食管鳞状细胞癌组织中Prohibitin的表达及其临床意义

目的通过检测Prohibitin在食管鳞癌组织中的表达,探讨Prohibitin与食管鳞状细胞癌的临床病理学参数的相关性,Prohibitin在食管鳞癌发生发展预后中的作用。方法收集2010—2016年新疆医科大学第一附属医院手术切除的食管鳞癌组织样本162例,癌旁远端食管组织样本50例。应用S-P免疫组化方法检测Prohibitin在食管癌及癌旁组织中的表达。结果在食管癌组织Prohibitin阳性表达率为67.9%,明显高于癌旁组织(38.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);食管鳞状细胞癌组织中Prohibitin在性别、不同年龄组、哈萨克族和汉族、淋巴结转移与否、浸润深度及肿瘤大小表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Prohibitin的阳性表达率在食管鳞癌高分化、中分化和低分化食管鳞癌组织中分别为25.0%、56.7%和82.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=35.821,P0.05),表明Prohibitin的表达可能与食管鳞癌分化程度有关,阳性表达率随恶性程度增高而增高。结论 Prohibitin在食管鳞癌组织中高表达,与食管鳞癌组织的不同分化程度相关,在食管鳞状细胞癌的发生和发展中可能起到一定作用,Prohibitin可能对判断食管鳞状细胞癌的恶性程度有一定的评估价值。     

哈萨克族食管癌组织肿瘤修复基因表达及相关性

目的研究2种肿瘤修复基因人O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)与错配修复基因1(hMLH1)在哈萨克族食管癌患者癌组织及其远癌正常组织中的表达及其与病程特征的关系。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应方法(RT-PCR)检测48例哈萨克族食管癌切除标本中MGMT与Hmlh1 mRNA表达水平,并分析两者与临床病理特征的关系。结果 48例食管癌癌组织中,MGMT mRNA表达阳性42例,阳性率为87.5%;正常组织者中34例,阳性率为70.8%,差异有统计学意义(t=3.032,P0.05);hMLH1 mRNA表达阳性38例,阳性率为79.2%,正常组织中23例,阳性率为47.9%,差异有统计学意义(t=4.156,P0.05);MGMT表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分期等关系有统计学意义(P0.05);hMLH1表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、分化程度及肿瘤分期等关系有统计学意义(P0.05);哈萨克族食管癌组织中MGMT与hMLH1表达呈正相关(k=0.560,P0.05)。结论 MGMT与hM-LH1在哈萨克族食管癌的发生、进展、转移等过程中起到一定作用。     

食管鳞癌组织中p57kip2、cyclin D1和PCNA的表达及意义

目的研究p57^kip2在食管鳞癌中的表达及意义，并探讨其与cyclin D1和PCNA在食管鳞癌中表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学检测50例食管鳞癌组织及15例癌旁正常食管上皮组织中p57^kip2、cyclin D1、PCNA的表达；应用流式细胞术对这些组织的DNA含量和细胞周期分布进行分析。结果免疫组织化学：p57^kip2在食管鳞癌中的阳性表达率低于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.01），与癌组织的分化程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）；cyclin D1在食管鳞癌中的阳性表达率高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.01），与癌组织的浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05），与癌组织的分化程度无关（P〉0.05）；PCNA在食管鳞癌中的阳性表达率高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.01），与癌组织的分化程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）。p57^kip2和cyclin D1、p57^kip2和PCNA之间表达负相关（r=-0.429，r=-0.585，P〈0.01）。流式细胞术：与癌旁正常组织相比，癌组织中DNA含量增高，异倍体细胞增加（P〈0.01）；G0/G1期细胞减少，而S期和G2/M期细胞增多，增殖指数（PI）高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.01）。结论p57^kip2低表达与cyclin D1和PCNA高表达可能与食管鳞癌的发生发展有关。     

人乳头状瘤病毒感染与新疆哈萨克族食管癌发生关系的探讨

[目的]探讨人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)在新疆哈萨克族食管癌、癌旁组织及正常食管黏膜组织中的感染情况及感染后意义.[方法]采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测80例食管鳞癌和对应80例癌旁正常鳞状上皮组织及80例正常食管黏膜组织中HPV感染情况,采用χ2检验分析HPV感染与食管癌发生发展的相关性.[结果]80例食管癌组织、癌旁组织及正常食管黏膜组织中HPV感染阳性率分别为42.5%、25%、13.75%.统计学结果显示食管癌组与癌旁正常鳞状上皮组及正常食管黏膜组HPV感染,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.006,P＜0.05).[结论]新疆哈萨克族食管癌组织中存在HPV感染,HPV感染可能与食管癌的发生、发展有关.     

