碘克沙醇对单支及多支血管病变患者冠状动脉 介入治疗临床预后研究

目的探讨碘克沙醇对单支及多支血管病变患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)及对比剂诱发的急性肾功能损伤(CI-AKI)差异。方法选取自2013年10月至2015年10月中国30个中心入选的3 042例行冠状动脉支架植入术患者为研究对象。根据病变血管支数不同将患者分为单支病变(SV)组(n=2 618)与多支病变(MV)组(n=424)。主要研究终点为PCI术后72 h MACCE[包括靶病变再次血运重建(TLR)、卒中、支架内血栓、心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死(MI)]及CI-AKI,次要终点为PCI后72 h至30 d的MACCE发生情况。记录并比较两组患者终点事件发生率。结果 SV组患者PCI手术时间、水化总体积、碘克沙醇用药时间、碘克沙醇体积低于MV组,术后水化比例、术前及术后均水化比例高于MV组,两组比较比较,差异均有统计意义(P<0.05)。两组患者病变血管、病变分级、术前心肌梗塞溶栓血流比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者主要终点事件比较:SV组MACCE、MI发生率低于MV组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者次要终点比较:SV组TLR发生率、支架内血栓发生率低于MV组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用碘克沙醇行PCI治疗后,MV患者住院期间的MACCE及MI发生率较SV患者增加,CI-AKI发生率无差异;术后72 h至30 d MV患者TLR及支架内血栓风险增加。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后并发上消化道出血32例抗血小板治疗分析

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后并发上消化道出血(UGH)患者的抗血小板治疗调整策略及其安全性与有效性。方法选取PCI术后并发UGH患者32例,回顾性分析其临床资料,对所有患者进行出血严重程度及血栓风险评估,积极行急诊内镜检查及镜下止血治疗,依据临床评估及内镜结果,采取抗血小板治疗调整策略。结果除1例患者临床死亡外,其余31例患者无消化道再次出血;所有患者未发生支架内血栓形成。结论对于PCI术后并发UGH的患者,依据出血严重程度及血栓风险评估和急诊内镜检查治疗结果,采取的个体化抗血小板治疗调整策略是安全有效的。     

冠心病合并糖尿病患者择期行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗应用不同抗凝策略疗效与安全性比较

目的 比较择期行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠心病合并糖尿病患者应用不同抗凝策略的疗效与安全性.方法 回顾性分析北部战区总医院自2016年2月至2017年6月行择期PCI的763例冠心病合并糖尿病患者的临床资料.根据围术期抗凝策略不同,将患者分入比伐芦定组(n=230)和肝素组(n=533).比伐芦定组术前首剂静脉...     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后新发心房颤动影响因素研究

目的 探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后新发心房颤动的影响因素.方法 选取首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院自2018年5月至2020年5月收治的176例PCI术后STEMI患者为研究对象.根据术后有无心房颤动发生,将其分为心房颤动组(n=30)与无心房颤动组(n=146).记录并比...     

替格瑞洛对氯吡格雷中间代谢型非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后影响研究

目的探讨替格瑞洛对氯吡格雷中间代谢型非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的影响。方法选取大连医科大学附属第一医院自2015年12月至2016年9月心内科收治的CYP2C19基因多态性检测为氯吡格雷中间代谢型并接受PCI的NSTE-ACS患者97例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分入A组(n=50)和B组(n=47):A组患者PCI术后接受常规双联抗血小板治疗,即阿司匹林100 mg+氯吡格雷75 mg,每天1次口服;B组患者接受阿司匹林100 mg+替格瑞洛90 mg,每天1次口服。电话、门诊或住院随访患者12个月,比较两组患者的血小板聚集功能和主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率。结果 A组和B组血小板最大聚集率分别为(58.78%±8.46%)和(38.84%±17.00%),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组和B组MACE发生率分别为10.0%(5/50)和6.4%(3/47),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于接受PCI的氯吡格雷中间代谢型NSTE-ACS患者,替格瑞洛对血小板的抑制效果优于氯吡格雷,可替代氯吡格雷。     

根皮素的研究进展

根皮素是天然存在的二氢查尔酮类的植物多酚,主要存在于苹果树的根皮部分。根皮素具有多种生物活性作用,如抗氧化、抗炎症、抗肿瘤、降血糖和免疫调节等。作者结合近年的文献,对根皮素的生物合成途径、制备、生物活性以及药动学研究进行综述,并探讨根皮素临床应用前景。     

