小切口同期双侧髋关节置换治疗髋关节强直

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎晚期引起的髋关节骨性强直双侧髋关节同时置换术的方法和疗效.方法 选取18例(36髋)强直性脊柱炎并双侧髋关节强直施行同期双侧人工全髋关节置换手术,并进行回顾性分析.结果 本组获平均3.5年随访,Harris关节功能评分,术前平均21.5分,术后平均95分.未见髋臼假体松动、脱落,无感染、脱位等并发...     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床研究

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的手术方法及术后疗效。方法 2005年5月至2008年5月,对13例(18髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者行全髋关节置换术,患者均为男性,平均年龄35岁(22～51岁)。术后平均随访3.8年(2～5年),根据Harris评分进行评分,根据Gruen股骨分区法和DeLee-Charnley髋臼分区法对股骨假体和髋臼假体作影像学分析。结果 13例(18髋)患者Harris评分由术前平均24.3分(0～38分)提高至术后平均87.3分(54～94分),疗效优6髋,良10髋,可2髋,优良率为88.9%。髋关节总活动度由术前平均35.4°(0°～105°)提高至术后平均192.6°(78°～225°)。X线片未见假体松动、脱位或折断,异位骨化发生率11.1%(2髋)。结论全髋关节置换术是重建强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者髋关节功能,提高生活质量的有效方法。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节非功能位骨性强直的人工全髋关节置换

[目的]探讨强直性脊柱炎髋关节非功能位骨性强直的患者行人工全髋关节置换效果的因素,包括手术时机、手术方式、假体选择等。[方法]2011年1月~2014年1月对14例强直性脊柱炎导致髋关节非功能位骨性强直的患者行人工全髋关节置换术,其中男12例23髋,女2例3髋;年龄18~45岁,术前Harris评分平均28分。[结果]14例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间24个月。假体位置良好,无脱位等情况,活动度良好。[结论]对于强直性脊柱炎髋关节非功能位骨性强直的患者应尽早进行手术,应用生物型假体及精确的手术技术,可以获得良好的效果。     

髋关节强直人工全髋关节置换的临床治疗体会

[目的]探讨髋关节强直人工全髋关节置换的手术方法及临床效果。[方法]对19例(34髋)患者,根据患者术前情况,给予行人工全髋关节置换,其中单侧4例,双侧15例(12例为双侧同期置换,3例为双侧分期置换),采用外侧切口,松解前方挛缩组织,股骨颈分次截骨。股骨头骨刀打碎或髋臼锉逐级打磨,股骨距保留1.5～2.0 cm,股骨扩髓一定要同假体形状匹配吻合良好。应用与锉及试模同型号的生物型假体,嵌入压迫固定,部分患者应用2枚髋臼螺钉固定。[结果]本组术后均得到随访,随访时间为1～10年,平均3.5年;康复后无须拄拐,生活自理,行走步态基本恢复正常,假体位置良好,无松动。采用Harris评分系统进行评分:术前评分为0～32分,平均19.2分;术后评分为70～96分,平均89.8分。疗效评价结果:优24髋,良7髋,可3髋,优良率为91.18%。[结论]髋关节强直行人工全髋关节置换,是重建髋关节功能的有效方法,术中正确的手术操作和术后恰当的功能锻炼是术后效果的良好保证。     

全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直27例分析

[目的]探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直的临床疗效。[方法]选取2002年6月～2007年6月收治的行人工全髋关节置换术的强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直患者27例(38个髋关节),对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]经平均2年4个月随访,患者髋关节术前活动度为0°,术后总的活动度平均为147.4°,其中平均屈髋92.6°;髋关节屈曲畸形程度,术前平均31.0°,术后平均5.2°;Harris评分,术前平均16.6分,术后平均93.3分。术后患者髋痛消失,步态基本恢复正常,无严重并发症发生。[结论]人工全髋关节置换术可明显增加髋关节活动度,矫正髋关节畸形,改善髋关节功能,提高患者的生活质量,是治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累强直的有效方法。     

