尺骨截骨延长内固定联合环状韧带成形或重建手术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨尺骨近端Z形截骨延长内固定联合环状韧带成形或重建手术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月我院行尺骨近端Z形截骨延长内固定联合环状韧带成形或重建手术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折28例患儿的临床资料,其中男18例,女10例;平均年龄为7.3岁（2~13岁）,受伤至手术平均时间为5.3个月（1~8个月）。合并轻度桡神经损伤症状者2例。记录并比较手术前后肘关节屈伸、前臂旋转活动范围。采用肘关节Mackay功能评分评价该术式对儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的治疗效果。结果 28例患儿手术时间为（98.4±14.6）min,住院时间为（12.2±2.4）d,平均随访时间为9.6个月（8~15个月）,截骨临床愈合时间为（11.4±2.6）周;2例行环状韧带成形术的患儿,术后1个月复查时发现桡骨头脱位,再次行环状韧带重建术。末次随访Mackay功能评分优17例,良8例,可2例,差1例,优良率为89.3% 。术后未发生伤口感染。患儿术后肘关节屈伸活动范围为120.2°±6.7°,前臂旋前活动度为82.4°±5.3°,前臂旋后活动度为82.2°±5.6°,与术前的76.7°±10.1°、64.7°±10.2°、60.7°±8.7°比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 尺骨近端Z形截骨延长内固定联合环状韧带成形或重建手术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折可获得良好效果,是目前治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折较为合理的手术方式。     

多段截骨矫形髓内固定治疗儿童成骨不全症

 目的 探讨对成骨不全症患儿施行多段截骨矫形髓内固定手术的安全性, 评价其治疗效 果及并发症。 方法2005 年8 月至2010 年8月, 共收治123 例儿童成骨不全症患儿。共160 侧肢体:股 骨119 侧, 胫骨41 侧。男85 例, 女38 例。患儿手术时平均年龄为8 岁3 个月(2 岁1 个月~15 岁7 个 月)。依据修订的Sillence 分型:III型45 例, IV型74 例, 吁型4 例。术前根据畸形程度, 通过术前X 线片 确定截骨点, 术中均行直视下截骨。选用直径及长度适宜的髓内钉, 股骨自大转子, 胫骨自足底插入。股 骨术后行石膏裤、胫骨术后行长腿石膏托固定;术后6 周去石膏, 开始在支具保护下逐渐站立及行走。 123 例患儿均周期性静脉给予帕米膦酸二钠治疗, 给药时间距手术至少间隔2 个月。 结果 123 例患儿 全部获得平均38 个月(13~64 个月)随访。截骨平均术后8 周愈合。患儿父母对手术结果及畸形矫正均 满意, 患儿生活自理能力、活动范围较术前明显改善。14 例患儿因出现Rush 钉偏移接受再次手术, 25 例患儿术后2 年因骨骼生长Rush 钉相对变短而需要更换内固定。 结论 多段截骨矫形髓内固定术是 治疗成骨不全症的有效手术方法, 可以显著矫正畸形、改善活动能力和避免再次骨折;但需要注意髓内 钉移位等并发症, 对生长期儿童需要定期更换内固定。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨复位双钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端关节内粉碎骨折

目的　探讨肱骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折的手术疗效。方法　10例肱骨远端关节内粉碎骨折,采用肘关节后侧正中入路,尺骨鹰嘴截骨;骨折复位后,用重建钢板和 1 /3管型钢板分别放置于肱骨远端的后外侧和内侧固定;尺神经常规前置皮下,术后早期功能锻炼。结果　随访 20 ~61个月,骨折全部愈合,骨折愈合时间10~16周。肘关节平均活动度 110. 0°(95°~140°)。Mayo评分良好 9例,可 1例。一过性尺神经麻痹 1例,术后 1个月恢复,无桡神经损伤病例。结论　采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨、关节面解剖复位、双钢板固定和术后早期功能锻炼的方法治疗肱骨远端粉碎性骨折临床疗效良好。     

手术治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折未行环状韧带重建的临床观察

[目的]观察探讨仅切开复位、尺骨截骨矫形外固定不行环状韧带重建治疗陈旧性孟氏骨折的临床疗效。[方法]本组16例平均年龄6.5岁(3岁6个月~12岁3个月),BadoⅠ型15例,BadoⅢ1例,病程平均为7.8个月(1个月~3年)。5例患儿伴有桡神经深支损伤。所有患儿均仅行了切开复位、尺骨截骨矫形外固定,平均随访18.5个月(12~38个月)。[结果]所有患者得到随访,其中12例患儿肘关节功能完全恢复。3例出现延迟愈合,有1例出现脱位复发,二期再次手术治疗。屈伸弧度从术前平均的100°提高到术后的132°,旋转弧度从术前176°提高到165°。按照Kim评分系统[1],其中12例为优、3例良好、1例差。5例伴有桡神经深支症状的患儿在术后12个月之内得到完全恢复。[结论]应用切开复位、尺骨截骨矫形外固定而不行环状韧带重建治疗陈旧性孟氏骨折减少了手术步骤,具有相对减少了手术时间、效果好、创伤小等优点,是治疗陈旧性孟氏骨折的有效方法。     

