胰十二指肠切除术后发生胃排空延迟的危险因素分析及预测列线图的建立

目的：探索胰十二指肠切除术后发生胃排空延迟（DGE）的危险因素并构建预测模型。方法：回顾性收集山东大学齐鲁医院器官移植科收治的104例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者,根据是否发生DGE分为病例组及正常组,经单因素及多因素分析后,筛选影响DGE的独立影响因素,并构建预测模型。结果：多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示胃肠吻合方式（OR=0.061,95%CI:0.006～0.647）、术前行PTCD(OR=6.837,95%CI:1.527～30.612),术前直接胆红素（OR=8.784,95%CI:1.562～49.385）,术后输血（OR=10.238,95%CI:2.134～49.114）以及二次手术（OR=37.172,95%CI:1.224～1129.347）为影响术后DGE的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。以这5个变量构建了预测DGE的列线图模型,曲线下面积为0.877(95%CI:0.803～0.951),Calibration校准曲线显示模型预测的风险与实际风险之间具有较好的一致性。结论：使用线形胃肠吻合能够降低DGE的发生率,而术前行PTCD、术前直接胆红素>1...     

胰十二指肠切除术后出血的危险因素分析及列线图预测模型建立

目的 探究胰十二指肠切除术后出血的危险因素分析,并建立列线图预测模型。方法 回顾性选取我院2018年6月至2020年12月收治的345例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者纳入研究。根据术后出血情况分为出血组和未出血组,收集患者临床资料如年龄、性别、基础疾病、既往病史、疾病情况等,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析探究患者术后出血的相关危险因素,并建立预测术后出血的列线图模型。结果 345例患者中有33例发生术后出血,发生率为9.32%。Logistic回归模型分析发现,患者年龄≥65岁、高血压、血糖≥6.1mmol/L、腹腔感染、胰瘘是患者发生PD术后出血独立危险因素(P<0.05)。PD术后出血的列线图模型初始AUC为0.911,采用重复Bootstrap法内部验证AUC为0.884,分区度良好,观测值与预测值具有较好的一致性。结论 年龄≥65岁、高血压、血糖≥6.1 mmol/L、腹腔感染、胰瘘是患者发生PD术后出血独立危险因素是患者PD术后出血的独立危险因素,基于上述因素因素构建的列线图模型可准确预测PD术后出血的发生风险,帮助临床诊断治疗。     

老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的危险因素探讨及风险列线图模型的建立

目的探讨老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的危险因素,并建立预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的风险列线图模型。 方法选取2014年1月至2019年12月于南京大学附属鼓楼医院进行诊治的260例行腹壁切口疝修补术老年患者作为研究对象,分析所选患者的临床资料,根据是否复发将所选患者分为复发组和正常组,采用Logistic回归分析筛选老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的危险因素,并建立老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的风险列线图模型。 结果260例腹壁切口疝修补术老年患者中术后复发患者36例（13.85%）。单因素分析结果显示,复发组和正常组患者性别、年龄、疝类型、疝部位、补片型号、固定补片、手术类型及饮酒史等资料差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而手术时间、医师水平、术后血肿、吸烟史及肥胖等资料差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术时间≥120 min、医师水平、术后血肿、有吸烟史及肥胖等为老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,均和老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发高度相关。基于手术时间、医师水平、术后血肿、吸烟史及肥胖等老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的独立危险因素,建立预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的风险列线图模型,C-index指数为0.775（95% CI：0.728~0.823）,预测值与实测值基本一致,说明本列线图的辨别力较好,列线图模型预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的受试者工作特征曲线显示,曲线下面积为0.807,表明本研究列线图的预测价值较高。 结论手术时间≥120 min、医师水平、术后血肿、有吸烟史及肥胖等为老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的独立危险因素,本研究所建立的列线图有助于预测老年患者腹壁切口疝修补术后复发的发生风险。     

