Photic Maculopathy Secondary to Short-circuiting of a High-tension Electric Current

A 21-year-old man was exposed accidentally to the flash of a high-tension short circuit. He subsequently developed a yellow-gray foveolar lesion with mild central visual loss. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated the area of retinal pigment epithelial disruption and was used to follow its evolution over eight months. The energy level at the retina was estimated at 0.87 Joules/cm², insufficient to create a thermal burn. Therefore, although the patient suffered thermal facial burns, the foveolar lesion represents a photochemical injury to the retinal pigment epithelium and, hence, is similarto solar retinopathy, eclipse blindness, and arc-welder’s retinopathy     

Indocyanine green angiography pattern of congenital grouped albinotic retinal pigment epithelial spots

Congenital grouped albinotic retinal pigment epithelial spots (CGARPES) is a rare retinal pigment epithelium disease with multiple, white spots, generally involving the peripheral retina, with variable angiographic pattern. A 46-year-old male affected by CGARPES underwent fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green videoangiography. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated an early hyperfluorescence of the spots. A peculiar pattern was revealed by indocyanine green videoangiography. Indeed, during the early phases the spots were either not detectable on the choroidal background, or presented slightly hypofluorescent, whereas during the intermediate and the late phases some spots became progressively hyperfluorecent. The angiographic behavior on indocyanine green may be explained considering a gradual staining of the lesions, with a progressive binding between the indocyanine green molecule and the abnormal retinal pigment epithelium material.     

酒精中毒致视网膜色素上皮损伤观察

目的 观察急慢笥酒精中毒后视网膜色素上皮损伤情况。方法 对９例（１８眼）急慢性酒精中毒患者进行了眼底荧光血管造影（ＦＦＡ）及视觉电生理（ＥＲＧ,ＶＥＰ）检查。结果 ２例（４眼）急性酒精中毒者经药物治疗后视力完全恢复,１例（２眼０ＦＦＡ见双眼底视网膜色素上皮弥漫性损伤。慢性酒精中毒６例１２眼经药物后ＦＦＡ为双眼底视风纱上皮炎改变,ＥＲＧ,ＶＥＰ无好转。结论 急性酒精中毒引起的眼部改变大多时恢复,慢性     

大泡状视网膜脱离误诊及分析

探讨减少大泡状视网膜脱离误诊的方法。方法通过对６６例１０眼误诊病例,从误诊原因,病因,疾病特点,特别是眼底荧光血管造影表现等方面进行讨论,并与类似疾病比较。结果大泡状视网膜脱离有其特殊的临床表现和ＦＦＡ表现。结论ＦＦＡ是诊断大泡状视网膜脱离及鉴别其它眼病的必要手段。     

Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification in a 79-year-old woman

Sclerochoroidal calcification is an uncommon ocular condition usually seen in elderly patients. Lesions are typically bilateral and observed in the mid-peripheral fundus, frequently near the superotemporal arcade. It is often an incidental finding, observed as multiple ill-defined, elevated yellow plaque-like lesions, in otherwise asymptomatic patients.     

慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变视网膜色素上皮细胞萎缩轨迹的临床观察

目的 探讨慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(简称“中浆”)患者视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞萎缩轨迹的临床特征及发生原因.方法 回顾分析我院36例(51眼)慢性中浆患者的视力、眼底表现、眼底荧光血管造影特征,观察RPE细胞萎缩轨迹的特点及其与视力的关系.结果 慢性中浆患者的眼底主要表现为视盘颞侧黄斑区附近不同程度的RPE色素紊乱、RPE萎缩区域大小及形态不一,可见明显的朝向下方的RPE萎缩带.眼底荧光血管造影显示,RPE细胞萎缩表现为视网膜下不同形态的强荧光区域,为RPE细胞萎缩所致的透见荧光.RPE细胞的萎缩轨迹外观呈不同形态并呈重力依赖性.视力较差的患者黄斑中心凹均位于RPE萎缩区内,反之,视力较好的患者黄斑中心凹均未累及.结论 对于渗出较多、黄斑区长期处于视网膜神经上皮脱离状态、渗出病变吸收缓慢甚至吸收不明显的患者,应该采取积极的治疗措施,防止病变进展过程中因渗出的浆液导致黄斑区RPE细胞不可逆性萎缩.     

视网膜色素上皮炎的OCT图像与FAA图像对比性研究

目的 通过光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT）和眼底荧光血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA）观察视网膜色素上皮炎（retinal pigment epithelitis）患者视网膜影像学特征。方法 对临床诊断为视网膜色素上皮炎的82例145眼进行光学相干断层扫描检查，观察其病变区形态并测量病灶的高度和宽度，同时与眼底荧光血管造影对照。结果 视网膜色素上皮炎（retinal pigment epithelitis）的OCT图像，共有6种表现：（1）色素上皮断裂并视网膜下新生血管膜；（2）色素上皮脱离合并神经上皮脱离；（3）“沙漏”样神经上皮脱离；（4）隐匿性色素上皮脱离；（5）色素上皮脱失；（6）色素上皮增殖。结论 OCT同时辅助FFA可准确地诊断视网膜色素上皮炎。     

Retinal pigment epithelium decompensation. I. Clinical features and natural course

We studied 97 eyes (73 patients) that showed a sharp contrast between the grossly normal appearance of the posterior pole by funduscopy and the fluorescein angiography findings of multiple patches of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transmission defect in the early transit, associated with focal areas of RPE staining in the late transit. The staining was located primarily at the superior edge of the RPE defect (63 eyes). The average age of the patients was 52.2 years at the time of diagnosis, and the ratio of men to women was 3.5 to 1. Ocular histories were unremarkable, except for 27 eyes with documented central serous retinopathy. Thirty-two consecutive eyes have been followed for an average of 3.9 years, and 30 of those eyes have shown visual deterioration.     

