中国龋病预防现状与未来学术论坛在京举行

由中华口腔医学会主办、高露洁棕榄（中国）有限公司支持的“中国龋病预防现状与未来学术论坛”2010年6月10日在北京举行。与会专家坦言,不良口腔卫生习惯及生活方式是导致中国居民龋患率居高不下的主要原因。专家建言：预防龋齿有“五大妙招”——刷牙、窝沟封闭、减少或控制饮食中的糖、使用含氟牙膏、定期检查牙齿。     

上海市青浦区凤溪镇和江西省新余市良山镇居民口腔卫生状况和龋患的调查与比较

目的:调查上海市青浦区凤溪镇和江西省新余市良山镇居民的口腔卫生与龋患率,比较我国经济发达与不发达农村人口的口腔状况和口腔卫生习惯及保健意识,并分析龋齿受各因素的影响。方法:应用菌斑染色剂,问、视、探诊结合,并对每人进行问卷调查。结果:两地各调查250人,凤溪镇龋均为0.14,良山镇龋均为0.20,后者六龄牙DMFT明显高于前者。口腔卫生不良者:凤溪镇209人,良山镇198人;良好者:凤溪镇41人,良山镇52人。经统计,患龋率与刷牙次数和个人口腔保健的重视程度成反比,井水的使用和饮茶也可降低患龋率,但患龋率与个人口腔卫生状况、嗜零食程度和刷牙时间的关系不密切。结论:良山镇的龋患率高于凤溪镇,但两地的口腔卫生均较差。     

西安市临潼区出土2200年前人龋病研究

目的:通过调查西安市临潼区出土2 200年前人牙齿的龋病流行情况,为研究龋病的发生发展规律提供依据。方法:对61例临潼区出土颅骨的999个牙齿进行详细的龋病情况观察,计算出总患龋率、不同年龄组龋齿率、不同牙位组龋齿率、不同牙面部位组龋齿率、不同年龄组龋患程度的龋齿率及不同年龄组不同性别的龋齿率进行统计学分析。结果:①本研究中有年龄标识的颅骨共43例,患龋率79.07%,龋齿率21.20%,龋均3.95。不同年龄组间龋齿率有显著性差异(P<0.05);各年龄组内不同性别间龋齿率无显著性差异(P>0.05);不同年龄组间龋患程度无显著性差异(P>0.05);②999个牙齿中共有199个龋齿,从龋患的牙位分布看,下颌第三磨牙﹥上颌第三磨牙﹥下颌第二磨牙﹥上颌第二磨牙,上颌与下颌组间龋齿率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。从龋患的牙面部位分布看,牙齿根面(颈部)龋最多,占总患龋牙面数的37.15%;其次为邻面龋,占35.37%。结论:龋病在战国中晚期至先秦时期普通人群中已经较为常见,但患龋率较现代人低,龋病的发生率随着人类不断进化和社会文明的进步而不断提高。     

2390名小学生龋病调查

目的了解小学生龋齿患病情况,更好地开展口腔卫生保健。方法辖区4所小学学生2 390人,由经过培训的牙科医生采用口内直视法进行检查。结果患龋率为37.62%,女生患龋率高于男生。龋齿治疗率仅为4.48%,恒牙龋治疗率高于乳牙龋。结论学生及家长对龋病危害认识不足,口腔卫生保健应从小抓起,要提倡正确的刷牙方法,学校应定期开展普查普治工作,早期发现龋齿,以利及时治疗。     

2648名青少年龋齿的调查分析

目的 通过对2 648名中专生龋齿状况的流行病学调查,了解14～18岁年龄段的青少年龋齿的发病情况。方法 对14～18岁 2 648名中专新生进行口腔龋齿及口腔卫生状况的调查。结果 2 648名青少年龋患率经统计学分析具有城市高于农村,女性高于男性,刷牙次数少者高于刷牙次数多者的特点。龋齿的患病率第二次高峰期处于15～16岁。结论 防治青少年时期的龋病,应加强口腔卫生知识宣教。     

儿童龋病发病现状及相关危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的分析儿童龋病发病现状及相关危险因素Logistic回归分析。方法选择来我院体检以及就诊儿童为研究对象,采用问卷调查方式搜集儿童资料,分析儿童龋病发病现状和相关危险因素。结果共检查322例儿童,其中患龋病132例,总体患龋率为41.0%,上颌患龋率(29.5%)显著低于下颌患龋率(70.5%),P<0.05。龋病组患儿年龄、性别无统计学差异(P>0.05),嗜好甜食、睡前刷牙习惯以及刷牙频率等因素差异明显(P<0.05),Logistic回归分析显示嗜好甜食、口腔保健知识缺乏、刷牙时间过短是引起儿童龋病危险因素(P<0.05)。结论儿童患病水平较高,口腔卫生行为较差,建议定期组织小儿进行口腔检查,普及口腔保健教育。     