双柱理论在骨质疏松性C型肱骨远端骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨应用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双柱固定方法治疗骨质疏松性肱骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法对31例肱骨远端C型骨折患者（C1型11例，C2型14例，C3型6例）进行治疗，采用肘后侧正中切口与尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路，应用重建钢板固定以稳定肱骨远端的内、外侧柱，与三角形底边的肱骨远端相固定，形成稳定的三角形框架结构。除1例同时伴有鹰嘴部位骨折骨缺损与肘关节脱位，固定与植骨术后石膏固定3周，其余患者术后2d在CPM帮助下进行被动关节功能操练，4周后逐渐进行抗阻力功能操练。结果29例患者获得6—38个月（平均12．5个月）随访，骨折愈合时间2．5—5．3个月，平均3．5个月。患者肘关节经功能操练后平均活动范围：屈曲130°±16°，伸25°±4°，前臂旋前70°±6°，旋后65°±10°。按照Mayo Clinic肘关节功能评分标准：优10例，良12例，可5例，差2例，优良率为75．9％。结论利用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路与重建双柱稳定的方法对肱骨远端的骨质疏松性C型骨折进行坚强固定，术后可早期进行功能操练，有利于肘关节功能的恢复，疗效满意。     

鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折

目的：探讨尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路应用肱骨内、外髁双钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法：2001年6月至2007年3月采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合肱骨内、外髁双钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折38例,男24例,女14例;年龄19～48岁,平均37岁;全部病例均为闭合性骨折。根据A0肱骨髁间骨折分型：C1型12例,C2型20例,C3型6例。受伤至手术时间6h～14d,平均7d。结果：38例患者均获得随访,时间5个月～2年,平均12个月。1例切口愈合欠佳,经换药治疗后愈合。骨折均已愈合,无骨不连发生,无内固定松动及断裂。愈合时间12-22周,平均15周。根据改良的Cassebaum评价标准评价肘关节功能：优15例,良17例,可5例,差1例。结论：经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路显露骨折充分,肱骨内、外髁双钢板固定肱骨髁间骨折牢固可靠,早期功能锻炼是提高疗效的关键因素。     

解剖型钢板内固定结合CPM治疗肱骨髁间骨折

目的 探讨尺骨鹰嘴截骨人路,解剖型钢板内固定结合CPM治疗肱骨髁间骨折的疗效.方法采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,解剖型钢板内固定肱骨髁间骨折,术后配合CPM训练.结果随访5～24个月,平均11个月.骨折愈合时间3～5个月,肘关节功能按Cassebaum评定:优14例,良8例,可4例,差1例,优良率81.5％.结论解剖型钢板对肱...     

解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨应用解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗C型肱骨远端骨折的疗效。方法肱骨远端C型骨折28例,按AO/ASIF分类:C1型10例,C2型15例,C3型3例;均采用采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,解剖型锁定钢板内固定。受伤至手术时间平均5.8 d(2 h~10 d)。结果术后28例均获随访,平均20(2~30)月。骨折愈合时间平均3.5(2~10)个月。根据Cassebaum评分系统评定肘关节功能:优10例,良12例,可5例,差1例,优良率为78.6%,结论采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,早期切开解剖复位、解剖型钢板内固定及早期有计划地康复训练治疗肱骨远端骨折,复位良好,固定可靠,能最大限度地恢复肘关节功能。     

鹰嘴截骨双钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间C型骨折37例

目的探讨肱骨髁间C型骨折治疗的手术方法及临床疗效。方法37例肱骨髁间C型骨折采用尺骨鹰嘴V型截骨双钢板内固定术。结果所有患者随访4-24个月,平均随访15个月。骨折愈合时间2-5个月,平均愈合时间3个月。按照Aitken和Rorabeek标准评定,优25例,良8例,可4例,优良率为89%。结论经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定是治疗肱骨髁间骨折的理想手术方式。     

尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合双钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合双钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合双钢板内固定治疗23例肱骨远端C型骨折患者。结果 23例均获得随访,时间8~16个月。骨折愈合时间6~12个月。无骨不连、骨化性肌炎、迟发性尺神经炎、内固定失效等并发症。肘关节功能按Aitken-Rorabeck评分标准评定:优10例,良9例,可4例。结论经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合双钢板内固定具有固定可靠、可早期功能锻炼等优点,适用于治疗肱骨远端C型骨折。     

Missed Monteggia fracture in children: Is annular ligament reconstruction always required?