高度近视黄斑病变分类及眼底血管造影特征分析

目的探讨高度近视黄斑病变的类型及荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA）特征。方法对诊断为高度近视黄斑病变的88例（125眼）患者行眼底彩色照相及FFA，分析其图像特征。结果高度近视黄斑病变根据其FFA表现可分为6种类型：（1）漆样裂纹性黄斑病变：25例36眼，占28．8％；（2）新生血管性高度近视黄斑病变．22例32眼。占25．6％；（3）漆样裂纹性黄斑出血：12例16眼，占12．8％；（4）高度近视性Fuchs斑：9例12眼，占9．6％；（5）高度近视性黄斑萎缩：14例23眼，占18．4％；（6）高度近视性黄斑裂孔：6例6眼，占4、8％．结论根据高度近视黄斑病变的FFA进行分类有助于明确病变性质、判断预后及指导治疗。【眼科新进展2007；27（2）：113-115】     

急性视网膜色素上皮炎眼底荧光血管造影与频域光相干断层扫描特征观察

目的　观察急性视网膜色素上皮炎（ａｃｕｔｅｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｉｔｉｓ,ＡＲＰＥ）的眼底荧光血管造影（ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎｆｕｎｄｕｓａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＦＦＡ）与频域光相干断层扫描（ｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌ-ｄｏｍａｉｎｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ）的图像特征。方法　回顾分析１３例临床确诊的ＡＲＰＥ患者的临床资料,均行视力、眼底彩色照相、ＦＦＡ以及ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ检查。分析ＡＲＰＥ患者ＦＦＡ与ＯＣＴ特征,依据ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ检查结果提出ＡＲＰＥ的三种分型。结果　１３例均单眼发病,眼底可见黄斑区灰白色斑点灶,周围环绕黄白色脱色素晕环。ＦＦＡ特征:早期可见黄斑区斑点状透见荧光灶,呈“葡萄簇”样;晚期２眼黄斑中心凹旁环形弱荧光灶,周围环形荧光素染色,呈“中黑外亮”特征。ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ特征:８眼表现为光感受器细胞内外节连接（ｉｎ-ｎｅｒ／ｏｕｔｅｒｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｏｆｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,ＩＳ／ＯＳ）与视网膜色素上皮（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ,ＲＰＥ）层间帽状高反射,ＩＳ／ＯＳ层连续;３眼表现为ＩＳ／ＯＳ层与ＲＰＥ层间帽状高反射,伴ＲＰＥ内层与ＩＳ／ＯＳ层连续性中断;２眼表现为ＲＰＥ内层不均匀渗出,伴ＲＰＥ内层与ＩＳ／ＯＳ层连续性中断。连续观察８周后１０眼ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ示ＲＰＥ内层帽状高反射消退,中断的ＲＰＥ内层与ＩＳ／ＯＳ层反射带恢复,３眼中断的ＲＰＥ内层未恢复,但ＩＳ／ＯＳ层反射带恢复,受损的视力也得到恢复。结论　ＳＤ-ＯＣＴ能特征性显示ＡＲＰＥ患者的ＲＰＥ内层损害与ＩＳ／ＯＳ层损害,对应ＦＦＡ则为环形透见荧光环,ＦＦＡ黄斑中央弱荧光则为ＯＣＴ显示的ＲＰＥ内层与ＩＳ／ＯＳ层渗出形成的帽状高反射。ＡＲＰＥ急性期视力下降与暂时性ＩＳ／ＯＳ层与ＲＰＥ内层反射带连续性中断相关。     

