化学发光免疫法检测梅毒特异性抗体结果分析

目的 探讨化学发光法检测梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体的应用价值.方法 应用化学发光免疫测定法检测12503例住院患者梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体,并同ELISA、TPPA、RPR方法进行比较.结果 12503例住院患者化学发光法检出梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体阳性308例,同ELISA方法比较,阳性符合率99.08％,阴性符合率99.98％,总符合率99.93％.二者检测结果高度一致.同TPPA比较,阳性符合率98.7％.结论 化学发光免疫法检测梅毒特异性抗体具有特异性好、灵敏度高、结果易判断、便于自动化等优点,适合于梅毒的筛查.     

化学发光酶免疫分析法在乙肝病毒及核心抗体定性检测中的应用分析

目的 通过对比,探讨了化学发光酶免疫分析法在乙肝病毒及核心抗体定性检测中的应用价值.方法 选取2013年5月至2015年5月在我院的疑似乙型肝炎患者80例,抽取空腹血液样本后都分别进行乙肝病毒以及核心抗体的化学发光酶免疫分析法及ELISA法检测,并对其检测结果进行分析.结果 化学发光酶免疫分析法检出乙型肝炎病毒阳性78例,检出率为97.5％;而ELISA检出乙型肝炎病毒阳性76例,检出率为95.0％,两种方法的检出率对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).化学发光酶免疫分析法对于乙肝病毒核心抗体IgM与IgG的检测阳性率分别为80.0％和70.0％,而ELISA法检测两种抗体的阳性率则分别为18.8％和20.0％,化学发光酶免疫分析法对乙肝核心抗体IgM与IgG的检测阳性率明显高于ELISA法(P＜0.05).ELISA法检出HBc-IgM的最低限为0.135 IU/ml,检出HBc-IgM最低限为0.143 IU/ml;化学发光酶免疫分析法检出HBc-IgM最低限为0.032 IU/ml,检出HBc-IgG最低限为0.038 IU/ml.结论 化学发光酶免疫分析法在乙型肝炎检测中具有高的检出率,尤其对乙肝病毒的核心抗体的检测敏感度较高,值得在临床推广应用.     

酶联免疫吸附试验两步法在HIV抗体检测中的应用

目的探讨酶联免疫吸咐试验（ELISA）双抗原夹心一步法和二步法检测人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体的不同效果。方法采集2005年10月-2008年10月本市中心血站无偿献血者血液标本48463例,用双抗原夹心ELISA一步法和二步法试剂检测,初筛阳性标本,采用免疫印迹法进行确证。结果检测48463份标本,一步法初筛阳性87例,确证阳性4例,假阳性率0．17％;二步法初筛阳性24例,确讧阳性4侧,假阳性率0．05％,两法的假阳性率比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论酶联免疫吸咐试验二步法检测人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体的效果优于一步法,更适合于人类免疫缺陷病毒检测的初筛试验。     

单中心两种方法检测280例群体反应性抗体的对比分析

背景：液态芯片技术(Luminex)检测方法是近年来兴起的检测方法,应用液相芯片技术检测抗群体反应抗体,具有灵敏度高,特异性强,检测干扰少,高通量等优点。目的：比较ELISA和Luminex两种方法对肾脏病患者血清标本中群体反应性抗体的检测差异及灵敏度。方法：选取280例肾脏病患者血清标本,同时应用ELISA和Luminex两种方法检测群体反应性抗体阳性率,并运用配对四格表资料的χ²检验进行统计学分析。结果与结论：ELISA法检测群体反应性抗体阳性率为18.9%,Luminex法检测群体反应性抗体阳性率为33.6%。ELISA法检出抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体和抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性率分别为12.8%和12.5%;Luminex法检出抗HLA-Ⅰ类抗体和抗HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性率分别为25.0%和20.7%。Luminex法的阳性检出率明显高于ELlSA法且Luminex法能准确检测到低浓度抗体。配对四格表资料的χ²检验P < 0.01,显示两种方法检测肾脏病患者群体反应性抗体结果差异有显著性意义。结果显示与ELISA法相比,Luminex技术具有更高的灵敏度和准确性,更适合应用于临床检测。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

传染病四项不同检测方法的临床应用价值对比分析

目的 通过三种方法检测传染病四项,探讨它们在检测传染病四项中的临床应用价值.方法 2014年8月至2014年12月在本院门诊体检人群中随机选取标本480例,采用全自动酶免分析法,胶体金免疫检测法,化学发光免疫分析法分别进行传染病四项的检测,比较分析三种检测方法的结果差异.结果 通过对480例体检者的检测结果进行分析,化学发光法的特异性、敏感性、阳性率和重复性均高于ELISA法和胶体金法,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对三种传染病四项的检测方法的结果进行分析,其中化学发光法极具优势,检测结果阳性率、特异性、敏感性均高于其他两种方法,它的检测结果具有重要价值,对有效治疗方案的提出具有指导意义.     

