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1.
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van Beek JH Kendler KS de Moor MH Geels LM Bartels M Vink JM van den Berg SM Willemsen G Boomsma DI 《Behavior genetics》2012,42(1):40-56
Relatively little is known about how genetic influences on alcohol abuse and dependence (AAD) change with age. We examined
the change in influence of genetic and environmental factors which explain symptoms of AAD from adolescence into early adulthood.
Symptoms of AAD were assessed using the four AAD screening questions of the CAGE inventory. Data were obtained up to six times
by self-report questionnaires for 8,398 twins from the Netherlands Twin Register aged between 15 and 32 years. Longitudinal
genetic simplex modeling was performed with Mx. Results showed that shared environmental influences were present for age 15–17
(57%) and age 18–20 (18%). Unique environmental influences gained importance over time, contributing 15% of the variance at
age 15–17 and 48% at age 30–32. At younger ages, unique environmental influences were largely age-specific, while at later
ages, age-specific influences became less important. Genetic influences on AAD symptoms over age could be accounted for by
one factor, with the relative influence of this factor differing across ages. Genetic influences increased from 28% at age
15–17 to 58% at age 21–23 and remained high in magnitude thereafter. These results are in line with a developmentally stable
hypothesis that predicts that a single set of genetic risk factors acts on symptoms of AAD from adolescence into young adulthood. 相似文献
3.
Previous research suggests that both genetic and environmental influences are important for antisocial behavior across the
life span, even though the prevalence and incidence of antisocial behavior varies considerably across ages. However, little
is known of how genetic and environmental effects influence the development of antisocial behavior. A total of 2,600 male
and female twins from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry were included in the present study. Antisocial behavior was
measured on four occasions, when twins were 8–9, 13–14, 16–17, and 19–20 years old. Longitudinal analyses of the data were
conducted using structural equation modeling. The stability of antisocial behavior over time was explained by a common latent
persistent antisocial behavior factor. A common genetic influence accounted for 67% of the total variance in this latent factor,
the shared environment explained 26%, and the remaining 7% was due to the non-shared environment. Significant age-specific
shared environmental factors were found at ages 13–14 years, suggesting that common experiences (e.g., peers) are important
for antisocial behavior at this age. Results from this study show that genetic as well as shared environmental influences
are important in antisocial behavior that persists from childhood to emerging adulthood. 相似文献
4.
The aim of this study was to examine the direction and the etiology of the association between different parenting styles
(parental emotional overinvolvement [EOI] and parental criticism) and internalizing behavior from adolescence to early adulthood.
A longitudinal genetically informative cross-lagged design was applied to a population-based sample of Swedish twins contacted
at age 16–17 (n = 2369) and at age 19–20 (n = 1705). Sex-limitation modelling revealed different effects for boys and girls. For girls, genetic influences on internalizing
problems at age 16–17 independently explained 2.7% of the heritability in parental EOI at age 19–20. These results suggest
that emotionally overinvolved and self-sacrificing parental behavior stems in part from daughters (but not sons) genetic predisposition
for internalizing behavior. These findings highlight the importance of genetically influenced child-driven effects underlying
the parenting-internalizing association, and clarify that the role of such effects may differ depending on sex, type of parenting
and developmental period. 相似文献
5.
Hoekstra RA Bartels M Hudziak JJ Van Beijsterveldt TC Boomsma DI 《Behavior genetics》2008,38(5):447-461
We examined the contribution of genetic and environmental influences on the stability of withdrawn behavior (WB) in childhood
using a longitudinal multiple rater twin design. Maternal and paternal ratings on the withdrawn subscale of the Child Behavior
Checklist (CBCL) were obtained from 14,889 families when the twins were 3, 7, 10 and 12 years old. A longitudinal psychometric
model was fitted to the data and the fit of transmission and common factor models were evaluated for each variance component.
WB showed considerable stability throughout childhood, with correlation coefficients ranging from about .30 for the 9-year
time interval to .65 for shorter time intervals. Individual differences in WB as observed by the mother and the father were
found to be largely influenced by genetic effects at all four time points, in both boys (50–66%) and girls (38–64%). Shared
environmental influences explained a small to modest proportion (0–24%) of the variance at all ages and were slightly more
pronounced in girls. Non-shared environmental influences were of moderate importance to the variance and slightly increased
with age, from 22–28% at age 3 to 35–41% at age 12 years. The stability of WB was largely explained by genetic effects, accounting
for 74% of stability in boys and 65% in girls. Shared environmental effects explained 7% (boys) and 17% (girls) of the behavioral
stability. Most shared environmental effects were common to both raters, suggesting little influence of rater bias in the
assessment of WB. The shared environmental effects common to both raters were best described by a common factor model, indicating
that these effects are stable and persistent throughout childhood. Non-shared environmental effects accounted for the remaining
covariance over time.