预测乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良的列线图模型建立

目的探讨乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良的危险因素,构建预测术后切口愈合不良发生的列线图模型,并评估模型的预测效果。 方法采用便利抽样法,选择2016年1月至2021年10月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院行乳腺癌手术的813例患者,根据术后切口愈合情况分为愈合良好组（767例）和愈合不良组（46例）。收集两组患者基本信息、病理特征及手术情况开展单因素分析,通过多因素Logistic回归分析筛选术后切口愈合不良的危险因素,利用R 4.1.3软件绘制术后切口愈合不良发生的列线图预测模型并评估其区分度和符合度。 结果愈合不良组年龄、营养不良、合并糖尿病、贫血及手术切口为纵切口比例、置引流管时间与愈合良好组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良发生的主要危险因素为年龄大（OR=1.269）、营养不良（OR=2.376）、合并糖尿病（OR=2.262）、贫血（OR=2.227）、置引流管时间长（OR=1.571）（均P<0.05）;受试者工作特征曲线及校准曲线分析结果显示,构建的列线图预测模型区分度（曲线下面积为0.785,95% CI：0.725~0.845）及符合度（拟合优度HL检验χ²=8.294,P=0.405）均较高。 结论基于年龄、营养不良、合并糖尿病、贫血、置引流管时间5项危险因素构建的乳腺癌术后切口愈合不良列线图模型具有较好的预测效能。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘风险预测的影像学研究进展

目的 总结胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后胰瘘风险预测的影像学相关研究进展.方法 复习近年来有关PD后胰瘘危险因素及风险预测的影像学相关文献并进行综述.结果 对胰瘘的风险预测可从PD术前、术中及术后三方面进行.内脏性肥胖是临床相关胰瘘(CR-POPF)的独立危险因素;基于术前影像学定义的肌少症对于CR-POPF无明显预测价值...     

腹壁切口疝修补术后补片感染列线图预测模型构建

目的分析腹壁切口疝修补术后补片感染的危险因素,建立切口疝患者补片感染的预测模型,为临床预测切口疝修补术后发生补片感染提供一种可视化评价工具。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院就诊的475例切口疝患者的临床资料,收集患者的一般资料、手术资料、术后恢复情况,随访补片感染情况。使用Lasso回归筛选预测因子,在此基础上通过多因素Logistic回归进一步分析并建立列线图预测模型,采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积评估模型的预测效力。 结果475例接受切口疝修补手术的患者中有11例出现补片感染,发生率为2.3%。Lasso回归结合多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,体质量指数（OR=1.206,95% CI 1.034~1.407）、糖尿病史（OR=6.484,95% CI 1.233~34.108）、术后外科手术部位感染（OR=37.095,95% CI 4.253~323.532）是切口疝患者发生补片感染的影响因素（P<0.05）,利用上述变量建立列线图预测模型,列线图预测模型预测补片感染发生AUC为0.880（95% CI 0.785~0.975）。 结论本研究成功建立一种具有良好预测效力的列线图预测模型,有助于提高对补片感染高危切口疝患者的早期鉴别能力,为改善切口疝患者预后提供帮助。     

替代胰瘘风险预测系统在胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的预测价值

目的分析胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的高危因素和替代胰瘘风险评分系统对预测术后胰瘘发生情况的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院同一手术团队自2015年1月1日起至2019年1月1日收治并实施根治性胰十二指肠切除术的患者临床资料。对影响术后胰瘘发生情况的临床因素进性单因素分析;根据替代胰瘘风险评分系统计算术后胰瘘发生的概率。结果纳入此次研究的患者共195例,术后共计66例患者(33.8%)出现胰瘘,其中包含生化瘘41例(21.0%),B级瘘25例(12.8%),无C级瘘发生。单因素分析结果提示术后胰瘘的发生与术前合并糖尿病、胰管直径≤3mm、胰腺质地软、胰体组织CT值40相关(P0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析发现胰管直径≤3mm、胰腺质地软是影响PD术后胰瘘的独立危险因素,ROC曲线分析结果提示替代胰瘘风险预测系统预测术后胰瘘的灵敏度为82.1%,特异度为84.4%,曲线下面积为0.900(95%CI:0.851～0.948)。结论替代胰瘘风险评估系统参数客观,操作简便,在术后胰瘘发生情况的预测中有一定的临床价值,未来仍需大样本、多中心的前瞻性的研究来进一步论证。     

胰十二指肠切除术后并发症

１９８５年１月～１９９５年１２月，我院行胰十二指肠切除术１１５例，术后死亡率７０％（８例）。并发症发病率为３７４％（４３例），包括胃排空延迟１９１％（２２例），胰空肠吻合口漏７８％（９例），腹腔脓肿７０％（８例），胆肠吻合口漏６１％（７例），应激性溃疡８７％（１０例）和腹腔内出血７０％（８例）。并发症与高龄，手术时间长和术中大量出血有关，大多数以非手术治疗而愈。当需再次手术，死亡率增加。术后并发症的处理以简单和保守为原则。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的防治

目的: 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的防治经验.方法: 回顾分析1994年1月至2003年12月60例胰十二指肠切除术,均作Child术式重建.胰肠吻合采用传统双层套入法吻合,胰管予支架管内引流.结果: 共发生胰瘘5例,占8.3%.手术开展早期明显高于开展后期,残胰质地软者发生率高.全组无手术死亡.结论: 胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的防治在于技术的提高及胰肠吻合的处理.     

