、其它8例。结果　35例手术在完全腹腔镜下完成,左半肝切除( 、、段) 7例、左外叶( 、段)切除14例、肝方叶( 段)切除1例、右前叶下段( 段)切除2例、右后叶下段( 段)切除3例、右叶下段( 、段)切除4例、右后叶( 、段)切除3例、右前叶下段并右后叶( 、、段)切除1例。手术时间2 6 7.77±12 2 .6 9m in,出血量4 80 .0 0±5 75 .90 m l。术后住院5 .6 7±2 .0 6天。未发生胆漏、出血、感染等并发症。结论　在现有条件下,腹腔镜解剖性肝切除较好地解决了腹腔镜下肝段以上肝切除时出血、气栓等问题,可安全用于左半肝及肝右叶部分肝段的切除。     

腹腔镜解剖性肝切除手术切面确定原则

精确确定手术切面是规范实施腹腔镜解剖性肝切除的技术难点。与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜肝切除由于缺乏开放手术的触感、操作空间限制等原因,在如何确定解剖性肝切除的手术切面方面,有其特殊性。本文就腹腔镜解剖性肝切除确定手术切面的常用的方法,进行小结。目前主要方法有：(1)循肝脏表面解剖标志;(2)循肝静脉路径;(3)预先控制目标肝段肝蒂,循缺血界面;(4)目标肝段门静脉穿刺染色。这些方法各有优缺点,适用于不同的肝段切除。临床实践应根据实际情况,综合应用。     

解剖性肝段切除

目的 探讨解剖性肝段切除的方法和应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月～2013年1月近3年我科采用不同手术方式实施肝切除的差别.其中解剖性肝段切除组15例、Pringle组25例,比较两种方法对术中失血量、术后肝功能及康复时间等指标的影响.结果 解剖性肝段切除组失血量较Pringle组显著减少（P＜0.05）,解剖性肝段切除组术后肝功能恢复快、康复时间短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 解剖性肝段切除较传统的Pringle肝门阻断下切肝方法有明显的优越性.     

九例腹腔镜解剖性肝Ⅷ段切除的可行性与策略分析

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜解剖性肝Ⅷ段切除的策略、安全性及近期疗效。方法:回顾分析湖南省人民医院2015年1月至2019年12月行腹腔镜解剖性肝Ⅷ段切除9例患者资料,其中男性6例,女性3例,年龄范围29～67岁,平均年龄53.6岁。观察手术时间、术中失血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症等指标。出院后随访生存和复发情况。结果:9例...     

腹腔镜解剖性肝切除术

虽然全球第一例开腹肝切除术始于1949年,直至1967年Gauinand的肝脏功能性分区和分段的问世,才为肝脏手术发展奠定了解剖学基础[1]。而腹腔镜肝切除术（laparoscopic hepatectomy,LH）尽管始于很晚的1991年,国内则1994年后才相继开展,但由于早年先驱学者的研究成果,以及影象学、     

射频消融技术在腹腔镜解剖性肝切除动物模型中的应用

目的评价在腹腔镜解剖性肝切除动物模型中应用射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）技术进行肝段定位、入肝血流阻断以及辅助肝实质离断的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法 20头猪选取不同肝段分别完成2个实验。第1个实验中,20头猪随机分为2组,分别为门静脉RFA辅助组（超声引导下肝段门静脉系统定位及RFA辅助肝段血流阻断下腹腔镜肝段切除）和常规腹腔镜切除组（常规腹腔镜肝段切除）,每组10头。第2个实验中,20头猪重新按随机数字表随机分为2组,分别为RFA辅助肝实质离断组（RFA辅助肝实质离断腹腔镜左外叶肝切除）和常规腹腔镜肝叶切除组（常规腹腔镜左外叶切除）,每组10头。比较手术时间、术中出血量和切除肝段重量。结果第1个实验中,9头猪完成超声引导下肝段门静脉系统RFA辅助腹腔镜肝段切除,常规腹腔镜切除组10头猪完成手术。门静脉RFA辅助组和常规腹腔镜切除组手术时间分别为（74±16）min和（104±28）min（t=-2.821,P=0.012）,术中出血量分别为（84±20）ml和（114±32）ml（t=-2.416,P=0.027）。第2个实验中,RFA辅助肝实质离断组和常规腹腔镜肝叶切除组手术均顺利完成,2组手术时间无统计学差异[（136±26）min vs.（124±18）min,t=1.200,P=0.246],术中出血量有统计学差异[（110±36）ml vs.（164±50）ml,t=-2.772,P=0.013]。结论超声引导下肝段门静脉系统RFA辅助肝段入肝血流阻断后行腹腔镜肝段切除有助于缩短手术时间和减少术中出血量;RFA辅助肝实质离断的腹腔镜肝左外叶切除与常规腹腔镜肝叶切除相比在不增加手术时间的基础上可以减少术中出血。     

