基于CiteSpace对近10年脑出血信号通路研究进展的可视化分析

目的 通过对脑出血信号通路相关研究进行文献计量学统计及可视化分析,探讨近10年该领域的研究热点和发展趋势。方法 基于Web of Science核心合集Science Citation Index Expanded数据库,利用CiteSpace分析软件对近10年发表的文章进行文献计量学统计及可视化分析。结果 通过对796篇脑出血信号通路领域文献进行可视化分析显示,该领域发文量呈逐年上涨趋势,中国是发文量最多的国家,发文量最多的机构为洛马林达大学,资助该领域最多的基金资助机构是中国国家自然科学基金委员会,关键词分析结果显示研究热点方向集中在炎症反应、氧化应激反应、miRNA基因表达、核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2信号通路、脂质信号分子鞘氨醇-1-磷酸及头针治疗等。结论 应用CiteSpace可视化分析方法可直观的展示出脑出血相关信号通路的研究热点和趋势,为脑出血的治疗和预防打开新的窗口。     

国内外卒中患者照顾者领域研究热点与前沿可视化分析

目的 以文献计量学为基础,应用CiteSpace软件对国内外卒中患者照顾者领域研究现状及热点问题进行分析,为深入开展该领域的研究提供参考。方法 在中国知网和Web of Science数据库中检索从建库至2021年12月31日卒中患者照顾者领域的中英文文献,文献类型包括论著、综述、学位论文、会议论文。去除重复文献后,从发文量、作者、机构、国家、关键词等方面进行文献计量学分析。结果 共纳入1298篇中文文献（中国知网）,1763篇英文文献（Web of Science）。对于卒中患者照顾者的研究,中英文文献发表均整体呈逐年上升趋势,中国知网数据库中,发文量从2002年的4篇增至2021年的164篇;郑州大学张振香是发文量最多（48篇）的作者,郑州大学护理与健康学院（50篇）是该领域发文量最多的机构;除主题词外,“影响因素”“照顾能力”“照顾负担”“抑郁”“焦虑”“自我感受负担”等为高频关键词。在Web of Science数据库中,发文量从2009年的103篇增至2021年的201篇;美国发文量最多（565篇）,约翰霍普金斯医学院的Roth在作者中发文量最多,Univ Toronto(5...     

基于CiteSpace的近五年国内外创伤后应激障碍研究可视化分析

目的 了解近五年国内外创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的研究现状,了解该领域研究的前沿和热点。方法 检索Web of Science和中国知网（CNKI）数据库,检索时限为2017年1月1日-2021年12月31日。运用Excel和CiteSpace对纳入的8 505篇文献的数量、作者、国家、机构和关键词等进行可视化分析。结果 (1)近五年,国内外PTSD相关文献发文量均呈增长趋势;(2)国外文献中,发文数量排名前5位的国家分别为美国、英国、中国、澳大利亚和加拿大,其中加拿大中心性最高（0.18）;(3)国内外研究机构均以高校为主;(4)国外文献发文量前三位的学者是Bryant RA、Ressler KJ、Greenberg N,国内前三位分别为伍新春、李越峰、严兴科和张桂青（二者并列）,与国外作者相比,我国学者发文量总体较少;(5)研究关键词方面,国内外关注均较多的是PTSD和抑郁。结论 近五年,PTSD一直是国内外研究的热点,国内外研究均关注PTSD与抑郁症。加强国际交流,有助于推动PTSD相关研究的进步。     

超重或肥胖者执行功能研究的可视化分析

目的 了解超重或肥胖与执行功能的研究现状与发展趋势,把握当前该领域研究热点。方法 以Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的、发表于2010年-2021年的1 321篇以“超重或肥胖与执行功能”为主题的文献为分析对象,采用CiteSpace与VOSviewer绘制知识图谱,通过发文量、研究国家和地区、研究机构以及关键词的共现、聚类和突现进行可视化分析。结果 ①发文量增长趋势方面,2010年-2021年,超重或肥胖与执行功能研究的发文状况分为三个阶段,2010年-2014年、2017年-2021年这两个阶段发文量快速增长,2014年-2017年发文量增长较平缓;②参与研究的国家和地区方面,共有64个国家和地区参与该领域的研究,其中美国的发文量最多,与其他国家和地区的合作交流最频繁、影响力最大,居该研究领域核心地位;③研究机构方面,共有1 627所机构参与该领域的研究,其中伊利诺伊大学（Illinois University）发文量最多且与多所高产机构合作紧密,形成了具有一定规模的研究团体;④关键词分析方面,研究内容主要涉及饮食行为研究、预防与干预研究、风险因素评估以及不同群体特征分析。结论 超重或肥胖与执行功能研究整体呈快速发展态势,国际关注度高且研究范围广泛。     