胰十二指肠切除术后出血

目的：探讨胰十二指肠切除术后出血的原因及其诊治。方法;对215例行胰十二指肠切除术病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果：总的术后病死率为6.5%。19例患者发生术后出血（8.8)%,6例最终导致死亡（1.6%)。胃肠道出血11例,腹腔内出血8例。共发现有5例是由于胰瘘腐蚀周围血管造成（26.3%),其中死亡3例。10例行再次开腹手术。慢性胰腺炎手术后发生出血2例（7.7%),肿瘤手术后发生出血17例（9%）。131例术前有梗阻性黄疸（60.9%),其中15例发生术后出血（11.5%)。结论：预防术后出积压,术中细致操作最重要。其次,术前纠正凝血功能异常,术后严密及时发现并发症,预防性使用止血药物也很重要。     

Increased risk for incisional hernia following cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Introduction

The incidence of incisional hernias (IH) after midline laparotomy varies from 11% to 20%. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is potentially prone to hernias because a Xiphoid to pubis laparotomy incision performed on patients who have undergone previous abdominal surgeries with the addition of chemotherapy and its related adverse effects.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis on a prospectively maintained single institution database from March 2015 to July 2020. The inclusion criteria were patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC and had at least 6 months postoperative follow-up with post-operative cross-sectional imaging study.

Results

Two hundred and one patients were included in the study. All patients underwent CRS-HIPEC with resection of previous scar and umbilectomy. Fifty-four patients were diagnosed with IH (26.9%). The major risk factors for IH in multivariate analysis were higher American society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) (OR 3.9, P = 0.012), increasing age (OR 1.06, P = 0.004) and increasing BMI (OR 1.1, P = 0.006). Most of the hernia sites were median (n = 43, 79.6%). Eleven (20.4%) patients had lateral hernias due to stoma incisions or drain sites. Most of the median hernias were at the level of the resected umbilicus 58.9% (n = 23). Five (9.3%) of the patients with IH necessitated an urgent surgical repair.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated that more than a quarter of the patients after CRS-HIPEC suffer from IH and up to 10% of them may require surgical intervention. More research is needed to find the appropriate intraoperative interventions to minimize this sequela.     

腹腔镜切口疝修补术的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜切口疝修补术的手术操作方法、适应证及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2012年4月至2014年6月为38例患者行腹腔镜切口疝修补术的临床资料。结果:38例手术均顺利完成,手术时间40～90 min,平均(56±6)min;术后排气时间12～48 h,术后住院(6.5±1.5)d。术后5例患者出现血清肿,进行2～3次抽液同时腹带加压包扎后血清肿消失,无肠梗阻、肠穿孔、切口感染等并发症发生。随访6～24个月,未出现切口疝复发。结论:腹腔镜切口疝修补术具有手术创伤小、术后康复快、并发症发生率及切口疝复发率低等优点,值得在临床推广应用。     

应用合成补片修补腹壁切口疝的经验总结

目的:探讨腹壁切口疝病人的无张力手术治疗方法和疗效.方法:回顾性分析我院2000年7月至2008年6月间收治的215例应用合成补片修补腹壁切口疝病人的临床资料.结果:215例中101例采用IPOM方法,有1例复发,复发率0.99%;97例采用Stoppa方法,有3例复发,复发率3.09%;17例采用肌前修补法,有3例复发,复发率17.6%.在21例复发疝病人中,16例采用了IPOM方法,无再复发病例;5例采用了Stoppa方法,有1例再复发,复发率20%.结论:IPOM方法和Stoppa方法的手术适应症宽、复发率低.IPOM方法对于复发的切口疝病人有更好的治疗效果.术者的经验和方法的正确性对修补的成功均有重要意义.     