经腹腔镜左肝切除五例

目的 探讨腹腔镜解剖性左肝切除手术的临床经验。方法 经临床筛选病灶位于左半肝的病例5例，其中原发性肝癌3例、肝囊肿伴感染1例、肝血管瘤1例。应用电刀、超声刀和腔内直线形切割缝合器等多种断肝方法，采用钛夹夹闭、医用生物蛋白胶粘封等肝断面处理方法，在全气腹条件下经腹腔镜行左半肝切除2例，左外叶切除2例，肝方叶切除1例。结果 5例均在腹腔镜下完成肝切除手术，对各肝段的脉管先进行解剖分离，然后进行处理是手术控制出血的关键。使用垃圾袋将标本取出。术中未出现不能控制的并发症，腹腔引流管放置时间2～4d。术后未发生胆漏和出血等并发症，恢复顺利，术后平均住院7d，术后恢复时间较常规开腹方法肝切除病人明显缩短。结论 对位于左半肝的病灶，采用多种方法相结合行腹腔镜解剖性左肝切除手术是安全可行的手术方式，特别是创伤小的优点给伴有严重肝硬化而不能耐受开腹手术者提供了切除肿瘤的新途径。     

Laparoscopic anatomical (hepatic) left lateral segmentectomy—technical aspects

Laparoscopic liver surgery is a tremendous challenge. The authors report a left liver lobectomy and removal by a total laparoscopic approach. Anatomical left lateral laparoscopic segmentectomy was performed on a woman who had a symptomatic hepatic adenoma. The patient was discharged after an uncomplicated postoperative recovery; the hospital stay and convalescence period were very short. The cosmetic result was good.     

Isolated resection of segment 8 for liver tumors: a new approach for anatomical segmentectomy

HYPOTHESIS: Isolated resection of segment 8 (the right anterosuperior liver segment) is one of the most difficult hepatectomies to perform because of the location of segment 8, the relation between section 8 and the main intrahepatic vessels, and the absence of any anatomical landmarks. The few reports that deal with isolated resection of section 8 generally describe the use of a deep wedge transparenchymal transection. DESIGN: Original surgical technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The proposed technique is based on the extraparenchymal isolation and temporary clamping of the right anterior artery and portal branches, causing ischemic demarcation on the liver surface, which corresponds to the anatomical borders of the right paramedian segments (5 and 8). The liver is widely transected along the main hepatic fissure; then the pedicles of segment 8 are selectively ligated inside the parenchyma, and the resection is accomplished. This technique was used in 10 patients: 5 with hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis and 5 with liver metastases. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 253 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was minimal in all cases, and 7 patients did not require blood transfusion. Slight complications developed in 3 patients, and there was no operative death. The mean hospital stay was 9.3 days. CONCLUSIONS: This operative procedure is safe and ensures a complete anatomical resection of segment 8. The wide opening of the liver parenchyma facilitates hemostasis and makes it possible to obtain a correct resection margin. This technique is recommended for limited metastatic lesions located in segment 8 or for hepatocellular carcinoma arising in a cirrhotic liver.     