Edited by Hermine Maes. 相似文献
6.
The study investigated the genetic and environmental etiology of schizotypal personality traits in a non-selected sample of
adolescent twins, measured on two occasions between the ages of 11 and 16 years old. The 22-item Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-
Child version (SPQ-C) was found to be factorially similar to the adult version of this instrument, with three underlying factors
(Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal-Affective, and Disorganization). Each factor was heritable at age 11–13 years (h
2 = 42–53%) and 14–16 years old (h
2 = 38–57%). Additive genetic and unique environmental influences for these three dimensions of schizotypal personality acted
in part through a single common latent factor, with additional genetic effects specific to both Interpersonal-Affective and
Disorganization subscales at each occasion. The longitudinal correlation between the latent schizotypy factor was r = 0.58, and genetic influences explained most of the stability in this latent factor over time (81%). These longitudinal
data demonstrate significant genetic variance in schizotypal traits, with moderate stability between early to middle adolescence.
In addition to common influences between the two assessments, there were new genetic and non-shared environmental effects
that played a role at the later assessment, indicating significant change in schizotypal traits and their etiologies throughout
adolescence. 相似文献
7.
The aim of this multi-informant twin study was to determine the relative role of genetic and environmental factors in explaining variation in trait resilience in adolescents. Participants were consenting families (N = 2,638 twins in 1,394 families), from seven national cohorts (age 12–18 years, both sexes) of monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared together. Questionnaire data on the adolescents’ Ego-resilience (ER89) was collected from mothers, fathers and twins, and analysed by means of multivariate genetic modelling. Variance in trait resilience was best represented in an ADE common pathways model with sex limitation. Variance in the latent psychometric resilience factor was largely explained by additive genetic factors (77% in boys, 70% in girls), with the remaining variance (23 and 30%) attributable to non-shared environmental factors. Additive genetic sources explained more than 50% of the informant specific variation in mothers and fathers scores. In twins, additive and non-additive genetic factors together explained 40% and non-shared environmental factor the remaining 60% of variation. In the mothers’ scores, the additive genetic effect was larger for boys than for girls. The non-additive genetic factor found in the twins’ self ratings was larger in boys than in girls. The remaining sex differences in the specific factors were small. Trait resilience is largely genetically determined. Estimates based on several informants rather than single informants approaches are recommended. 相似文献
8.
Distel MA Vink JM Willemsen G Middeldorp CM Merckelbach HL Boomsma DI 《Behavior genetics》2008,38(1):24-33
Twin studies on fear and phobia suggest moderate genetic effects. However, results are inconclusive regarding the presence
of dominant genetic effects and sex differences. Using an extended twin design, including male and female twins (n = 5,465) and their siblings (n = 1,624), we examined the genetic and environmental influences on blood-injury, social, and agoraphobic fear and investigated
their interaction with sex and age. Data of spouses (n = 708) of twins were used to evaluate assortative mating for the three fear dimensions. Results showed that there was no
assortative mating for blood-injury, social and agoraphobic fear. Resemblance between biological relatives could be explained
by additive and non-additive genetic effects for blood-injury and agoraphobic fear in all participants, and social fear in
participants aged 14–25 years. For social fear in participants aged 26–65 only additive genetic effects were detected. Broad-sense
heritability estimates ranged from 36 to 51% and were similar for men and women.
Edited by John K Hewitt. 相似文献
9.