低剂量前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在房颤患者冠状动脉CT成像的研究

目的 研究前瞻性心电触发序列扫描在房颤患者冠状动脉CT成像的可行性.方法 前瞻性连续入组94例持续房颤患者,47例患者采用前瞻性心电门控序列扫描,另外47例采用回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描.设备采用第二代双源CT.以冠状动脉段为基础评价图像质量,比较两组的图像质量和辐射剂量.结果 前瞻组可诊断的血管段为99.5％（604/607）,回顾组为97.7％（570/584）,前瞻组显著高于回顾组（P＜0.001）.以患者为基础,前瞻组43例（92％）为可诊断,回顾组29例（62％）为可诊断病例.有效辐射剂量在前瞻和回顾组分别为（4.15±1.78）mSv和（12.15±5.38）mSv,两组之间差异有显著性（P＜0.001）.序列扫描降低辐射剂量66 ％.结论 采用第二代双源CT,前瞻性心电触发序列扫描对于房颤患者冠状动脉CT成像具有可行性,该扫描方案可以显著降低辐射剂量,并保证诊断所需图像质量.     

替格瑞洛用于急性冠脉综合征行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后抗血小板疗效分析

目的观察急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后应用替格瑞洛的临床疗效与安全性。方法随机选取沈阳军区总医院2015年1—3月收治的ACS患者201例,均行PCI治疗,其中,101例接受替格瑞洛治疗,作为研究组(n=101)。选取同期接受氯吡格雷治疗的100例患者作为对照组(n=100)。两组患者术后均给予双联抗血小板治疗,在阿司匹林(100 mg,1次/d)基础上,研究组服用替格瑞洛(90 mg,2次/d),对照组服用氯吡格雷(75 mg,1次/d)。术后12个月,观察两组患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)及不良反应。结果研究组患者MACCE发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者出血发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者呼吸困难发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论替格瑞洛用于ACS患者行PCI术后的抗血小板治疗,临床疗效确切,但有一定出血风险和呼吸困难症状。     

Prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with prior percutaneous coronary intervention

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundAlthough the prognostic value of CCTA has been well studied, its incremental value in patients with previous PCI has not been robustly investigated.MethodsConsecutive patients with previous PCI were prospectively enrolled and CCTA images were evaluated for coronary artery disease (CAD) severity. Patients were followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) which was a composite of cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction. All-cause death was assessed as a secondary endpoint.ResultsA total of 501 patients were analyzed with a mean follow-up time of 59.5 ± 32.0 months and 52 patients (10.4%) experienced MACE. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that CAD severity was a predictor of MACE with 0, 1, 2, and 3 vessel disease having annual rates of 1.3%, 2.2%, 2.2%, and 5.3%, respectively. All-cause death was similar in all categories of CAD.ConclusionsIn patients with previous PCI, CAD severity as measured with CCTA has independent and incremental prognostic value.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗维持性血液透析合并急性冠脉综合征疗效观察

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗维持性血液透析(MHD)合并急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的临床疗效。方法选取2008年1月至2014年7月沈阳军区总医院血液透析科收治的100例MHD合并ACS患者,随机分为介入治疗组50例及对照组50例。介入治疗组行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,术后服用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷行抗血小板治疗;对照组只服用阿司匹林行抗血小板治疗。两组研究终点为1年的患者水平复合终点(Po CE),次要研究终点为患者1年主要出血(TIMI分级)、血栓事件、心脑血管原因再住院次数及心脏超声左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果所有患者均获得1年随访。两组Po CE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);介入治疗组患者因心血管事件再住院率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组主要出血事件及血栓事件比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);介入治疗组LVEF高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮冠状动脉介入治疗MHD合并ACS,可明显改善症状,减少心绞痛发作及因心血管事件再入院次数,提高患者生存质量,且双联抗血小板治疗未增加主要出血的风险。     

冠状动脉疾病患者炎性介质与心房颤动的相关性研究

目的在冠状动脉疾病(coronary artery disease,CAD)患者中检测多种炎性反应因子与心房颤动(atrial fibrilla-tion,AF)的关系。方法本研究横断面调查了2008-2011年入院的所有冠状动脉疾病患者670例,其中32例患者伴有AF。记录患者人口统计学资料,并测量所有研究对象的白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)和纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fg)水平。结果 AF患者和非AF患者的人口统计学资料存在差异,年龄、男性比例、左房容积在AF组中较高(P<0.05)。单因素分析中,IL-6是唯一与AF相关的炎性反应因子(IL-6在AF和非AF的CAD患者中中位水平分别为3.54和2.36 ng/L,P=0.001)。多因素分析同样显示只有IL-6与AF相关(OR 1.75,95%CI:1.32～2.14,P=0.024)。结论在冠状动脉疾病人群中,AF与IL-6水平升高密切相关,而与其他炎性反应因子,包括CRP、TNF-α、MCP-1、Fg不相关。     

