腹部无辅助切口经阴道取标本的全腹腔镜全胃切除术（GC-NOSES Ⅷ式）（附视频）

胃癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,腹腔镜胃癌根治术已成为治疗胃癌的重要手段。腹腔镜胃癌根治术经历了从腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术到全腹腔镜胃癌根治术的发展过程,进一步降低了手术创伤,加快了术后恢复,目前腹腔镜胃癌手术已能达到与开腹手术相同的D2淋巴结清扫水平,消化道的重建亦能在腹腔镜下完成（即全腹腔镜胃癌手术）。进一步推动胃癌手术的微创化是当前的关注焦点,经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）作为一种新兴的微创手术方式,具有创伤小、操作性好及可行性强等优势,已越来越多地应用于胃、结直肠肿瘤等患者中。本手术为NOSES在根治性全胃切除术中的临床应用。     

机器人腹部无切口直肠癌前切除术

目的经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）可避免腹部切口,具有美观、术后恢复快的优势。本中心采用NOSES术式,创新性地开展了机器人无切口直肠癌前切除术。 方法本研究纳入2013年10月至2015年12月期间共19例早期完成该手术的患者,分析其临床病理特征,围手术期相关结果及术后随访资料。 结果所有手术均成功实施,术后恢复良好,均顺利出院。随访期间,未发生严重腹、盆腔感染;无明显排尿困难、性功能障碍和排便失禁;肿瘤学结果较好。 结论结果证实,机器人腹部无切口直肠癌前切除术安全、可行,但其远期结果评估需增加样本量,并行进一步随访。     

机器人结直肠癌NOSES的应用现状及体会

随着达芬奇“机器人”在我国各大医院装机数的不断增加,以及国产机器人的投入使用,“机器人”在结直肠癌手术中应用逐渐增多,与腹腔镜手术相比,机器人结直肠癌手术在降低术中中转开腹、减少术后并发症发生率以及改善术后泌尿生殖功能等方面具有一定的优势。2015年王锡山教授系统提出NOSES理念,随着理论体系的不断完善,以及NOSES技术不断推广,已在国内外引起广泛关注。创新的技术平台联合创新的微创技术在给患者带来最大获益的同时也面临着一些争议。笔者将对“机器人”在结直肠癌NOSES的应用现状进行粗浅评价并结合本团队开展的“机器人”结直肠癌NOSES体会作一分享。     

Laparoscopic resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis without abdominal incisions

AIM:To assess laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through transanal resection without abdominal incisions.METHODS:From March 2010 to June 2014, 30 patients(14 men and 16 women, aged 36-78 years, mean age 59.8 years) underwent laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through anus-preserving transanal resection.The tumors were 5-7 cm away from the anal margin in 24 cases, and 4 cm in six cases.In preoperative assessment, there were 21 cases of T1N0M0 and nine of T2N0M0.Through the middle approach, the sigmoid mesentery was freed at the root with an ultrasonic scalpel and the roots of the inferior mesenteric artery and vein were dissected, clamped and cut.Following the total mesorectal excision principle, the rectum was separated until the anorectal ring reached 3-5 cm from the distal end of the tumor.For perineal surgery, a ring incision was made 2 cm above the dentate line, and sharp dissection was performed submucosally towards the superior direction, until the plane of the levator ani muscle, to transect the rectum.The rectum and distal sigmoid colon were removed together from the anus, followed by a telescopic anastomosis between the full thickness of the proximal colon and the mucosa and submucosal tissue of the rectum.RESULTS:For the present cohort of 30 cases,the mean operative time was 178 min,with an average of 13 positive lymph nodes detected.One case of postoperative anastomotic leak was observed,requiring temporary colostomy,which was closed and recovered3 mo later.The postoperative pathology showed T1-T2N0M0 in 19 cases and T2N1M0 in 11 cases.Twelve months after surgery,94.4%patients achieved anal function Kirwan grade 1,indicating that their analfunction returned to normal.The patients were followed up for 1-36 mo,with an average of 23 mo.There was no local recurrence,and 17 patients survived for3years(with a survival rate of 100%).CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through transanal resection without abdominal incisions is safe and feasible.     

腹部弧形切口行乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤切除术45例分析

目的探讨腹部弧形切口行乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤手术治疗中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析齐齐哈尔市第一医院肿瘤外科2014年7月至2016年6月间45例行腹部弧形切口乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤治疗患者的临床资料。 结果45例患者均行腹部弧形切口并顺利完成手术,无副损伤出现,中位术后镇痛时间1.8天,中位排气时间3.2天,中位淋巴结清扫数14枚,中位切口长度11 cm,手术时间、出血量及并发症、住院时间与以往的传统手术相比并无明显增加。 结论腹部弧形切口能够有效完成乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤手术,具有手术切口隐蔽、美观、术后疼痛感轻的优点、符合快速康复外科及美容外科的理念,并且手术操作较简单便于基层医院开展,而手术风险及并发症并未增加。因此腹部弧形切口值得在临床中推广应用。     

达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾癌根治术的疗效及其对护理的影响

目的探讨达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾癌根治术的疗效及其对护理的影响。方法观察9例行达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾癌根治术患者（试验组）与10例行传统开放肾癌根治术患者（对照组）的术中出血量、手术时间、下床活动时间、引流管拔除时间以及术后住院天数等,以及两种手术对护理的影响,再进行比较和统计学分析。结果试验组在术中出血量、引流管拔除时间、下床活动时间、术后住院天数等方面均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜。肾癌根治术是一种创伤小、出血量少和术后恢复快的新医疗方法,能降低护理难度和提高护理的质量与效率。     

Total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: laparoscopic vs robotic surgery

AIM: To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic surgery for middle and low rectal cancer.METHODS: This is a retrospective study on a prospectively collected database containing 111 patients who underwent minimally invasive rectal resection with total mesorectal excision(TME) with curative intent between January 2008 and December 2014(robot, n = 53; laparoscopy, n = 58). The patients all had a diagnosis of middle and low rectal adenocarcinoma with stage?Ⅰ-Ⅲ disease. The median follow-up period was 37.4 mo. Perioperative results, morbidity a pathological data were evaluated and compared. The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were calculated and compared.RESULTS: Patients were comparable in terms of preoperative and demographic parameters. The median surgery time was 192 min for laparoscopic TME(L-TME) and 342 min for robotic TME(R-TME)(P 0.001). There were no differences found in the rates of conversion to open surgery and morbidity. Thepatients who underwent laparoscopic surgery stayed in the hospital two days longer than the robotic group patients(8 d for L-TME and 6 d for R-TME, P 0.001). The pathologic evaluation showed a higher number of harvested lymph nodes in the robotic group(18 for R-TME, 11 for L-TME, P 0.001) and a shorter distal resection margin for laparoscopic patients(1.5 cm for L-TME, 2.5 cm for R-TME, P 0.001). The three-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were similar between groups.CONCLUSION: Both L-TME and R-TME achieved acceptable clinical and oncologic outcomes. The robotic technique showed some advantages in rectal surgery that should be validated by further studies.