Ortega-Alonso A Pietiläinen KH Silventoinen K Saarni SE Kaprio J 《Behavior genetics》2012,42(1):73-85
BMI increases progressively from adolescence to young adulthood. The aims of the present study were firstly, to investigate
the extent to which genetic and environmental influences account for differences in BMI trajectories during this period, and
secondly to examine whether boys and girls show divergences in these influences, as their BMI normally start differing across
adolescence. The study sample consisted of 4,915 monozygotic and like- and unlike-sex dizygotic twins, born between 1975 and
1979. Data on BMI was gathered when twins were on average 16.1, 17.1, 18.6 and 24.4 years old. Genetic and environmental influences
on the BMI trajectories were modeled using a latent growth curve approach. The results showed that the heritability of BMI
decreased slightly after the adolescence period, from ≈80 to 70%. BMI transition from adolescence to young adulthood was best
described by a quadratic trajectory that was highly accounted (61.7–86.5%) for by additive genetic influences. Genetic influences
on BMI level showed a low correlation with those on the trend in BMI with age indicating that different sets of genes underlie
the change of BMI during this period. Importantly, the analyses also evidenced that different genetic and environmental influences
may underlie boys and girls evolution. In conclusion, our results suggested specific genetic influences accounting for the
BMI rate-of-change from adolescence to young adulthood. This indicates that the specific genes behind BMI level may not be
the same as the genes affecting BMI change which should be taken into account in further efforts to identify these genes. 相似文献
10.
The timing of puberty is complex, possibly involving many genetic factors that may interact with environmental influences.
Familial resemblance for age at menarche was studied in a sample of 4,995 female twins, 1,296 sisters, 2,946 mothers and 635
female spouses of male twins. They had indicated their age at menarche as part of a larger longitudinal survey. We assessed
assortative mating for age at menarche, gene–environment interaction effects and estimated the heritability of individual
differences in pubertal timing. There was significant evidence of gene–environment interaction, accounting for 1.5% of the
variance. There was no indication of consistent mate assortment on age at menarche. Individual differences in age at menarche
are highly heritable, with additive genetic factors explaining at least 70% of the true variation. An additional 1.5% of the
variation can be explained by a genotype–environment interaction effect where environmental factors are more important in
individuals genetically predisposed for late menarche.
Edited by Stacey Cherny 相似文献
11.
The way people cope with stressors of day to day living has an important influence on health. The aim of the present study was to explore whether genetic and environmental variations in stress-coping differ over time during adulthood. The brief COPE was mailed to a large sample of the UK female twins (N = 4,736) having a wide range of age (20–87 years). Factor analyses of the items of the brief COPE yielded three coping scales: ‘Problem-Solving’, ‘Support Seeking’, and ‘Avoidance’. Monozygotic and dizygotic twin correlations tended to become lower with age for all three scales, suggesting that unique environmental factors may become more important with age during adulthood. Model-fitting results showed that relative influences of unique environmental factors increased from 60 % at age 20 years to 74% at age 87 years for ‘Problem-Solving’ and 56 % at age 20 years to 76% at age 87 years for ‘Avoidance’. During the same age period, genetic factors decreased from 40 to 26 % for ‘Problem-Solving’ and from 44 to 24 % for ‘Avoidance’. For ‘Seeking Support’, the magnitude of genetic and unique environmental factors was not significantly different across the adulthood. For all three scales, shared environmental effects were negligible. Overall, our findings implicate that the effects of environment that stem from idiosyncratic experience of stressful life events accumulate and become increasingly important in adulthood. 相似文献
12.
Though behavioral genetic studies of aggression have implicated heritable and environmental factors, there is limited understanding of how these factors influence aggression across different settings and over time. Ratings for 732 twins were collected from parents and teachers during middle childhood and early adolescence. Total aggression scores on the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF) were examined at each age, across both settings, and developmentally. In this sample, aggressive behavior was moderately to largely heritable at each age within the home (.76–.84) and school (.42–.61). Across each age, ratings by parents and teachers were moderately correlated (.19–.36). Genetic and environmental effects that were limited to a particular setting were important etiological factors for aggressive behavior consistently within each setting, while only genetic factors influenced levels of aggression across both settings. Stability during these ages was due to genetic effects common to each age and the persistence of child-specific environmental experiences within each setting. These results suggest that genetic and environmental influences on children’s aggressive behavior are largely setting specific. Levels of aggression seen consistently across both settings are due to genetic influences. Developmentally stable levels of aggressive behavior result from genetic influences common to all ages and individual environmental influences whose effects persist across ages.Edited by Danielle Posthuma 相似文献
13.
