18F-FDG PET/CT显像在结直肠癌术前分期中的价值

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在结直肠癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值。资料与方法 33例疑结直肠肿瘤患者均于手术治疗前行全身PET/CT扫描,将患者PET/CT检查结果与手术病理学检查结果进行比较分析。结果 PET/CT诊断结直肠癌原发灶的敏感性、准确性分别为100%和96.97%;PET/CT对术前结直肠癌侵犯局部浆膜、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期的准确性分别为75.00%、78.12%、96.87%和71.87%,经Kappa一致性检验,PET/CT上述诊断结果与手术病理学检查结果具有较好的一致性(0.429,0.559,0.920,0.619,P均<0.05)。结论结直肠癌18F-FDG PET/CT术前检查,是结直肠癌的术前临床分期中有效的影像学评价手段。     

The Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Preoperative Staging of Colorectal Cancer

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在结直肠癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值.资料与方法 33例疑结直肠肿瘤患者均于手术治疗前行全身PET/CT扫描,将患者PET/CT检查结果与手术病理学检查结果进行比较分析.结果 PET/CT诊断结直肠癌原发灶的敏感性、准确性分别为100％和96.97％;PET/CT对术前结直肠癌侵犯局部浆膜、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期的准确性分别为75.00％、78.12％、96.87％和71.87％,经Kappa一致性检验,PET/CT 上述诊断结果与手术病理学检查结果具有较好的一致性(0.429,0.559,0.920,0.619,P均＜0.05).结论 结直肠癌18F-FDG PET/CT术前检查,是结盲肠癌的术前临床分期中有效的影像学评价手段.     

双能量CT对结直肠癌区域淋巴结性质判定的临床研究

目的:探讨双源双能量CT扫描后碘图中碘浓度及碘图CT值(Overlay值)在结直肠癌转移淋巴结与炎性淋巴结鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:30例结直肠癌患者进行双源双能量CT扫描,分别将双能量动、静脉期增强扫描图像调入双能后处理软件“Liver VNC”,测量局域淋巴结实性部分的动、静脉两期的CT强化值、碘浓度及Overlay值.采用独立样本f检验进行比较,以P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义;并对其敏感性、特异性及受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)进行分析.结果:30例患者共检出105枚局域淋巴结,结直肠癌转移性淋巴结56枚,反应性增生49枚.结直肠癌转移淋巴结与反应性增生淋巴结动、静脉期强化CT值分别为(32.67±11.99)、(38.30±14.65)、(35.48±13.55)和(37.08±15.57)HU;碘浓度分别为(1.58±0.81)、(3.17±1.07)、(1.85±0.90)和(3.56±1.38) mg/mL;Overlay值分别为(35.41±14.66)、(59.58±21.20)、(41.19±14.74)和(65.52±21.46) HU.结直肠癌转移淋巴结与反应性增生淋巴结之间动静脉期碘含量及Overlay值及动脉期强化CT值差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),静脉期强化CT值差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05);且动静脉碘浓度诊断转移淋巴结的诊断效能最高(敏感性为88.9％,特异性为73.2％,AUC为0.895).结论:动脉期碘浓度结直肠癌转移淋巴及反应性增生淋巴结的影像鉴别诊断价值优于动、静脉期的于Overlay值及强化CT值.     

低张水灌肠MRI检查在结直肠癌的临床应用

目的 探讨低张水灌肠MRI在结直肠癌的临床价值.方法 采用低张水灌肠对34例临床拟诊结直肠癌的病例进行MRI检查,应用FSPGR T1WI, SSFSE、FIESTA脂肪抑制T2WI,DWI和LAVA增强扫描,评价肠壁肿瘤浸润、肠周淋巴结及远处转移情况,并与术后的病理结果进行对照.结果 MRI判断T分期的准确率为76.5%(26/34), 其中,T1～2期的准确率为42.9%(3/7),T3期的准确率为72.7%(8/11),T4期的准确率为93.7%(15/16).评价肿瘤肠壁外侵犯的敏感性为95.0%,特异性为71.4%,阳性预测值为82.6%,阴性预测值为90.9%.判断淋巴结转移的敏感性为88.0%,特异性为55.6%,阳性预测值为84.6%,阴性预测值为62.5%.结论 MRI可全面评价结直肠癌的部位、侵犯程度、区域淋巴结及远处转移情况.     

多排螺旋CT双体位检查对结直肠癌术前评估的价值再探

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)双体位检查对结直肠癌术前分期的价值.材料和方法:搜集102例经肠镜确诊的直肠癌患者行MSCT仰卧、俯卧位扫描,扫描前清洁肠道,并经肛门注气,扫描范围从膈顶至耻骨联合下缘.102例结直肠癌患者全部经肠镜或手术病理证实,全部病例均有手术、术前MSCT、术后病理等完整资料参与分期研究,将影像诊断结果与手术病理结果进行对照.结果:MSCT总的分期准确率82.4%(84/102),判断T、N、M分期的准确率分别是93.1%(95/102)、83.3%(85/102)、99.0%(101/102),判断淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为93.9%和88.7%.结论:MSCT双体位扫描对直肠癌的术前分期有重要价值,有助于判断肿瘤浆膜外侵犯及区域淋巴结转移情况.     