"摩梭人"龋病流行状况及口腔保健知识的调查

目的 :本调查旨在了解“摩梭人”龋患情况及对龋病相关知识的认识。方法 :选择“摩梭人”886人 ,男 389人 ,女 4 97人。口腔专业人员进行问卷和口腔内检查 ,用WHO(1997)口腔健康调查表 ,记录每户家庭内受检者的龋、失、补牙数 (DMFT)以及对龋病相关知识的认识。采用龋均 (XDMFT)和患龋率 (cariesprevalencerate)来描述受检人群龋病的严重程度。结果 :调查发现龋病常在家族中流行 ,该人群的龋患率为 4 8% ,龋均为 4 .9。其中女性的患龋率明显高于男性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。女性龋均为 6 .95± 0 .5 ,患龋率 86 .9% ;男性龋均为 1.6 5± 0 .3,患龋率为 11.4 % ,男女之间每天刷牙及饮食习惯无明显差异。调查群体大部分缺乏对龋病病因及如何预防等知识的认识。结论 :“摩梭人”口腔卫生状况很差 ,龋患情况较严重 ,龋病的发生有明显的性别特征。在该地区应积极开展防龋工作 ,重视口腔卫生保健知识宣传教育工作 ,提高“摩梭人”的口腔自我保健意识。     

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目的了解福州市12岁学生龋病患病情况,为福州市口腔卫生保健工作及龋病的防治工作提供科学依据。方法于2010年10月,福州市第一医院口腔科按第六次全国学生体质健康调研工作的要求,随机抽调福州市城乡中小学12岁的学生共555名进行龋病的流行病学调查,以患龋率、龋均和龋齿充填率、显著性龋均指数为统计指标,采用SPSS17.0统计软件对结果进行统计分析。结果福州市12岁学生的患龋率为29.7%,受检者龋均为0.53,患龋者龋均为1.78,龋齿充填率为20.1%,显著性龋均指数为2.79。城区和乡镇的学生患龋率分别为25.3%和33.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.800,P=0.028);龋均分别为0.37和0.46,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.031,P>0.05);龋齿充填率分别为23.4%和17.5%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.605,P=0.205)。男生和女生的患龋率分别为26.9%和32.7%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.284,P=0.131);龋均分别为0.34和0.49,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.322,P<0.05);龋齿充填率分别为20.5%和19.8%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.023,P=0.879)。结论福州市12岁学生总体患龋率不高,但充填率低,乡镇学生的患龋率高于城区。今后预防保健工作应注意提高龋齿治疗率,特别是乡镇学生的龋齿预防和保健工作仍需加强。     

济南市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况及其家长口腔保健知识调查

目的探讨济南市学龄前儿童乳牙的患龋情况及与其家长口腔卫生知识认知度的相关性,为针对性开展儿童口腔保健工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段、分层、随机抽样的方法,在济南市4个地区的幼儿园(城乡各2个)抽取学龄前儿童共538人,城市儿童282人,农村儿童256人。运用世界卫生组织《口腔健康调查基本方法》诊断标准进行乳牙龋病情况检查,并对受检者家长行口腔保健行为问卷调查。结果学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率为71.95%,龋均(dmft)3.84,城市儿童乳牙患龋率为62.18%,农村儿童为81.72%,两者之间具有统计学差异(P<0.01);学龄前儿童进食含糖食品的频率偏高,农村儿童进食碳酸饮料、果汁、糖果等方面的频率高于城市儿童,城市儿童开始刷牙时间早于农村儿童,刷牙频率和使用含氟牙膏的比例均高于农村儿童;学龄前儿童家长的口腔卫生知识认知度相对不足,知晓率为59.48%,其中城市家长(66.07%)要好于农村家长(52.88%),城乡对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况与家长口腔卫生知识认识度呈正相关。济南市亟待加强儿童家长尤其是农村家长的口腔卫生知识的宣传教育。     

3--6岁儿童龋齿患病情况调查及相关因素分析

目的了解呼和浩特市3～6岁儿童龋齿发病情况及影响龋齿的相关因素,为学龄前儿童防治龋病提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,随机抽取6所幼儿园的1358名3-6岁儿童进行口腔龋齿检查,并对其口腔卫生、生活习惯等进行问卷调查。使用Epidata3．0软件录入问卷,SPSS15．0进行统计分析。结果1358名儿童乳牙龋患率为51．3％,6岁组儿童龋患率较高为68．3％,龋均为2．77,不同性别龋齿患病率无统计学差异（P〉0．5）。经多因素分析,发现年龄、喂养方式、早晚坚持刷牙、甜食摄入及家长对口腔健康的重视程度与儿童龋患有着密切关系。结论本地区学龄前儿童龋齿患病率较高,应加大健康教育宣传力度,家长定期检查口腔卫生问题,促使儿童尽早刷牙,控制儿童龋齿患病率。     