Edwards AC Sihvola E Korhonen T Pulkkinen L Moilanen I Kaprio J Rose RJ Dick DM 《Behavior genetics》2011,41(4):476-487
Depressive symptoms and alcohol use are frequently positively associated during adolescence. This study aimed to assess the
heritability of each phenotype across adolescence; to assess potential shared liabilities; to examine changes in the nature
of shared liabilities across adolescence; and to investigate potential causal relationships between depressive symptoms and
alcohol use. We studied a longitudinally assessed sample of adolescent Finnish twins (N = 1,282) to test hypotheses about
genetic and environmental influences on these phenotypes within and across ages, using data from assessments at ages 12, 14,
and 17.5 years. The heritability of depressive symptoms is consistent across adolescence (~40–50%), with contributions from
common and unique environmental factors. The heritability of alcohol use varies across time (a2 = .25–.44), and age 14 alcohol use is heavily influenced by shared environmental factors. Genetic attenuation and innovation
were observed across waves. Modest to moderate genetic (rA = .26–.59) and environmental (rC = .30–.63) correlations between phenotypes exist at all ages, but decrease over time. Tests for causal relationships between
traits differed across ages and sexes. Intrapair MZ difference tests provided evidence for reciprocal causation in girls at
ages 14 and 17.5. Formal causal models suggested significant causal relationships between the variables in both boys and girls.
The association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use during adolescence is likely due to a combination of shared genetic
and environmental influences and causal influences. These influences are also temporally dynamic, complicating efforts to
understand factors contributing to the relationship between these outcomes. 相似文献
14.
D. J. A. Smit M. Boersma C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt D. Posthuma C. J. Stam E. J. C. de Geus 《Behavior genetics》2010,40(2):167-177
We examined the longitudinal genetic architecture of three parameters of functional brain connectivity. One parameter described
overall connectivity (synchronization likelihood, SL). The two others were derived from graph theory and described local (clustering
coefficient, CC) and global (average path length, L) aspects of connectivity. We measured resting state EEG in 1,438 subjects from four age groups of about 16, 18, 25 and 50 years.
Developmental curves for SL and L indicate that connectivity is more random at adolescence and old age, and more structured in middle-aged adulthood. Individual
variation in SL and L were moderately to highly heritable at each age (SL: 40–82%; L: 29–63%). Genetic factors underlying these phenotypes overlapped. CC was also heritable (25–49%) but showed no systematic
overlap with SL and L. SL, CC, and L in the alpha band showed high phenotypic and genetic stability from 16 to 25 years. Heritability for parameters in the beta
band was lower, and less stable across ages, but genetic stability was high. We conclude that the connectivity parameters
SL, CC, and L in the alpha band show the hallmarks of a good endophenotype for behavior and developmental disorders. 相似文献
15.
Robinson EB Koenen KC McCormick MC Munir K Hallett V Happé F Plomin R Ronald A 《Behavior genetics》2012,42(2):245-255
Autistic traits—social impairment, communication impairment, and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests—are heritable
in the general population. Previous analyses have consistently reported limited genetic and environmental overlap between
autistic trait domains in samples assessed in middle childhood. Here we extend this research to parent-report data for 12-year-olds.
Data from 5,944 pairs in the Twins Early Development Study were analyzed to explore the domain-specific heritability and degree
of shared genetic and environmental influences across different autistic traits in the general population and among individuals
scoring in the top 5% of each domain. Sex differences in the etiological estimates were also tested in these analyses. Autistic
traits were moderately to highly heritable (0.58–0.88) at age 12. Bivariate genetic correlations in the full sample (0.18–0.40)
and the extremes (0.24–0.67), as well as even lower unique environmental correlations, all suggested considerable fractionation
of genetic and environmental influences across autistic trait domains, in line with previous findings. 相似文献
16.