替罗非班在急诊PCI患者中应用的疗效和安全性观察

目的观察国产替罗非班在ST段抬高型急性心肌梗（STEMI）患者急诊介入治疗中应用的疗效和安全性。方法符合急性心肌梗死入选标准的患者83例，按时间顺序分为未应用替罗非班组（对照组37例）及急诊室应用替罗非班组（替罗非班组46例）。观察两组患者心电图变化以及出血并发症。结果与对照组相比，替罗非班组术后30分钟ST段回落明显增加（87．0％ vs 64．9％，P〈0．05），出血并发症比对照组有增多趋势，但无统计学差异（6．5％ vs 0％，P〉0．05）。结论替罗非班应用于急诊介入治疗急性心肌梗死是安全有效的。     

Dual-source CT coronary angiography in patients with atrial fibrillation: Comparison with single-source CT

Objective

To evaluate the performance of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) for the visualization of the coronary arteries in a population with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to single-source CT (SSCT) and to explore the impact of patients’ heart rate (HR) on image quality (IQ) and reconstruction timing.

Methods

Thirty consecutive patients (11 male, 19 female; 69.0 ± 9.2 years old) with suspected coronary artery disease and permanent AF were examined on a DSCT scanner (120 kV, 400 mAs/rot, 0.33 s rotation time, 64 × 0.6 mm collimation, pitch 0.20–0.28, Siemens Somatom Definition). Patients were divided into two groups: low and medium HR group (HR ≤ 80 bpm, n = 14) and high HR group (HR > 80 bpm, n = 16). Five of the patients also underwent conventional coronary angiography (CAG). The raw data from both tube detector arrays were reconstructed as DSCT data using a routine algorithm (temporal resolution of 83 ms). The raw data from one tube detector array was reconstructed separately on the same system using a routine single source algorithm (temporal resolution of 83–165 ms) and defined as virtual SSCT data. Image quality was assessed using a four-point grading scale from excellent (1) to non-assessable (4).

Results

IQ of the DSCT data was significantly better than that of the virtual SSCT data (mean score 1.33 ± 0.61 vs. 1.80 ± 1.02; Z = −8.755, P = 0.000). 98.6% of the segments shown in DSCT were diagnostic, compared with 89.9% of the segments in virtual SSCT, χ² = 32.595, P = 0.000. In DSCT group, IQ of low HR group was also better than that of high HR group, although the difference was not as big (mean score 1.25 ± 0.52 vs. 1.38 ± 0.66; Z = −2.227, P = 0.026). The mean HR of low HR group and high HR group were 67.4 ± 8.5 beats per minute (bpm) and 94.2 ± 8.8 bpm (t = −8.499, P = 0.000). The range of the variation of HR was higher in high HR group than in low HR group (mean difference between maximum and minimum HR 79.5 ± 21.0 vs. 49.9 ± 21.1 bpm; t = −3.845, P = 0.001). In 23 (77%) patients optimal IQ was achieved within one phase for all three main arteries. In low HR group, the optimal phase was distributed evenly between diastole and systole; but in high HR group, the optimal phase shifted to systole in most cases (92%). In five cases these results were compared to CAG results to look for the ability to identify stenosis with a diameter reduction of more than 50% of the lumen. With DSCT it was possible to diagnose 20 of 21 stenosis and 48 of 49 non-stenosed vessel segments correctly. With SSCT 19 of 21 stenosis and 45 of 49 non-stenosed vessel segments were diagnosed correctly according to CAG.

Conclusion

Due to its high temporal resolution, DSCT provides images of full diagnostic image quality in patients with AF, which otherwise would be excluded from CT examinations. The number of assessable segments for DSCT is still somewhat less than in non-AF patients, but in opposition to SSCT still valid for routine diagnostic imaging. Patients’ HR had impact on IQ and reconstruction timing.     

冠心病男性患者经皮冠脉介入治疗的预后预测因素

目的　探讨影响男性患者经皮冠脉介入治疗 (PCI)中期预后的危险因素。方法　 10 4例男性冠心病患者入选 ,包括急性心肌梗死 6 1例 ,不稳定性心绞痛 4 3例。随访 (11.9± 8.7)个月。综合患者的人群因素、无创检查、合并症情况和冠状动脉造影情况 ,进行Logistic回归分析。结果　分析提示 ,以重要心脏不良事件为因变量 ,前降支近中段病变是有意义的预测因素 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,相关系数为 2 2 .0 0。其他因素为无意义变量 ,P >0 .0 5。结论　前降支近中段病变是男性急性冠脉综合征患者重要心脏不良事件的预测因素