Dental health behaviour in relation to caries status among medical and dental undergraduate students of Udaipur district,India

To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2008.00346.x
Kumar S, Motwani K, Dak N, Balasubramanyam G, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Dental health behaviour in relation to caries status among medical and dental undergraduate students of Udaipur district, India. Abstract: Objective: To compare the caries status and oral hygiene behaviour of dental and medical students and to assess the influence of oral hygiene behaviour on the caries status. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour along with clinical examination to asses the caries status. A total of 403 dental and medical students enrolled with Rajasthan University of Health Sciences of Udaipur district, India were recruited in the study. Results: 56.4% of dental students brushed their teeth twice daily compared to 38.5% of medical students. There was no significant difference between the mean decayed components of males and females of dental stream, whereas among medical subjects, males had a higher decayed score than females (P = 0.012). The mean behaviour score obtained by dental students (19.38) was greater than that of medical students (18.34). Moreover, medical students presented a higher decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score (1.96) than dental students (1.16). Subjects who had a habit of brushing after every meal showed lower DMFT score (1.4) than those who brushed only once a day (1.64). Step‐wise linear regression analysis revealed that course of education and final behaviour score were the best predictors for the DMFT status. Conclusion: This study revealed significant differences between the oral hygiene behaviour and caries status of dental and medical students; furthermore, caries status was significantly influenced by the oral hygiene behaviour.     

Dental Caries Prevalence and Oral Health Status among 15-Year- Old Adolescents in Kosovo

IntroductionCaries has a harmful impact on oral and general health and is a major public health problem among children and adolescents. The objective of present study was to investigate into dental caries, oral hygiene, the frequency of brushing habits and dental visits among 15- year- old adolescents.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on a random sample of 323 15- year- old adolescents in different schools and municipalities of Kosovo. Oral clinical examination and self-administered questionnaire were used to obtain information about dental caries and oral health practices. Oral hygiene and caries status in permanent dentition was assessed through the DMFT index and Oral Hygiene Index - Simplified (OHI-S). The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsThe total mean of the DMFT index was 3.21 ± 2.193, while component D of the DMFT index dominated in both genders, with slightly higher values in boys compared to girls (2.15±2.092, and 1.91±1.919). The mean OHI-S index of adolescents aged 15 was found to be 1.945±3.926. Over 50% of schoolchildren brush their teeth only once per day and they have visited the dentist only when it was necessary. Irregular tooth-brushing, dental visits and poor oral hygiene index were significantly related to dental caries.ConclusionThe results of the study showed poor oral health status among 15- year- old adolescents in Kosovo. There is an emergent need for caries-prevention programs focusing on oral health and healthy habits.Key words: Dental Caries, Oral Hygiene Index, Tooth brushing, Dental Visits, Adolescents     

Oral health status of male prisoners in Italy

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of dental and root caries, periodontal conditions, and prosthetic status of prison inmates. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Penal institutions in the Calabria region (Italy). PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 544 prisoners. METHODS: Participants underwent a structured interview by trained interviewers and a dental examination. RESULTS: Only 2% had no history of caries. Mean DMFT and DMFS were 9.8 and 37.6 and missing teeth was the most prevalent component of the DMFT. Higher DMFT was found among older prisoners, having regular dental attendance, higher plaque index, and in those with a lower frequency of a tooth brushing habit. Conservative care and extractions were required by 61.9% and 33.3%. The mean plaque and gingival indices were 0.74 and 0.75; 10.5% had healthy periodontal tissues. The highest number of individuals was classified as having a CPI of 2, whereas 5% had at least one sextant with a CPI score of 4. Deep pockets were more likely in older subjects and in those with a lower frequency of a tooth brushing habit. A minimum of oral hygiene instruction was needed by 89.6%. Seven subjects were edentulous and 85.1% had a prosthetic treatment need. CONCLUSIONS: This survey emphasises the need for programmes to improve the oral health of prisoners.     

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目的了解沈阳市12岁学生12腔健康状况、口腔健康行为和口腔保健资源利用情况,为沈阳市学生12腔预防适宜措施的进一步实施提供依据。方法于2010年1月,沈阳市12腔医院和沈阳市牙病预防保健所采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取沈阳市市内5个区12岁学生880名,男女各半。参照《WHO口腔健康调查标准（第4版）》,检查他们全口恒牙牙冠龋病情况,统计患龋率、龋均等。此外,参考《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学问卷调查方案》,设计15个问卷题目,对440名受检学生进行现场询问,了解他们口腔饮食行为、I：2腔卫生行为、利用口腔医疗服务行为等。结果12岁学生恒牙患龋率为32．50％,龋均为0．56,牙龈出血及牙石检出率分别为45．91％和43．07％。每天刷牙1～2次者为91．17％,含氟牙膏使用率为80．30％。在看牙原因调查中以定期口腔健康检查及接受口腔预防措施为目的者占28．00％,仅占有效问卷数的8．56％。结论沈阳市12岁学生恒牙龋齿预防工作取得显著成绩,患龋率和龋均呈下降趋势,但牙龈出血和牙石检出率仍较高。学生口腔健康行为中,刷牙情况和含氟牙膏使用情况良好,但定期检查及采用预防措施行为不能令人满意。提示应重视组织适应目标人群心理特点的健康教育活动和对家长进行口腔健康教育,以促进12岁学生口腔健康行为的建立和巩固。     