基于文献计量学分析缺血性脑血管病预后的基因组学研究

目的 分析2017—2022年缺血性脑血管病（ischemiccerebrovasculardisease,ICVD）预后的基因组学研究现状、研究热点及前沿领域。方法 在WebofScience核心合集（SCI-EXPANDED）中检索2017年1月1日—2022年10月1日ICVD预后的基因组学相关文献。使用CiteSpace软件分析文献中发文国家、机构、作者间的合作网络;参考文献、参考文献第一作者、期刊的共被引网络;参考文献的聚类结果;关键词的共现网络及其聚类结果,并使用可视化图谱呈现结果。结果 共纳入353篇文献。中国发文144篇,居全球首位,但仅与5个国家建立了合作关系。首都医科大学是发文最多的机构,共20篇。国际卒中遗传学联盟成员在发文量前10位的作者中占据6位,是发文的主力军并形成了主要的合作团簇。研究方法多使用全基因组关联分析和孟德尔随机化。近年来的研究热点是探究卒中预后与其他复杂疾病的共同遗传通路、影响抗血小板药物疗效的遗传变异,以及炎症机制在预后中的影响。结论 ICVD预后的基因组学研究热度逐年上升,已形成多个研究热点,主要探索相关潜在机制来推动新药研发。     

2010～2020年中医药治疗抑郁症的文献计量分析

目的 对2010～2020年中文期刊发表的中医药治疗抑郁症的临床研究文献进行分析,探索研究规律以指导未来临床研究方向。方法 采用文献计量学方法对2010～2020年中文期刊发表的中医药治疗抑郁症的文献进行计量分析,以年度论文发表量、期刊载文量及被引频次、发文机构发文情况、研究热点及基金资助等为指标进行统计分析。结果 近11年内年平均发文量81篇,从计量分析上看2010～2015年,中医药治疗抑郁症的文章数量呈现逐渐增长态势;2015～2020年逐渐下降,且核心期刊占比较低。结论 今后的研究应通过“分子网络-药理活性-病证效应”多层次整合来阐释中药方剂临床疗效的产生机制,以期为中医药治疗抑郁症提供高质量的循证医学证据。     

2021年恶性肿瘤脑转移研究现状和热点分析——基于CiteSpace可视化文献计量学研究

目的 利用文献计量学方法分析2021年恶性肿瘤脑转移的研究现状和热点。方法 以Web of Science核心合集为数据来源,结合CiteSpace 软件的可视化功能,采用文献计量学方法对2021年恶性肿瘤脑转移相关研究文献的期刊、作者、机构、国家/地区、文献共被引和关键词进行分析。结果 1 153篇文献涉及到的期刊中JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY共被引频次最高;各作者的发文量没有明显差异;发文量最高的机构是哈佛大学医学院;发文量最多的国家是美国,其次是中国;涉及的研究方向包括：预防性脑照射、免疫治疗、靶向治疗、影像组学、人工智能、循环肿瘤DNA监测、姑息治疗和纳米颗粒。结论 2021年与放疗结合的联合治疗模式是恶性肿瘤脑转移相关研究的热点问题,预防性脑照射中的海马保护和不良反应问题亦受到普遍关注。     

基因组时代卒中遗传学研究的文献计量学及可视化分析

目的 对人类基因组工作草图公布以来卒中遗传学、基因组学领域已发表的论文进行文献计量学研究,分析该领域的研究现状、热点及发展趋势。方法 以一代测序（2000—2007年）、全基因组分型芯片（2008—2015年）和二代测序（2016年至今）为代表性技术,将2000年至今划分为3个阶段。在WebofScience核心合集检索脑血管病领域发表的遗传学、基因组学方面的英文文献,对文献的发表时间、地区、研究机构等信息进行汇总,使用VOSviewer 1.6.18进行统计分析并对结果进行可视化。使用H指数评估论文产出数量与论文水平。结果 共纳入8833篇英文文献。美国是卒中遗传学、基因组学领域文献的最主要贡献者,发文量高达3291篇,H指数为182,发文量和H指数在所有国家/地区中均居首位。中国发文1765篇,H指数为66,分别排名第2位和第10位。国际卒中遗传学联盟是该研究领域的重要参与者,联盟和主要负责人的发文量居所有作者的前20名。卒中遗传学、基因组学的研究热点从早期的关联分析和荟萃分析,逐步过渡到近几年兴起的孟德尔随机化研究。结论 在卒中遗传学、基因组学领域,我国虽然起步较晚,但在发文总量...     