R. H. C. Palmer S. E. Young R. P. Corley C. J. Hopfer M. C. Stallings J. K. Hewitt 《Behavior genetics》2013,43(5):374-385
This study investigated the stability of genetic and environmental effects on the common liability to alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis dependence across adolescence and young adulthood. DSM-IV symptom counts from 2,361 adolescents were obtained using a structured diagnostic interview. Several sex-limited longitudinal common pathway models were used to examine gender differences in the magnitude of additive genetic (A), shared environment, and non-shared environmental effects over time. Model fitting indicated limited gender differences. Among older adolescents (i.e., age >14), the heritability of the latent trait was estimated at 0.43 (0.05, 0.94) during the first wave and 0.63 (0.21, 0.83) during the second wave of assessment. A common genetic factor could account for genetic influences at both assessments, as well as the majority of the stability of SAV over time [rA = 1.00 (0.55, 1.00)]. These results suggest that early genetic factors continue to play a key role at later developmental stages. 相似文献
17.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a complication of coronary artery disease and the leading cause of death in the Western world. MI is considered a distinct phenotype with an increased genetic component for its premature type. MI’s exact inheritance pattern is still unknown. Genome searches for identifying susceptibility loci for premature MI produced inconclusive or inconsistent results. Thus, a genome search meta-analysis (GSMA) was applied to available genome search data on premature MI. GSMA is a non-parametric method to identify genetic regions that rank high, on average in terms of linkage statistics across genome searches unweighted or weighted by study size. The significance of each region’s average and heterogeneity, unadjusted or adjusted by neighbouring average simulated ranks, was calculated using a Monte Carlo test. The meta-analysis involved five genome searches in Caucasians. Eight regions (6p22.3–6p21.1, 14p13–14q13.1, 13q33.1–13q34, 5p15.33–5p15.1, 8q13.2–8q22.2, 1p36.21–1p35.2, 12q24.31–12q24.33, 8q24.21–8q24.3) were found to have significant average rank by either unweighted or weighted analyses. In addition, region 8q24.21–8q24.3 produced significant low heterogeneity (P
unadjusted=0.03 and P
adjusted=0.05). Four regions (6p22.3–6p21.1, 14p13–14q13.1, 8q13.2–8q22.2, 8q24.21–8q24.3) were not identified by the individual studies. The meta-analysis suggests that these four regions should be further investigated for genes that confer susceptibility to MI. 相似文献
18.
Brett C. Haberstick Jeffery M. Lessem Matthew B. McQueen Jason D. Boardman Christian J. Hopfer Andrew Smolen John K. Hewitt 《Behavior genetics》2010,40(4):495-504
The transition between adolescence and young adulthood is a developmentally sensitive time where children are at an increased
risk for becoming overweight and developing obesity. Twin studies have reported that body mass index [BMI] is highly heritable,
however, it remains unclear whether the genetic influences are sex-limited and whether non-additive genetic influences contribute
to body mass index [BMI] during these ages. In the current report, we examined self-reported data on BMI in same [n = 2,744] and opposite-sex [n = 1,178] siblings participating in the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health [Add Health]. To investigate whether
the same or different genes contributed to BMI for both sexes, we fit quantitative sex-limited genetic models to three waves
of data collection. At each of the three Waves of assessment, models that included additive genetic, individual-specific environment,
and no sex-limited genetic influences fit the data most parsimoniously. Heritable effects on BMI at each of the three Waves
were large for both sexes and ranged between .75 and .86. While genetic contributions across the ages were highly correlated,
longitudinal analyses indicated that the relevant individual-specific environmental influences on BMI in adolescence and young
adulthood change sizably. These results underscore the importance of understanding early genetic influences on BMI and highlight
the role environmental experiences have at later ages when new genetic influences appear to make a small contribution to individual
variation in BMI. 相似文献
19.
Heritability of somatotype components from early adolescence into young adulthood: a multivariate analysis on a longitudinal twin study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peeters MW Thomis MA Claessens AL Loos RJ Maes HH Lysens R Vanden Eynde B Vlietinck R Beunen G 《Annals of human biology》2003,30(4):402-418
BACKGROUND: Several studies with different designs have attempted to estimate the heritability of somatotype components. However they often ignore the covariation between the three components as well as possible sex and age effects. Shared environmental factors are not always controlled for. AIM: This study explores the pattern of genetic and environmental determination of the variation in Heath-Carter somatotype components from early adolescence into young adulthood. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data from the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study, a longitudinal sample of Belgian same-aged twins followed from 10 to 18 years (n = 105 pairs, equally divided over five zygosity groups), is entered into a multivariate path analysis. Thus the covariation between the somatotype components is taken into account, gender heterogeneity can be tested, common environmental influences can be distinguished from genetic effects and age effects are controlled for. RESULTS: Heritability estimates from 10 to 18 years range from 0.21 to 0.88, 0.46 to 0.76 and 0.16 to 0.73 for endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy in boys. In girls, heritability estimates range from 0.76 to 0.89, 0.36 to 0.57 and 0.57 to 0.76 for the respective somatotype components. Sex differences are significant from 14 years onwards. More than half of the variance in all somatotype components for both sexes at all time points is explained by factors the three components have in common. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of substantial genetic influence on the variability of somatotype components is further supported. The need to consider somatotype as a whole is stressed as well as the need for sex- and perhaps age-specific analyses. Further multivariate analyses are needed to confirm the present findings. 相似文献
20.
Sarah E. Garcia Erin C. Tully Nicholas Tarantino Susan South William G. Iacono Matt McGue 《Journal of affective disorders》2013