开放式完全腹腔内修补治疗巨大腹壁切口疝10例

目的探讨用Gore—Tex补片开放式完全腹腔内修补治疗巨大腹壁切口疝的疗效。方法用Gore．Tex补片开放式完全腹腔内修补治疗巨大腹壁切口疝10例，其中初发切口疝9例，复发切口疝1例。结果9例一期愈合，1例发生创面局限性积液，经穿刺负压引流处理后治愈，随访10个月至2年，无复发病例。结论用Gore—Tex补片开放式完全腹腔内修补治疗巨大腹壁切口疝经济，安全，有效，感染风险降低。     

Nuttall technique: A method for subumbilical incisional hernia repair revised

Background Large ventral incisional hernias are frequently repaired either by open or by laparoscopic mesh technique. The technique recommended by Nuttall has been used for the repair of large subumbilical incisional hernias but has not been popularized. Materials and methods From 1991 to 2005, 21 patients, mean age 64.6 ± 13 (44–86) years, underwent repair of large subumbilical incisional hernia with the Nuttall technique by which the rectus muscles are detached from the symphysis pubis and transposed to the opposite side. The exerted tension is minimal to the underlying tissues, and no prosthetic material is required to reinforce the abdominal wall. Results Morbidity was recorded in five patients (23.8%). The median follow-up time was 84 months, and the recurrence rate was 4.8% (one patient). Conclusions Although a small number of patients have undergone repair with the Nuttall technique, the long-term results of the method seem to be encouraging for the repair of large subumbulical incisional hernias.     

Recurrence after incisional hernia repair: Results and risk factors

A relatively low success rate in recurrent incisional hernia repair has prompted us to review the effects of certain risk factors on the long-term outcome of our cases. In this study, 109 recurrent incisional hernias were repaired and reviewed between 7 and 92 months after the operation. The recurrence rate was 45.0%. Many conditions that have been implicated as causal factors in the occurrence of incisional hernias were not found to be associated with recurrence after repair. However, chronic constipation was determined to be the most prominent risk factor associated with late recurrence.     

Laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair: A more effective alternative to conventional repair of recurrent incisional hernia

Conventional repair of recurrent ventral incisional hernia is associated with a higher recurrence rate (30%-50%) than repair of primary incisional hernia (11%-20%). Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair (LIHR) can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of primary hernia to less than 5%. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of repairing recurrent incisional hernia laparoscopically. One-hundred and seventy consecutive patients undergoing LIHR between January 1995 and December 2002 were prospectively reviewed. Patients with recurrent incisional hernia (n = 69) were compared to patients with primary incisional hernia (n = 101). Patient demographics and perioperative and postoperative data were recorded prospectively. Follow-up was obtained from office visits and telephone interviews. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test and the x ²test. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation. The patients with recurrent incisional hernia had a mean of 1.9 ± 1.3 previous repairs, higher body mass index (BMI) (34 ± 6 kg/m² vs. 33 ± 8 kg/m², P = 0.46), larger defect size (123 ± 115 cm² vs. 101 ± 108 cm², P = 0.06), and longer operative time (119 ± 61 minutes vs. 109 ± 44 minutes, P= 0.11). The complication rate was higher in the recurrent group (28% vs. 11%, P = 0.01), but the recurrence rate was not different (7% vs. 5%, P= 0.53). The mean time to recurrence was significantly shorter in the recurrent group (3 ± 2 months vs. 14 ± 7 months, P < 0.0001). The mean follow-up interval was 19 ± 18 months in the recurrent group and 27 ± 20 months in the primary group. Although laparoscopic repair of recurrent incisional hernia resulted in a higher recurrence and complication rate than laparoscopic repair of primary incisional hernia, the rates were lower than those reported for conventional repair of recurrent incisional hernia. Laparoscopic repair of recurrent incisional hernia is an effective alternative to conventional repair. Supported in part by Tyco/US Surgical Corporation through an educational grant to the University of Kentucky Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery.     

肝细胞癌患者肝切除术后严重并发症列线图风险预测模型的建立与评价

背景与目的:肝切除术后并发症的发生率较高,早期筛查术后严重并发症发生的高风险人群对于降低术后严重并发症的发生率具有重要意义.本研究通过分析肝细胞癌患者术后严重并发症发生的危险因素,建立术后严重并发症发生的个体化列线图风险预测模型,以期为肝细胞癌患者围术期管理的优化提供参考依据.方法:回顾性分析广西医科大学第一附属医院肝...