强直性脊柱炎合并双髋关节融合晚期手术治疗

[目的]探讨强直性脊椎炎髋关节晚期病变行全髋关节置换术的疗效及并发症处理和对策。[方法]对38例(65髋)强直性脊柱炎患者行人工全髋关节置换术,其中男28例,女10例;年龄20～45岁,平均34岁。采用国际医学科学组织委员会国际诊断标准进行疾病诊断,随访平均3年。[结果]术后疗效根据Harris评分标准。术后除了2例患者外,病人有轻微疼痛或者无疼痛,髋关节活动范围增加了平均45.5°。对于关节纤维强直的患者,术后髋关节屈曲改善了平均57.3°。对于术前活动范围局限在室内的12例患者,11例活动范围明显得到改善,但是需要指出的是强直性脊柱炎患者术后行走功能较其他疾病的患者要差。术后无深静脉血栓、假体松动、断裂以及脱位发生。异位骨化发生率13.7%(7髋),但对功能无明显影响。[结论]强直性脊椎炎髋关节晚期病变适宜行全髋关节置换术。选择髋关节外侧切口,术中强直髋关节处理措施得当,人工假体选择合适,术后康复手段完善和规范,可以明显恢复关节功能,但与其他病因的全髋关节置换术相比,具有很高的骨化性肌炎发生率。     

强直性脊柱炎双侧髋膝关节骨性强直的功能重建

[目的]探讨双侧髋、膝关节骨性强直的强直性脊柱炎患者一次住院治疗,行全部4个关节置换的可行性以及手术方法的设计和术后的康复.[方法]对3例同时发生双侧髋、膝关节骨性强直的强直性脊柱炎患者一次住院,分两次手术行下肢4个大关节的人工关节置换术,其中1例,第1次手术行左侧髋关节置换,第2次手术行右侧髋关节及双侧膝关节置换术;另2例两次手术分别行同侧髋、膝关节置换术.病人麻醉清醒后即开始进行下肢肌肉主动收缩,术后3 d将下肢置于CPM机进行髋、膝关节屈伸练习,术后2周下床学习行走,出院前达到在支具扶助下行走100步.[结果]术后6个月随访时,髋关节活动范围为105°～145°,平均135°,膝关节活动范围为45°～60°,平均54°;髋关节功能评分采用Harris评分系统平均83分,均为良,膝关节功能评分采用1989年美国膝关节外科协会评分系统第1例左侧膝关节74/75分,为良,其余5个膝关节均为优.[结论]双侧髋、膝关节骨性强直的强直性脊柱炎患者一次住院治疗、行全部4个关节置换不仅可以缩短治疗周期,减轻病人痛苦和经济负担,同时便于术中操作和术后康复,其中以单次手术行同侧髋膝关节置换效果更佳.     

全髋置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直行全髋关节置换术的方法及疗效。方法回顾分析采用经外侧入路全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直19例（28髋）。结果所有患者均进行了随访,随访时间14～52个月,平均36个月。根据Harris评分系统对功能进行评价。术前Harris评分15～52分,平均26.8分;术后65～92分,平均84.6分,前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。术后无并发感染,无血管、神经损伤。术后发生髋关节疼痛1例,再强直1例,异位骨化2例,随访无髋关节脱位,未发现无菌性松动。结论经外侧入路全髋置换是强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者重建髋关节、恢复关节功能、提高生活质量的理想方法。     

骨盆、髋关节

股骨峡部髓腔与全髂置换术中假体选择的关系；强直性脊柱炎股骨近段形态学改变对全髋关节置换术假体选择的意义；微小切口行全髋置换手术操作及早期疗效；全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良；前路小切口人工全髋关节置换术疗效分析；精确匹配的半髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死；髋关节翻修股骨侧植入物的取出；发育性髋脱位髋臼容积的CT测量与分析；     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床效果。方法对11例强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者（22髋）进行全髋关节置换术,术后行踝关节及足趾屈伸等功能锻练。结果术后髋关节活动度明显改善,屈曲畸形基本矫正。11例均获随访,时间2-6年。未出现关节脱位和假体松动。Harris评分由术前9-58（36±9.8）分提高到末次随访时64-94（81.2±10.6）分,优13髋,良6髋,中3髋。结论全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直能显著改善髋关节功能,矫正髋关节畸形,近期疗效满意。     

全髋关节置换术髋臼旋转中心的回顾性研究

[目的]通过手术前后对髋臼旋转中心的X线测量，探讨髋臼旋转中心的变化对髋关节平衡稳定性的影响。[方法]追溯调查近年本院收治120例155髋，均为首次行全髋关节置换术患者，对比术前术后双髋关节正位X线片，比较术后髋臼假体的旋转中心（HJC1）与解剖髋臼旋转中心（HJC0）的符合率。[结果]旋转中心恢复者98髋（63．23％）（A组），未恢复者57髋（36．77％）（B组）；A、B两组中因人工髋关节松动、脱位、髋部痛等行髋关节假体翻修术分别为6髋（6．12％）、17髋（29．82％）。[结论]髋臼旋转中心的恢复对人工髋关节置换术后的关节稳定性有直接影响。     