Background:

Chronic (neglected) radiocapitellar joint dislocation is one of the feared complications of Monteggia fractures especially when associated with subtle fracture of the ulna bone. Many treatment strategies have been described to manage chronic Monteggia fracture and the need for annular ligament reconstruction is not always clear. The purpose of this study is to highlight the management of missed Monteggia fracture with particular emphasis on utility of annular ligament reconstruction by comparing the two groups of patients.

Materials and Methods:

In a prospective study 12 patients with mean age of 7.4 years, who presented with neglected Monteggia fractures, were studied. All children underwent open reduction of the radiocapitellar joint. Five children (Group A) were treated with angulation-distraction osteotomy of ulna and annular ligament reconstruction and six cases (Group B) required only angulation-distraction osteotomy of ulna without ligament reconstruction. In one case an open reduction of the radiocapitellar joint was sufficient to reduce the radial head and this was included in Group B. The gap between injury and presentation was from 3 months to 18 months (mean 9 months). Ten patients were classified as Bado I, and one each as Bado II and III respectively. We used the Kim''s criteria to score our results.

Result:

The mean follow-up period was 22 months. All ulna osteotomies healed uneventfully. The mean loss of pronation was 15 degree in Group A and 10 degree in Group B. Elbow flexion improved from the preoperative range and no child complained of pain, deformity and restriction of activity. The elbow score was excellent in 10 cases, and good in two cases.

Conclusion:

Distraction-angulation osteotomy of the ulna suffices in most cases of missed monteggia fracture and the need for annular ligament reconstruction is based on intraoperative findings of radial head instability.     

应用双球关节外固定架治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折的初步报告

目的 探讨尺骨截骨后、应用舣球关节外固定架治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折的临床疗效.方法 2004年6月至2006年6月,采用双球关节外固定架治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折7例,平均年龄7.9岁,伤后至手术时间1～30个月(平均11.7个月).患者X线片示桡骨均存在过度增长、尺骨向掌侧甚至桡侧成角畸形.经肘前Henry入路肱桡关节切开、瘢痕清理,尺骨嵴近端矢状面30°斜形截骨、Orthofix双球关节外同定架延长并同时过度矫正尺骨畸形,透视下实时调整尺骨截骨端、于桡骨头稳定复位后紧固火钳螺钉,拍片确认复位效果.术中可游离解剖出环状韧带残端,则予以修补;否则行彻底瘢痕切除,不重建环状韧带,完全依赖尺骨畸形的矫正及其艮度的恢复来维持肱桡复位关系.术后2～3周长臂后托石膏田定;尺骨截骨端骨性愈合后,去除外同定架. 结果随访3～26个月,尺骨端全部愈合,肱桡关系好,肘内外翻稳定性伟、无疼痛.按照Morrey标准:好6例,中1例. 结论双球关节外固定架可有效维持尺骨截骨后的矫正性成角和延长长度.并于安置之后(甚至术后)仍可进行调整,以妥善稳定并维持手术获得的肱桡对应关系,还可早期进行功能训练,具有可操作和可调整优势.     

Posterior interosseous nerve palsy associated with neglected pediatric Monteggia fracture-dislocation: A case report

IntroductionThe main goal of the treatment is the anatomical reduction of the ulna fracture and the radial head dislocation in acute and chronic Monteggia cases. Acute pediatric Monteggia lesions are generally treated non-surgically; however, the treatment of chronic Monteggia is challenging. The aim of this article is to share our experiences about treatment of neglected Monteggia lesion.Presentation of caseA 6-year-old girl who underwent a surgery in our clinic for a missed Bado type-III Monteggia fracture-dislocation of the right elbow with concomitant posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsy, which resolved spontaneously after the operation. The operation consisted of open reduction of the radial head, transverse ulnar osteotomy and fixation with an intramedullary Kirchner wire, and annular ligament repair without exploring PIN. The patient was seen in routine follow-up periods until the postoperative first year using plain radiographies. At 16th week follow-up, all functions of the PIN were returned. At first-year follow-up, full range of elbow motion was observed; plain radiographies showed radiocapitellar joint congruency, and Mayo Elbow Performance Index was one hundred.DiscussionTreatment planning for chronic, neglected or missed Monteggia fractures is challenging. There is no consensus about the definitive treatment in the literature.ConclusionWe recommend anatomic and stable restoration of radiocapitellar joint by correcting ulna deformity. Radiocapitellar fixation and PIN exploration may not be necessary in all neglected Monteggia lesions.     

Radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation in children: an osteotomy within the middle third of the ulna

This retrospective study includes 6 patients (average age, 8.7 years) with a dislocation of the radial head and ulnar plastic deformation. All were Monteggia fractures, Bado type I equivalents. The maximum ulnar bow was near the midulna. Five patients underwent an ulnar osteotomy, with elongation and reduction of the angulation within the middle third of the ulna, and open reduction of the radial head. One patient underwent an ulnar osteotomy with only elongation. The osteotomy sites were stabilized by a plate and screws or Kirschner wires. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years. Postoperatively, the average elbow range of motion was extension to 0 degrees, flexion to 138 degrees, forearm supination to 90 degrees, and forearm pronation to 88 degrees. Results in all patients were rated as excellent. One nonunion occurred. An osteotomy performed within the middle third of the ulna, combined with open reduction of the radial head, resulted in excellent clinical outcomes.     

Veraltete Monteggia-Läsionen – Rekonstruktion des Humeroradialgelenks

Objective Reconstruction of the humeroradial joint resulting in immediate functional stability. Indications Missed traumatic dislocation of the radial head.Congenital dislocation of the radial head. Contraindications Secondary dislocation of the radial head in instances of dysplasia or aplasia of the capitellum.Relative: deformation of the radial head in adults. Surgical Technique Open reduction of the radial head without reconstruction of the annular ligament. Osteotomy of the shaft of the proximal ulna and installation of an external fixator with open clamps. Three-dimensional correction of the ulna under visual control of the humeroradial joint until the radial head is relocated in its anatomic position. Results Between 01/1998 and 05/2001, we performed an osteotomy of the proximal ulna, external fixation, and open reduction of the radial head in 14 patients presenting with a late missed Monteggia lesion (Bado type I). The average age of the seven girls and seven boys at the time of reconstruction was 9 (5–15) years, the mean interval between index trauma and reconstruction amounted to 21 months (2 weeks to 7 years). Removal of the external fixator after an average of 12 (7–16) weeks. In twelve patients the reduction was maintained, and in two patients the radial head redislocated postoperatively. In one of these patients a closed reduction was successful, whereas in the other patient an open reduction was done and the external fixation modified. In both patients the joint position was maintained.Preoperatively seven out of 14 patients showed a decreased range of motion; it improved postoperatively in most. A clinical and radiologic follow-up averaging 14 (3–44) months was possible in 13 patients. No complications were recorded.     

Missed chronic anterior Monteggia lesion. Closed reduction by gradual lengthening and angulation of the ulna

Two consecutive cases of chronic dislocation of the head of the radius after missed Bado type-I Monteggia lesions are presented. Reduction was successfully achieved in both patients after ulnar corticotomy, gradual lengthening and angulation of the ulna using an external fixator. Open reduction or reconstruction of the radio-ulnar capitellar joint was not undertaken. The age at injury was seven years in the older and two years in the younger patient. The time from injury to treatment was five years in the older and three months in the younger child. At follow-up, nine years after completion of treatment in the older and eight months in the younger patient, both show satisfactory movement, function of the forearm and reduction of the head of the radius. This technique may be considered in missed Monteggia lesions before open procedures on the radio-ulnar capitellar joint are undertaken.     

Surgical treatment of missed Monteggia lesions in children

Purpose The treatment of an unrecognized Monteggia lesion continues to pose a therapeutic challenge, as evidenced by the variety of surgical techniques described. Moreover, there are high complication and redislocation rates following surgery. This report concerns a surgical technique to reduce a chronic dislocation of the radial head utilizing an ulnar osteotomy and internal fixation. Methods Six consecutive cases of missed Monteggia lesions were treated in our institution between August 2001 and September 2003. Patient mean age was 6.5 (range 4–8) years, and the mean interval between injury and surgical procedure was 17 (range 1–49) months. Surgery consisted of an ulnar osteotomy with angulation and lengthening, bone grafting at the osteotomy site, and internal fixation. Open reduction of the radial head, repair or reconstruction of the annular ligament or temporary fixation of the radial head with a transarticular wire was not undertaken. Cast immobilization with the forearm in neutral rotation was maintained for 2 weeks. Results There was one case of nonunion. At an average follow-up of 3 (range 1.5–4.4) years, all patients had regained painless function of the forearm, good range of elbow and forearm motion, and maintenance of the radial head reduction. Conclusions Both angulation and elongation of the ulna are required to allow for reduction of the radial head. We do not see any indication for procedures directed at the radio-capitellar joint.     