ELISA方法进行婴幼儿HBsAg弱阳性标本检测的方法学评估

目的 评价ELISA方法在检测婴幼儿HBsAg时的适用性.方法 用弱阳性昆合血清评价ELISA方法测定HBsAg时的精密度;使用经化学发光法定值的混合血清系列稀释,分析ELISA方法测定HBsAg时的检出限;使用添加350μmol/L胆红素或5g/L血红蛋白的系列浓度血清评价该方法的抗干扰能力;收集临床1岁以下患儿化学发光方法检测弱阳性(＜ 5ng/mL)的样品,进行化学发光和ELISA方法的比对,并以化学发光确证试验为参考方法评价ELISA方法的诊断灵敏度、特异性和诊断效能.结果 在弱阳性水平上(1 ng/mL,S/CO=4.97) ELISA方法测定HBsAg的变异系数为18.91％;检出限为0.125ng/mL;350μmol/L胆红素或5g/L血红蛋白对检验结果准确度无显著影响;经比对,ELISA法与化学发光法在小于0.25 ng/mL区间一致率为30.3％,而在大于0.25ng/mL区间一致率达95.6％;以二者一致和化学发光法中和试验为参考方法,ELISA方法的灵敏度为87.14％,阴性预测值为79.07％.结论 ELISA方法尽管分析灵敏度低于化学发光法,然而它在测定婴幼儿弱阳性标本时,分析性能尚可接受,考虑到其方法的易得和低廉的成本,ELISA方法仍不失为一种好的筛查方法.     

酶联免疫法筛查HIV抗体在艾滋病诊断中的应用价值

目的 对比在艾滋病检验中HIV抗体ELISA法筛查结果与免疫印迹试验结果,探讨HIV抗体筛查在艾滋病诊断中的临床价值.方法 选取2000年1月-2014年1月于海军总医院门诊或住院部术前或输血前患者79 231例,对所有患者抽血,采用EHSA方法对HIV抗体进行初筛检测,将阳性标本进行ELISA复核检测及免疫印迹试验确证,记录各标本复核结果及确证结果,并利用SPSS软件进行对比分析.结果 初筛结果阳性189例,复核结果双阳性186例,初筛与确证结果符合率为96.77％,其中2例经确证为阴性,4例确证结果为不确定.确证为阳性、阴性及不确定的HIV抗体初筛样本结果S/CO值分别为9.9 ～38(17.02 ±3.19)、1～5.8(5.18 ±0.48)、6～9.9(7.94±2.34).1＜S/CO值＜5.9、6＜S/CO值＜9.9及S/CO值＞9.9的样本确证试验阳性符合率分别为33.33％、85.71％,、98.22％.189例初筛阳性样本确诊结果阳性符合率为95.24％,确证试验共出现11条反应带,出现频率由高到低依次为gp160、gp24、gp120、gp41、p66、p51、p31、p17、p55、p39和p36,前4者出现率为95％以上.结论 通过ELISA方法进行HIV抗体筛查阳性率高,但存在一定的假阳性率,其阳性符合率与S/CO值呈正相关性,虽然高S/CO值不能证明其HIV感染,但它是艾滋病诊断中有效的方法.     

HCV抗体检测试剂对血站HCV抗体初筛试剂的评价

目的 建立对血站献血人员血液中HCV抗体初筛试剂的评价方法，为选择合适匹配的初筛试剂提供依据。方法 用新研制出的抗HCV不同基因功能区抗体检测试剂对两种国产试剂和一种进口试剂的特异性和灵敏度进行考核评价。结果 两种国产试剂之间的特异性和灵敏度均存在一定差异。且总体质量略差于进口试剂。结论 用新研制出的抗HCV不同基因功能区抗体检测试剂可对初筛试剂进行评价，选择合适的初筛试剂匹配对控制献血员的血液质量至关重要。     

血清学方法在检测抗

目的 分析血清学检测方法在抗-HIV中的应用。方法 选取2018年1月~6月我院行HIV抗体检测的血清标本140例,分别采用化学发光免疫法（CLIA）、酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和胶体硒免疫层析法（ICA）三种方法检测,并与WB金标准法比较,观察每种检测方法的阳性率,灵敏度,特异性。结果 CLIA的阳性和阴性（73.61%,89.71%）符合率高于ELISA（70.83%,86.76%）和ICA（66.75%,82.09%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。CLIA的灵敏度、特异性、准确度高于ELISA和ICA,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;CLIA的漏检率、误诊率低于ELISA和ICA,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CLIA的阳性预测值、阴性预测值高于ELISA和ICA,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 CLIA和ELISA的灵敏度、特异性及自动化程度均较高,适用于大批量标本的筛查。ICA的灵敏度和特异性相对较低,但操作简便快捷,对于急诊及小量标本的筛查比较适合。     

肺结核抗体检测联合CRP检测判断HIV合并肺结核杆菌感染的效果研究

目的 分析肺结核抗体检测联合C反应蛋白(CRP)检测判断HIV合并肺结核杆菌感染的应用价值.方法 采用试剂盒对46例HIV合并肺结核杆菌感染患者和40例HIV感染患者进行结合分枝杆菌抗体检测,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),依据ROC曲线确定CRP诊断界点.结果 单纯肺结核抗体检测灵敏度为52.2％ (24/46),特异性为57.5％(23/40).CRP临界点为4.91 mg/L,灵敏度为78.3％(36/46),特异性为57.5％ (23/40).串联检测灵敏度和特异性分别为43.5％ (20/46)和70.0％ (28/40),并联检测灵敏度和特异性分别为87.0％ (40/46)和67.5％ (27/40).结论 肺结核抗体检测串联CRP检测判断HIV合并肺结核杆菌感染的效果更优,具有临床应用价值.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.