MRE11基因在食管鳞癌中的表达

目的 探讨MRE11mRNA在食管癌组织中表达,并探讨其与肿瘤病理参数的相关性.方法 收集22例明确诊断的食管癌中心组织及其相应癌旁组织,提取总RNA并逆转录成cDNA,采用SBYR Green适时荧光定量方法检测MRE11基因在22例食管鳞癌中心组织及其边缘组织mRNA水平的表达,并分析其与性别、年龄、临床分期、淋巴结转移与否以及肿瘤大小等的相关性.结果 MRE11 mRNA在食管鳞癌组织中的表达显著低于癌旁组织(P=0.006).虽然其表达与年龄、分化程度.有无淋巴结转移以及有无吸烟、饮酒史均无关,但与临床分期和肿瘤生长速度有关,T1和T2期患者的MRE11 mRNA的表达显著低于T3和T4期患者(P=0.000),肿瘤生长较慢的患者MRE11 mRNA的表达也低于生长较快的患者(P=0.012).结论 MRE11的表达在食管鳞癌组织中的表达受到抑制可能为食管鳞癌发生的分子机制;且MRE11在较低的临床分期和生长速度较慢的食管鳞癌中表达低于较高的临床分期和生长速度较快的食管鳞癌中表达,MRE11可能在食管鳞癌的发生发展过程具有重要意义.     

VEGF-C和VEGFR-3在食管鳞癌中的表达及意义

[目的]观察血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其受体3(VEGFR-3)在食管癌组织中的表达,探讨其意义。[方法]采用免疫组织化学法检测食管鳞癌和癌旁食管组织中的VEGF-C、VEGFR-3的表达。[结果]食管鳞癌组织中VEGF-C和VEGFR-3表达阳性率分别为70.3%(23/46),76%(23/46),癌旁组织中表达阳性率分别为20%,14%,两者比较差异有统计学意义,P均﹤0.05。VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达与食管癌的淋巴结转移、浸润深度有关,但与肿瘤组织分化程度无关。[结论]VEGF-C、VEGFR-3的表达与食管鳞癌的发展,淋巴结转移有相关性。     

哈萨克族食管癌MMP-1与MMP-7表达及相关性

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶7(MMP-7)基因在哈萨克族食管癌和正常组织的表达及与病理特征关系,分析两者表达的相关性。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法在45例哈萨克族食管癌癌组织及其远端正常组织中检测MMP-1与MMP-7基因的表达。结果在45例食管癌组织中,MMP-1、MMP-7基因的表达阳性率分别为75.56%和73.33%,在远端正常组织的表达阳性率分别为15.56%和31.11%,二者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);MMP-1表达与TNM分期有关,MMP-7表达与TNM分期及淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);MMP-1与MMP-7基因的表达具有正相关性(P<0.05)。结论 MMP-1和MMP-7在哈萨克族食管癌发生发展中起一定作用,两者之间具有协同作用,促进食管癌发病进程。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1受体、血管内皮生长因子C因子在食管鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)、血管内皮生长因子C因子(VEGF-C)在食管鳞癌中的表达及其意义.方法 应用免疫组化法(Envision二步法)检测95例食管鳞癌和40例癌旁组织中IGF-IR、VEGF-C的表达水平,并分析其表达与病理学意义.结果 IGF-1R、VEGF-C在食管鳞癌组织中的检出率分别为81.05%(77/95),67.37%(64/95),在癌旁组织中的阳性检出率分别为20%(8/40),5%(2/40),差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).IGF-1R的阳性表达与食管鳞癌淋巴结转、组织分化程度、浸润深度有关(P＜0.01);VEGF-C的阳性表达与食管鳞癌淋巴结转移、浸润深度有关(P＜0.01),而与分化程度无相关性(P＞0.05).食管鳞癌中IGF-1R与VEGF-C间存在正相关(P＜0.05).结论 IGF-1R、VEGF-C的异常表达在食管鳞癌发生、发展过程中具有重要作用,联合检测IGF-1R和VEGF-C的异常表达对肿瘤恶性程度、治疗及预后判定具有重要意义.     

Caveolin-1mRNA及蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其与Cyclin-D1、P16的相关性研究

目的研究Caveolin-1 m RNA及蛋白在食管癌及癌旁正常食管黏膜中的表达及其意义,进一步探讨Caveolin-1与食管癌组织中细胞周期素-D1(Cyclin-D1)、P16及临床病理学指标的相关性。方法收集食管鳞癌及对应癌旁组织标本90例,分别采用RT-PCR、免疫组化方法检测Caveolin-1 m RNA及蛋白的表达情况,进一步分析Caveolin-1与食管癌组织中Cyclin-D1、P16及临床病理学指标的相关性。结果 Caveolin-1 m RNA及蛋白在食管癌中的表达均高于食管癌旁组织中的表达(P<0.05),且Caveolin-1 m RNA的表达与Cyclin-D1和淋巴结转移有关。结论 Caveolin-1在食管癌中高表达,可能与食管鳞癌的发生、发展以及浸润转移有关。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.