髋关节骨性强直或融合后的全髋关节置换术

目的　探讨髋关节骨性强直或融合后行全髋关节置换术的可行性。方法　对 10例髋关节骨性强直或融合患者行全髋关节置换术的临床疗效及手术相关问题进行分析。结果　随访 6～ 30个月 (平均 18个月 ) ,10例 12个髋关节活动度术前为 0° ,术后总的活动度平均 16 3° ,屈髋平均 89°;Har ris评分术前平均 15 6分 ,术后平均 89分。术后髋痛消失 ,膝痛、下腰痛明显改善 ,步态基本恢复正常 ,8例重返工作岗位。结论　髋关节骨性强直或融合后如果发生严重的下腰痛、对侧髋关节、同侧膝关节疼痛或髋关节融合在非功能位上 ,髋关节周围软组织条件好 ,外展肌基本正常 ,应行全髋关节置换术     

Long-term results of bilateral Charnley total hip arthroplasty

The results of 58 bilateral Charnley total hip arthroplasties in 29 patients operated on were assessed at an average of 62 and 145 months after operation (5-year and 10-year follow-up evaluations). At the 5-year follow-up evaluation, 96% of the available hips were graded as clinically successful. At 10 years, 94% of the successes at 5 years were again thus graded. All clinical failures (4) were caused by fracture of the stem.     

Surgical approaches to the hip

The hip is the major articulation between the femur and acetabulum. It is a ball-and-socket synovial joint that allows for versatile and multi-directional movement. Stability of the hip is maintained by a combination of articular congruence, soft tissue constraints and muscular control. These factors are important during arthroplasty where surgical decisions may affect the stability of the implant. The blood supply to the femoral head is predominantly retrograde in adults, with major contributions from the endosteal supply and the retinacular vessels (medial circumflex femoral artery) within the capsule. Intracapsular fractures potentially disrupt this blood supply and increase the risk of avascular necrosis. In the elderly, frail or comorbid patient, the management of displaced intracapsular fractures is predominantly with arthroplasty. In contrast, extracapsular fractures can be managed with fixation as the blood supply is relatively spared. The main approaches to the hip are categorized by the surgical dissection in relation to the greater trochanter and abductor mechanism. The anterior approach accesses the hip through a true inter-nervous plane while preserving the blood supply. It is commonly used in the washout of native joint infections. The lateral approach requires mobilization of the abductor mechanism during deep dissection. Surgical exposure of the hip is balanced against the risk of postoperative abductor failure. It is the recommended approach for hemiarthroplasty with low rates of dislocation. The posterior approach offers good exposure of the hip but requires understanding of the sciatic nerve anatomy and its variations. It is favoured by many hip surgeons in the UK.     

Abnormal loading of the hip and knee joints in unilateral hip osteoarthritis persists two years after total hip replacement

A total hip replacement (THR) is a common and routine procedure to reduce pain and restore normal activity. Gait analysis can provide insights into functional characteristics and dynamic joint loading situation not identifiable by clinical examination or static radiographic measures. The present prospective longitudinal study tested whether 2 years after surgery a THR would restore dynamic loading of the knee and hip joints in the frontal plane to normal. Instrumented gait analysis was performed shortly before surgery and approximately 2 years after THR on 15 unilateral hip osteoarthritis (OA) patients. 15 asymptomatic matched individuals were recruited as healthy controls. Results showed that abnormal joint loading persisted 2 years after THR. The 2nd external knee adduction moment in terminal stance in the affected (?34%, p = 0.002, d = 1.22) and non‐affected limb (?25%, p = 0.035, d = 0.81) was lower compared to controls and thus indicated a shift in the knee joint load distribution from medial to lateral. A correlation analysis revealed that a smaller hip range of motion explained 46% of 2nd knee adduction moment alterations. In contrast, the 2nd external hip adduction moment in terminal stance was postoperatively higher in the affected (+22%, p = 0.007, d = 1.04) and non‐affected limb (+22%, p = 0.005, d = 1.05). Here, 51% of 2nd hip adduction moment alterations can be explained with a greater hip adduction angle. Patients with a THR may therefore be at higher risk for abnormal joint loading and thus for the development of OA in other joints of the lower extremities. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2167–2177, 2018.