Open reduction and annular ligament reconstruction with fascia of the forearm in chronic monteggia lesions in children

Fifteen children with chronic Monteggia lesions were treated with open reduction, annular ligament reconstruction with fascia of the forearm, and ulnar osteotomy. Mean age was 8 years 3 months (range 3-16 years). The chronicity of missed Monteggia was from 6 weeks to 2 years (mean 12 weeks). All patients were classified as Bado type I, except one with Bado type III. Mean follow-up was 4 years 3 months after surgery. There was a loss of pronation in six cases with the mean of 16 degrees. However, only four cases had rotational loss; the others had a mean rotational arch increase of 5 degrees. The flexion arches improved in all patients, with a mean of 27.7 degrees. The functional result was excellent in 11 patients, good in 3 patients, and poor in 1 patient. This one-incision approach is safe in treating chronic Monteggia lesions in children.     

外固定架尺骨延长治疗遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤所致前臂畸形

目的探讨采用外固定架尺骨延长治疗遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤(HMO)所致前臂畸形的疗效。方法回顾分析2014年4月至2018年4月北京积水潭医院创伤骨科采用外固定架尺骨延长治疗HMO所致前臂畸形患者5例。其中男4例,女1例;平均年龄14.5岁(12~16岁);右侧2例,左侧3例;MasadaⅠ型2例,MasadaⅡB型3例。5例患者均接受尺骨延长手术治疗。对3例MasadaⅡB型患者采用环形外固定架,另2例采用单边外固定架。1例合并桡骨骨折患者同时行桡骨骨折切开复位内固定术。截骨术后8~10 d开始行尺骨牵开延长。结果5例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间16个月(12~30个月)。3例MasadaⅡB型患者桡骨头均自行复位。5例患者尺骨平均延长37.5 mm(30~45 mm),平均应用外固定架时间162 d(122~274 d),平均外固定架指数48.9 d/cm。术前和术后平均梅奥肘关节评分分别为36.4分和92.7分,平均肘关节屈曲活动范围分别为118.0°(110°~130°)和130.0°(120°~150°),平均伸肘活动范围分别为12.7°(10°~20°)和3.5°(0°~10°),平均前臂旋前活动范围分别为18.6°(5°~30°)和44.7°(30°~65°),平均前臂旋后活动范围分别为71.2°(50°~85°)和86.5°(75°~90°)。1例桡骨干骨折患者术后3个月骨折愈合。2例出现针道感染;1例尺骨过早愈合,行第2次截骨手术后延长顺利。未见神经血管并发症。5例患者对治疗结果均满意。结论采用外固定架逐渐延长尺骨治疗HMO患者尺骨短缩畸形和桡骨头脱位安全有效。     

Management of acute length-unstable Monteggia fractures in children: A case report

BACKGROUNDMonteggia fractures are uncommon injuries in paediatric age. Treatment algorithms assert that length-unstable fractures are treated with plate fixation. In this case report, intramedullary fixation of an acute length-unstable Monteggia fracture allowed a stable reduction to be achieved, along with an appropriate ulnar length and alignment as well as radio capitellar reduction despite the fact that the orthopaedic surgeon did not use a plate for the ulnar fracture. The scope of treatment is to avoid the use of a plate that causes periosteal stripping and blood circulation disruption around the fracture. CASE SUMMARYA four-year-old girl presented at the Emergency Department following an accidental fall off a chair onto the right forearm. The X-ray highlighted a length-unstable acute Bado type 1 Monteggia fracture of the right forearm. On the same day, the patient underwent surgical treatment of the Monteggia fracture. The surgeon preferred not to use a plate to avoid a delay in fracture healing and to allow the micromotion necessary for callus formation. The operation comprised percutaneous fixation with an elastic intramedullary K-wire of the ulnar fracture and, subsequently, humeroradial joint reduction through manual manipulation. The orthopaedic surgeon assessed the stability of the radial head reduction under fluoroscopic control through flexion, extension, pronation and supination of the forearm. Healing of the fracture occurred within six weeks after surgery, as indicated by the presence of calluses on at least three cortices on standard radiographs. Dislocation/subluxation or loss of ulnar reduction was not apparent at the final X-ray examination. CONCLUSIONIntramedullary fixation of unstable Monteggia fractures results in excellent outcomes, provides reliable reduction and causes fewer complications.