钙离子在创伤性脑损伤中的致病机制研究

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是一类常见且严重威胁公众健康的疾病,国内外对TBI发病机制和治疗方面的研究都有了巨大突破。通过对国内外文献研究发现,TBI后所致神经损害包括原发性和继发性损伤两大类机制,而钙离子（Ca²⁺）在TBI继发性损伤中扮演着极其重要的角色。本文围绕Ca²⁺在TBI后继发性损害的致病机制及其治疗展望综述如下。     

基于Web of Science数据库的家庭暴力研究可视化分析

目的 了解家庭暴力这一课题的研究现状与发展历程,把握当前该领域研究热点。方法 以Web of Science核心数据库中的文献为分析对象,利用情报学软件CiteSpace对1966年1月-2021年9月发表的20 417篇家庭暴力相关文献进行梳理,分析文献的数量、作者、研究机构和关键词。结果 (1)2015年以后,关于家庭暴力的文献发表数量增长迅速;(2)在作者中,Kelsey Hegarty、Gene Feder等人的发文数量最多,作者之间的合作形成了部分小型合作团体和具有一定规模的科研团体;(3)科研机构之间的合作紧密,发表论文数最多的机构是北卡罗莱纳大学,中心性最强的机构是波士顿大学;(4)热点关键词一直在发展变化,当前的热点主要是约会暴力、性暴力以及家庭成员对家庭暴力的感知和实施等。结论 家庭暴力领域研究人员众多且研究范围广泛,并诞生了许多新兴研究热点。     

Mapping the current trends and hotspots of vascular cognitive impairment from 2000–2021: A bibliometric analysis

Aims

To visualize the trends and hotspots in the scientific research related to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) quantitatively and qualitatively.

Methods

Cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of publications that related to VCI was conducted. Publications were found by searching in the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) – Edition: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) from January 2000 to December 2021. Publication type was restricted to article and review in the English language. The downloaded data were screened and analyzed in January 2022.

Results

In total, 16,264 publications were identified, with a steady increase in annual publications. The United States was the leading country in VCI research regarding publication numbers and national influence. National Institute of Aging had the highest influence among all the institutes in the field of VCI. Philip Scheltens was the most active author. The top five active authors' publications focused on pathobiology, neuroimaging standards, risk factors, prevention, and the standard diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD). A co-cited publication clustering resulted in 19 main clusters, and the prevention, blood–brain barrier, cholesterol, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and VaD were the top 5 clusters. Moreover, burst keywords detection revealed that the “small vessel disease” is the current hotspot in the field of VCI.

Conclusions

This bibliometric analysis mapped the overall research structure of VCI and analyzed the current research trends and hotspots for future studies orientation. Neuroimaging, risk factors detection, and pathobiology are the current trends in VCI research. Small vessel disease and its mechanisms are the current hotspots of VCI research.     

Use of nerve conduits for peripheral nerve injury repair A Web of Science-based literature analysis

OBJECTIVE: To identify global research trends in the use of nerve conduits for peripheral nerve injury repair. DATA RETRIEVAL: Numerous basic and clinical studies on nerve conduits for peripheral nerve injury repair were performed between 2002-2011. We performed a bibliometric analysis of the institutions, authors, and hot topics in the field, from the Web of Science, using the key words peripheral nerve and conduit or tube. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed published articles on nerve conduits for peripheral nerve injury repair, indexed in the Web of Science; original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items. Exclusion criteria: articles requiring manual searching or telephone access; documents not published in the public domain; and several corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (a) Annual publication output; (b) publication type; (c) publication by research field; (d) publication by journal; (e) publication by funding agency; (f) publication by author; (g) publication by country and institution; (h) publications by institution in China; (i) most-cited papers. RESULTS: A total of 793 publications on the use of nerve conduits for peripheral nerve injury repair were retrieved from the Web of Science between 2002-2011. The number of publications gradually increased over the 10-year study period. Articles constituted the main type of publication. The most prolific journals were Biomaterials, Microsurgery, and Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. The National Natural Science Foundation of China supported 27 papers, more than any other funding agency. Of the 793 publications, almost half came from American and Chinese authors and institutions. CONCLUSION: Nerve conduits have been studied extensively for peripheral nerve regeneration; however, many problems remain in this field, which are difficult for researchers to reach a consensus.     

Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord injury An 18-year bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science

OBJECTIVE:Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is a promising new approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI),and an increasing number of scientific publications are devoted to this treatment strategy.This bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess global research trends in OEC transplantation for SCI.DATA SOURCE:All of the data in this study originate from the Web of Science maintained by the Institute for Scientific Information,USA,and includes SCI-EXPANDED,SSCI,A&HCI,CPCI-S,CPCI-SSH,BKCI-S,BKCI-SSH,CCR-EXPANDED and IC.The Institute for Scientific Information’s Web of Science was searched using the keywords "olfactory ensheathing cells" or "OECs" or "olfactory ensheathing glia" or "OEG" or "olfactory ensheathing glial cells" or "OEGs" and "spinal cord injury" or "SCI" or "spinal injury" or "spinal transection" for literature published from January 1898 to May 2012.DATA SELECTION:Original articles,reviews,proceedings papers and meeting abstracts,book chapters and editorial materials on OEC transplantation for SCI were included.Simultaneously,unpublished literature and literature for which manual information retrieval was required were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:All selected literatures addressing OEC transplantation for SCI were evaluated in the following aspects:publication year,document type,language,author,institution,times cited,Web of Science category,core source title,countries/territories and funding agency.RESULTS:In the Web of Science published by the Institute for Scientific Information,the earliest literature record was in April,1995.Four hundred and fourteen publications addressing OEC transplantation for SCI were added to the data library in the past 18 years,with an annually increasing trend.Of 415 records,405 publications were in English.Two hundred and fifty-nine articles ranked first in the distribution of document type,followed by 141 reviews.Thirty articles and 20 reviews,cited more than 55 times by the date the publication data were downloaded by us,can be regarded as the most classical references.The journal Experimental Neurology published the most literature (32 records),followed by Glia.The United States had the most literature,followed by China.In addition,Yale University was the most productive institution in the world,while The Second Military Medical University contributed the most in China.The journal Experimental Neurology published the most OEC transplantation literature in the United States,while Neural Regeneration Research published the most in China.CONCLUSION:This analysis provides insight into the current state and trends in OEC transplantation for SCI research.Furthermore,we anticipate that this analysis will help encourage international cooperation and teamwork on OEC transplantation for SCI to facilitate the development of more effective treatments for SCI.     

Survey of spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder studies using the Web of Science

OBJECTIVE:To identify global trends in research on spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder, through a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL:We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder using the Web of Science.Data retrieval was performed using key words"spinal cord injury","spinal injury","neurogenic bladder","neuropathic bladder","neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","neurogenic voiding dysfunction","neurogenic urination disorder"and "neurogenic vesicourethral dysfunction". SELECTION CRITERIA:Inclusion criteria:(a)published peer-reviewed articles on spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder indexed in the Web of Science;(b)type of articles:original research articles and reviews;(c)year of publication:no limitation.Exclusion criteria:(a)articles that required manual searching or telephone access;(b)Corrected papers and book chapters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:(1)Annual publication output;(2)distribution according to journals; (3)distribution according to subject areas;(4)distribution according to country;(5)distribution according to institution;and(6)top cited publications. RESULTS:There were 646 research articles addressing spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder in the Web of Science.Research on spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder was found in the Science Citation Index-Expanded as of 1946.The United States,Ireland and Switzerland were the three major countries contributing to studies in spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder in the 1970s.However,in the 1990s,the United States,the United Kingdom,the Netherlands,Germany and Japan published more papers on spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder than Switzerland,and Ireland fell off the top ten countries list.In this century,the United States ranks first in spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder studies,followed by France,the United Kingdom,Germany,Switzerland and Japan.Subject categories including urology, nephrology and clinical neurology,as well as rehabilitation,are represented in spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder studies. CONCLUSION:From our analysis of the literature and research trends,we conclude that spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder is a hot topic that will continue to generate considerable research interest in the future.     

Stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy A Web of Science-based literature analysis

OBJECTIVE: To identify global research trends in stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL: We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy from 2002 to 2011 retrieved from Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria: (a) peer-reviewed published articles on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy indexed in Web of Science; (b) original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items; and (c) publication between 2002 and 2011. Exclusion criteria: (a) articles that required manual searching or telephone access; (b) documents that were not published in the public domain; and (c) corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Annual publication output; (2) distribution according to subject areas; (3) distribution according to journals; (4) distribution according to country; (5) distribution according to institution; (6) distribution according to institution in China; (7) distribution according to institution that cooperated with Chinese institutions; (8) top-cited articles from 2002 to 2006; (9) top-cited articles from 2007 to 2011. RESULTS: A total of 318 publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were retrieved from Web of Science from 2002 to 2011, of which almost half derived from American authors and institutes. The number of publications has gradually increased over the past 10 years. Most papers appeared in journals with a focus on gene and molecular research, such as Molecular Therapy, Neuromuscular Disorders, and PLoS One. The 10 most-cited papers from 2002 to 2006 were mostly about different kinds of stem cell transplantation for muscle regeneration, while the 10 most-cited papers from 2007 to 2011 were mostly about new techniques of stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. CONCLUSION: The publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were relatively few. It also needs more research to confirm that stem cell therapy is a reliable treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.     