     

股骨偏心距和髋臼旋转中心对人工全髋置换术后关节功能影响的回顾性研究

[目的]通过股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心手术后测量,探讨其变化对人工全髋置换术后关节功能的影响。[方法]临床随访本院人工全髋置换术后患者87例(92髋),均为首次行全髋关节置换术患者,平均随访时间2年1个月,测量手术后双髋关节X线片,比较术后假体股骨偏心距、旋转中心与解剖股骨偏心距、旋转中心符合率,对患者术后髋关节功能进行Harris评分并分组进行统计学分析。[结果]股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心均恢复(A组)27例(29.35%),(B组)仅FO恢复23例(25.00%),(C组)仅HJC恢复31例(33.70%),(D组)FO及HJC均未恢复11例(11.96%),Harris评分优良率A组96.30%,B组为73.19%,C组为74.19%,D组为27.27%,Harris评分优良率A组与B组(P=0.039),A组与C组(P=0.029),A组与D组(P=0.000)差异均有统计学意义。[结论]股骨偏心距及旋转中心的恢复对人工全髋置换术后关节功能有直接影响。     

保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换治疗髋关节疾病的疗效分析

目的探讨保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换治疗髋关节疾病的临床疗效。方法对23例髋关节疾病患者采用Gibson切口行保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换术,在头下位置将股骨头截断,保留完整的股骨颈,并选择合适的外展角及前倾角植入假体。术前术后行Harris髋关节评分,随访时摄片了解假体的位置。结果 23例均获随访,时间33~50个月。Harris评分由术前37.7分±9.0分提高到末次随访时的90.4分±3.2分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3例出现双下肢不等长(长度差异2 cm);无感染及神经损伤,无脱位及肺栓塞形成;出现异位骨化Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级1例。结论保留股骨颈型全髋关节假体治疗髋关节疾病,保留了更多宿主骨质,利于再次假体翻修,临床疗效良好。     

全髋关节置换术治疗化脓性髋关节炎后遗关节畸形的临床研究

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗化脓性髋关节炎后遗关节畸形的近期临床疗效。方法 21例（22髋）化脓性髋关节炎后遗关节畸形行THA治疗。比较术前与末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分,并随访观察假体稳定性。结果所有患者均获得平均45（24-58）个月随访。手术切口均一期愈合,无关节脱位、深静脉血栓形成、坐骨神经损伤或感染复发等并发症。所有患者均未出现〉2 mm的透亮带,无假体松动。临床症状及髋关节功能明显改善,末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分平均89.5（73-97）分,较术前平均45.3（25-62）分明显提高,差异有统计学意义（t=13.642,P〈0.001）。结论 THA治疗化脓性髋关节炎后遗关节畸形的近期疗效良好。     

The proximal hip joint capsule and the zona orbicularis contribute to hip joint stability in distraction

The structure and function of the proximal hip joint capsule and the zona orbicularis are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the zona orbicularis is an important contributor to hip stability in distraction. In seven cadaveric hip specimens from seven male donors we distracted the femur from the acetabulum in a direction parallel to the femoral shaft with the hip in the neutral position. Eight sequential conditions were assessed: (1) intact specimen (muscle and skin removed), (2) capsule vented, (3) incised iliofemoral ligament, (4) circumferentially incised capsule, (5) partially resected capsule (distal to the zona orbicularis), (6) completely resected capsule, (7) radially incised labrum, and (8) completely resected labrum. The reduction of the distraction load was greatest between the partially resected capsule phase and completely resected capsule phase at 1, 3, and 5 mm joint distraction (p = 0.018). The proximal to middle part of the capsule, which includes the zona orbicularis, appears grossly and biomechanically to act as a locking ring wrapping around the neck of the femur and is a key structure for hip stability in distraction. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 989–995, 2009     

全髋关节置换术后的隐性失血分析

[目的]分析全髋关节置换术后患者的隐性失血情况.[方法]对本院2005年1月～2008年12月间1 232例因股骨颈骨折、髋关节骨关节炎、股骨头缺血性坏死、发育性髋关节发育不良和股骨颈骨折术后骨不连行全髋关节置换术患者围手术期出血及输血情况进行统计,并根据Sehat方法计算隐性失血量.[结果]全髋关节置换术后平均隐性失血量为1 050ml,约占总失血量的60%.股骨颈骨折患者的隐性出血量要明显低于其他患者.[结论]全髋关节置换术患者的隐性失血量明显高于我们观察到的,而在手术当中保留和修复关节囊可以明显减少隐性出血量.