急性视网膜色素上皮炎的临床特征分析

目的：观察急性视网膜色素上皮炎( acute retinal pigment epitheltis,ARPE)的临床特征。方法：回顾性分析我院2008-01/2014-01以来临床确诊为ARPE 的36例40眼的临床资料。其中男21例(58.3%),男女比例为1：0.71。发病年龄17~60(平均40.92±7.13)岁。其中32例为单眼发病。 BCVA 0.3~1.0,平均0.50±0.26。所有患者均行BCVA(矫正视力)、眼底彩照、FFA(荧光素眼底血管造影)、OCT(相干光断层扫描)检查。 FFA表现为3种类型：I型为多个“中黑外亮”或“葡萄簇样”的荧光斑;Ⅱ型为I型病灶可见荧光渗漏;Ⅲ型病灶伴CNV形成。 OCT主要表现为以下三种形态：I型多个RPE(色素上皮)层反射断续、增殖病灶。Ⅱ型色素上皮脱离伴局限性神经上皮脱离。Ⅲ型前2型伴发脉络膜新生血管( CNV)。结果：眼底彩照表现为：所有40只患眼黄斑区或其附近均可见多个不连续的、暗灰色斑点伴周围淡晕环。 FFA表现为I型21眼;Ⅱ型17眼;Ⅲ型2眼,Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型与I型间比较BCVA平均值下降,比较有统计学差异( P<0.05)。而同型间不同形态的病例及Ⅱ、Ⅲ型间 BCVA 平均值比较,无统计学差异( P>0.05)。 OCT 主要表现为I型21眼,Ⅱ型17眼,Ⅲ型2眼。 I与Ⅱ、Ⅲ型病例间BCVA平均值比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),而Ⅱ、Ⅲ型病例间BCVA平均值比较无统计学差异( P>0.05)。结论：ARPE眼底主要表现为后极部多个不连续暗灰色病灶,视力损害程度与有无色素上皮屏障功能受破坏及病灶位置有关。 FFA及OCT可表现为3种类型,典型的FFA表现为“中黑外亮”或“葡萄簇样”的荧光斑,是诊断的依据。 OCT能清晰的显示病变各层的组织形态,对ARPE的诊断和鉴别诊断起到愈来愈重要的作用。     

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Detachment in Acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease: An Unusual Finding at Presentation

Purpose: To report the cases of two patients who presented with acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease and associated retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED).

Methods: 2 case reports. Case 1: A 22-year-old male patient complained of acute bilateral decrease in vision. Initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/63, OU. There was 1+ vitreous cells, OU, exudative retinal detachment (ERD) in the right eye (RE), and a macular deep yellow lesion suggestive of PED in the left eye (LE). Case 2: A 40-year-old female patient presented with bilateral vision blurring. BCVA was 20/40 in the RE and 20/32 in the LE. There was 1+ vitreous cells OU, bilateral optic disc swelling and retinal striae.

Results: Multimodal imaging showed features of acute VKH disease with associated PED in the two patients. ERD and PED resolved under oral prednisone and cyclosporine in both cases.

Conclusion: PED may rarely occur in acute VKH disease at presentation.     

氩激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑部病变的临床观察

报告２０例（３８眼）氩激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑部病变的初步观察结果。治疗组２０眼，对照组１８眼，随访时间３～７个月，治疗组视力进步３眼（１５％），治疗后荧光造影显示黄斑部渗漏消失或减轻，硬性渗出吸收，而对照组无自然好转，光凝治疗前后中心定量视野对比观察结果表明，黄斑部光凝不损伤黄斑中心凹视功能，光凝治疗区视野的平均光域值敏感度降低，光凝治疗对糖尿病性黄斑部病变局部代谢的改善，促进组织修复有一定临床意义     

Multimodal Imaging in Dengue-Fever-Associated Maculopathy

Dengue fever can cause ocular complications that may not be easily identified during a regular eye examination. A high degree of suspicion and multimodal imaging will help characterize the lesions during acute stages of the infection.     

Macular oedema and retinal neovascularisation in juvenile diabetics

Thirteen young diabetic patients with peripheral capillary non perfusion who presented with symptoms of mild maculopathy were reviewed retrospectively. In this group, peripheral retinal ischaemia was often overlooked and a rapidly progressive proliferative retinopathy developed. Fluorescein angiography of the peripheral retina showed capillary closure, but with preservation of arterioles and venules.In this series, half of the eyes lost vision. In seven eyes where the peripheral ischaemia was treated by pan retinal photocoagulation, the maculopathy resolved without any specific laser treatment to the macula.In young diabetics presenting with maculopathy, the peripheral retina should be examined for ischaemia, and if present, pan retinal laser photocoagulation should be performed. Focal treatment for the macular disease can be delayed until after the peripheral photocoagulation, as the maculopathy may remit.     

Ring-Shaped Subretinal Fibrinous Exudate in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Purpose

To clarify the pathologic changes of the ring-shaped, grayish white subretinal fibrinous exudate in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), we examined patients with fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods

Using OCT, we prospectively examined 13 consecutive patients (12 men, one woman) (13 eyes) with acute CSC. The fundi were scanned by OCT through the ring-shaped, grayish white lesion.

Results

FA showed focal dye leakage at the center of the ring-shaped, grayish white subretinal exudates. In the area of the exudates, OCT showed moderately or highly reflective masses bridging the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium in all eyes. Because the area of the pellucid core of the ring-shaped exudate showed an optically clear space beneath the neurosensory retina, the subretinal reflective masses were separated on cross-sectional images in all 13 eyes. Pigment epithelium detachment was observed in the area of the grayish white lesion by OCT and FA in 7 of the 13 eyes.

Conclusions

In eyes with a ring-shaped, grayish white exudate in CSC, OCT and FA findings indicate that the pellucid core of the exudate is the route of the exudative fluid from the choroid into the subretinal space. A surrounding grayish white lesion seems to be fibrinous exudate that has accumulated in the subretinal space. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:516–519 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005