The utilization of small non-mammals in traumatic brain injury research: A systematic review

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has complicated underlying pathophysiology. Numerous TBI animal models have been developed over the past decade to effectively mimic the human TBI pathophysiology. These models are of mostly mammalian origin including rodents and non-human primates. However, the mammalian models demanded higher costs and have lower throughput often limiting the progress in TBI research. Thus, this systematic review aims to discuss the potential benefits of non-mammalian TBI models in terms of their face validity in resembling human TBI. Three databases were searched as follows: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, for original articles relating to non-mammalian TBI models, published between January 2010 and December 2019. A total of 29 articles were selected based on PRISMA model for critical appraisal. Zebrafish, both larvae and adult, was found to be the most utilized non-mammalian TBI model in the current literature, followed by the fruit fly and roundworm. In conclusion, non-mammalian TBI models have advantages over mammalian models especially for rapid, cost-effective, and reproducible screening of effective treatment strategies and provide an opportunity to expedite the advancement of TBI research.     

Use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction in the last 10 years A Scopus-based literature analysis

OBJECTIVE: To identify global research trends in the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction. DATA RETRIEVAL: We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction published during 2002-2011, retrieved from Scopus, using the Key Words of acupuncture and cerebral infarction or ischemic stroke. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed articles on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction indexed in Scopus and published between 2002 and 2011; types of publications were original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items. Exclusion criteria: articles that required manual searching or telephone access; documents that were not published in the public domain; and corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (a) Annual publication output; (b) language of publication; (c) type of publication; (d) key words of publication; (e) publication by research field; (f) publication by journal; (g) publication by country and institution; (h) publication by author; (i) most-cited papers between 2002 and 2006; and (j) most-cited papers between 2007 and 2011. RESULTS: A total of 160 publications on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction from 2002-2011 were retrieved from Scopus. The number of publications increased gradually over the 10-year study period; most were written in Chinese or English. Articles and reviews constituted the major types. The most frequent key word used was acupuncture. The most prolific journals in this area were Zhongguo Zhen Jiu and the Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation. Of the 160 publications retrieved, half came from Chinese authors and institutions. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the most prolific research institute. Two papers were cited 30 times; they were published in 2002 and 2009, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the field of neuroscience, there is little literature on acupuncture for cerebral infarction. The most-cited papers were cited 30 times in the past 3 years. We believe that, with advances in the study of mechanisms in neurobiology, research on acupuncture will also advance and will become the concern of more scholars.     

Vagal Nerve Stimulation: A Bibliometric Analysis of Current Research Trends

BackgroundVagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has become established as an effective tool for the management of various neurologic disorders. Consequently, a growing number of VNS studies have been published over the past four decades. This study presents a bibliometric analysis investigating the current trends in VNS literature.Materials and MethodsUsing the Web of Science collection data base, a search was performed to identify literature that discussed applications of VNS from 2000 to 2021. Analysis and visualization of the included literature were completed with VOSviewer.ResultsA total of 2895 publications were identified. The number of articles published in this area has increased over the past two decades, with the most citations (7098) occurring in 2021 and the most publications (270) in 2020. The h-index, i-10, and i-100 were 97, 994, and 91, respectively, with 17.0 citations per publication on average. The highest-producing country and institution of VNS literature were the United States and the University of Texas, respectively. The most productive journal was Epilepsia. Epilepsy was the predominant focus of VNS research, with the keyword “epilepsy” having the greatest total link strength (749) in the keyword analysis. The keyword analysis also revealed two major avenues of VNS research: 1) the mechanisms by which VNS modulates neural circuitry, and 2) therapeutic applications of VNS in a variety of diseases beyond neurology. It also showed a significant prevalence of noninvasive VNS research. Although epilepsy research appears more linked to implanted VNS, headache and depression specialists were more closely associated with noninvasive VNS.ConclusionVNS may serve as a promising intervention for rehabilitation beyond neurologic applications, with an expanding base of literature over the past two decades. Although epilepsy researchers have produced most current literature, other fields have begun to explore VNS as a potential treatment, likely owing to the rise of noninvasive forms of VNS.