腹腔镜解剖性肝叶切除术治疗肝良恶性病变

目的探讨腹腔镜下解剖性肝叶切除术治疗肝良恶性病变的安全性、可行性.方法对2005年1月至2010年2月在我院行腹腔镜下解剖性肝部分切除术的67例患者进行可行性及疗效分析,并对其临床效果进行观察.结果67例完全腹腔镜下解剖性肝叶切除术均获得成功,平均手术时间(50.6±16.2)min;术中平均出血量(220.8±76.5)ml.术中无需阻断肝门血流,术后无并发症发生.术后48 h均能下床活动,术后1～3 d即能进食.术后住院5～7 d,平均(6.6±1.1)d;总住院费用(30767.4±150.1)元.结论对位于肝左叶、右肝表面、肝右叶下段的良恶性病灶,行腹腔镜下解剖性肝叶切除术是安全和可行的,且具有创伤小恢复快的特点,值得临床推广应用.     

Completion lobectomy after anatomical segmentectomy

Open in a separate windowPatient selection flowchart. OBJECTIVESCompletion lobectomy (CL) after anatomical segmentectomy in the same lobe can be complicated by severe adhesions around the hilar structures and may lead to fatal bleeding and lung injury. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the perioperative outcomes of CL after anatomical segmentectomy.METHODSAmong 461 patients who underwent anatomical segmentectomy (thoracotomy, 62 patients; thoracoscopic surgery, 399 patients) between January 2005 and December 2019, data of patients who underwent CL after segmentectomy were extracted and analysed in this study.RESULTSEight patients underwent CL after segmentectomy. CL was performed via video-assisted thoracic surgery in 3 patients and thoracotomy in 5 patients. In each case, there were moderate to severe adhesions. Four patients required simultaneous resection of the pulmonary parenchyma and pulmonary artery. Thoracotomy was not required after thoracoscopic surgery in any patient. Two patients experienced complications (air leakage and arrhythmia). The median duration of hospitalization after CL was 6 (range, 5–7) days. No postoperative mortality or recurrence of lung cancer was observed. All the patients with lung cancer were alive and recurrence-free at the time of publication.CONCLUSIONSAlthough individual adhesions render surgery difficult, CL after anatomical segmentectomy shows acceptable perioperative outcomes. However, CL by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the initial surgery.     

Planning of anatomical liver segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy with 3-dimensional simulation software

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 3-dimensional (3D) simulation software is applicable to and useful for anatomic liver segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy.

Methods

A prospective study of 83 consecutive patients who underwent anatomic segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy using the puncture method was performed. All patients underwent 3D simulation analysis (SA) preoperatively for planning operative procedures. The clinical information acquired by 3D SA and the consistency of virtual and real hepatectomy were evaluated.

Results

The time needed for completing 3D SA was 18.3 ± .7 minutes. Three-dimensional SA proposed resection of multiple segments or subsegments in 29 patients (35%). It also helped complement the resection line in 26 patients (31%) who lacked a bold staining area on the liver surface. The volume of segment or subsegment calculated by 3D SA was correlated with the actual resected specimen (R² = .9942, P < .01). The bordering hepatic veins were clearly exposed in 71 patients (86%), in accordance with completed drawings by 3D SA.

Conclusions

Three-dimensional SA showed accurate completed drawings and assisted liver surgeons in planning and executing anatomic segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy.     

完全腹腔镜下肝左外叶解剖性切除七例

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下肝脏左外叶解剖性切除手术的方法和适应证。方法在不阻断全肝血流的情况下 ,应用多种器械于完全腹腔镜下进行解剖性肝左外叶切除 7例 (男 3例 ,女4例 ) ,其中原发性肝癌 2例 ,肝脏血管瘤 5例 (2例为多发 )。术前 3例行超声和CT检查 ,4例行超声、CT和MRI检查。结果 7例手术均在完全腹腔镜下顺利完成 ,平均手术时间 2 10min ,平均出血量70 0ml,平均输血量 343ml。术后平均住院 5 7d ,腹腔引流管放置时间 2～ 4d。未发生胆漏、出血、感染等并发症。结论在现有的手术器械条件及在不阻断全肝血流的情况下 ,可安全地进行腹腔镜肝左外叶解剖性切除。