MRI和CT对原发直肠癌术前N分期的诊断研究

目的 研究MRI和增强CT图像对直肠癌局部淋巴结转移的诊断效能.方法 选择本院1年内连续的51例经活检病理证实并手术切除的原发直肠癌(腺癌)的患者,男29例,女22例(年龄27～83岁,平均60.7岁±13.9岁).其中27例患者术前行MRI检查,43例患者术前行CT检查,其中有19例患者同时做了MRI和CT检查.根据MRI中的T2WI和DWI序列以及增强CT图像对淋巴结进行术前N分期.所有患者都于MRI及CT检查后行原发直肠癌根治性手术,术后标本送病理,对直肠周围脂肪组织内局部淋巴结的转移情况进行影像学和组织病理学的N分期对照.结果 51例患者术后病理N分期为:31例有淋巴结转移(N1～2)、20例无淋巴结转移(N0).MRI和CT对淋巴结转移预测的敏感性(68.75% vs 61.54%)、特异性(63.63% vs 64.71%)、阳性预测值(73.33% vs 72.73%)、阴性预测值(58.33% vs 52.38%)和准确性(66.67% vs 62.79%)都比较相近(95%置信区间重叠),MRI对淋巴结转移预测的约登指数高于CT(0.32 vs 0.26).结论 MRI T2WI和DWI序列对原发直肠癌的术前局部N分期的诊断效能优于CT.     

磁共振DWIBS在结直肠癌术后评估中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振背景抑制扩散加权成像(DWIBS)在结直肠癌术后评估中的价值.方法 对71例病理证实为结直肠癌并术后的患者均行常规MRI及DWIBS检查.回避囊变坏死区,测量病变区与邻近正常组织在常规MRI及DWIBS中的信号强度(SI)、背景噪声标准差(SD)及表观扩散系数(ADC)值,计算分别在T1WI、T2-STIR、DWIBS中病灶的对比噪声比.判断常规MRI及DWIBS在结直肠癌术后评估中的准确性、敏感性及特异性.结果 DWIBS对结直肠癌术后复发诊断的敏感性为100％,准确性为95％,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.871(P＜0.05).复发组信号强度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),ADC值明显小于对照组(P＜0.05).DWIBS对术后淋巴结转移诊断的敏感性为96.29％,AUC为0.934(P ＜0.05).最小淋巴结短径约0.5 cm.对术后肝转移的检出率为94％;＜1.0 cm小病灶,常规MR1序列检出率为61％ (51/84),DWIBS检出率为90％ (76/84).AUC为0.903(P＜0.05).结论 DWIBS对结直肠癌术后复发、淋巴结转移及以肝脏转移为主的远处转移的监测敏感性较高,是术后评估的有效方法.     

USPIO增强MRI应用于结直肠癌淋巴结微转移的研究进展

淋巴结微转移是早期结直肠癌根治术后复发、转移的可能原因,超小超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)磁共振增强淋巴结靶向成像技术可以用于检测淋巴结的微转移.从淋巴结靶向对比剂USPIO的结构和药代动力学、增强成像原理、MRI检查方法、影像分析和诊断标准以及不足等几个方面予以综述.     

联合检测CEA、CA19-9在结直肠癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨用化学发光法检测CEA和CA19-9在结直肠癌诊断中应用价值.方法:用化学发光法测定29例结直肠癌患者46例良性疾病患者和20例健康人群血清CFA和CA19-9含量.结果:癌变组CEA和CA19-9含量明显高于良性对照组和健康对照组,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05),其中敏感性、特异性、有效性分别为65.5%、92.4%、84.2%和51.7%、95.4%和82.1%,联合检测的敏感性、特异性、有效性分别为82.8%、90.9%、88.4%.结论:联合检测CEA和CA19-9有利于结直肠癌临床诊断,可提高其敏感性和有效性.     

CT、MR对盆腔结、直肠癌术前TN分期的应用价值

目的通过与手术后病理分期对照,比较盆腔CT与MRI对结、直肠癌分期的价值。方法回顾总结经手术治疗的盆腔结直肠癌患者资料51例,术前2-3天内均行盆腔CT与MRI平扫检查。根据CT轴位平扫、增强扫描、冠状位及矢状位重建和MRI中的T2WI、DWI序列轴位、矢状位及冠状位图像进行术前TN分期,并与病理结果比较。结果盆腔CT判断T分期正确40例,总的准确率78.4%,与病理分期比较达到中高度一致,Kappa值=0.642;盆腔MRI判断T分期正确46例,总的准确率90.2%,与病理分期比较达到高度一致,Kappa值=0.808。51例患者N分期为:25例无淋巴结转移,26例有淋巴结转移,盆腔CT与盆腔MRI判断淋巴结转移的准确率为(58.8%vs 66.7%)、敏感性为(53.8%vs 65.4%)、特异性(64%vs 68%)、阳性预测值(53.8%vs 65.4%)、阴性预测值(61.5%vs 68%)都比较相近,盆腔MR对淋巴结转移预测的约等指数高于CT(0.334vs 0.178)。结论 MRI能有效提高结、直肠癌进行术前T分期的准确性,对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。