Oral hygiene and associated factors among frail older assisted living residents

The aim of this study was to determine the associations of older assisted living residents’ tooth brushing habits with health and nutritional status. We assessed the tooth brushing habits, nutritional status, oral health, use of dental services, and morbidity of 1,447 assisted living residents in the Helsinki metropolitan area of Finland. Of the residents, 17% did not clean or had not cleaned their teeth and/or dentures daily. Those not cleaning their teeth and/or dentures daily were more often male, less educated and had a mean length of stay in assisted living longer than those who cleaned their teeth and/or dentures daily. They were more often malnourished and dependent in ADLs. In addition they more often had poorer oral health and used fewer dental services. Poor tooth brushing habits indicate poor oral and subjective health. More attention should focus on the oral hygiene of frail older assisted living residents.     

Oral Health Knowledge and Habits of Senior Elementary School Students

Despite improvements in children's dental health, and significant resource allocation to health education programs, few recent studies have investigated the associations of oral health knowledge, behaviors, and status. This study of 11-year-old children (N = 6,329) in northeastern Ontario used a supervised self-complete questionnaire and a clinical examination to gather baseline data on, and test associations of, caries and periodontal knowledge, self-reported oral health behaviors and source of knowledge, and oral health status. Results show the children had poor knowledge of caries preventive measures such as water fluoridation, dental sealants, and choice of snack foods. Periodontal knowledge was better, but children confused plaque and calculus. Respondents claimed good oral health habits, with 73 percent claiming to brush at least twice daily, 88 percent claiming to use toothpaste, 42 percent claim to floss at least twice weekly, and 84 percent claiming an annual dental visit. Children with the best knowledge claimed dentist and school as the sources. High knowledge was associated with good oral health habits (P less than .001) and low DMFT score (P less than .001). Good habits were not related to DMFT score (P = .1095). Logistic regression showed high knowledge was associated with English cultural status, urban school area, good habits, having a dental sealant, and attending a fluoride-rinse school (P less than .05). Findings suggest a need to reinforce caries preventive teaching, to investigate the effect of cultural status, dental experience, and residence status on oral health knowledge, and to further test the efficacy of different oral health education programs delivered by different sources.     

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??Objective    To investigate the oral health status of 6??20-year old visually impaired students in Shenyang and analyze the risk factors of caries. Methods    Oral health status??oral health knowledge and related behavioral habits of 103 students were surveyed by questionaires. The risk factors of caries were analyzed through logistic regression analysis. Results    Caries prevalence rate was 78.64%??and the total mean DMFT was 2.43 ± 2.75. The rate of gingival bleeding and dental calculus was 44.66% and 67.96% respectively. Malocclusion rate was 49.51%. Female students had significantly higher dental caries experience than the male ones??P??0.05??. Logistic regression analysis indicated that caries experience was related to the education degree of their mothers and the experience of toothache. Brushing teeth properly with fluoride toothpaste could reduce the incidence of dental caries. Conclusion    Oral health of visually impaired students is poor. Oral health education and promotion measures should be emphasized among disabled students.     

沈阳市部分视力残疾学生口腔健康状况及其与龋病相关影响因素分析

目的    调查沈阳市盲校学生龋病、牙周病和错牙合畸形状况,探讨残疾学生患龋相关影响因素,为口腔疾病的综合干预提供基线资料。方法    采用第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准和方法,2014年对沈阳市盲校103名6 ~ 20岁视力残疾学生进行口腔健康状况临床检查及口腔相关知识和行为习惯的问卷调查,通过logistic回归分析龋病影响因素。结果    103名视力残疾学生患龋率为78.64%,龋均为2.43 ± 2.75;牙龈出血检出率和牙石检出率分别为44.66%和67.96%;49.51%视力残疾学生存在错牙合畸形。女生患龋状况明显比男生严重（P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,母亲学历和牙疼经历是龋病的危险因素,使用含氟牙膏刷牙是预防龋病的保护因素。结论    视力残疾学生患龋率高,牙周状况较差,错牙合畸形严重,学校应加强对残疾学生的口腔宣教,并采取干预措施预防口腔疾病的发生。     

Dental caries and dental health behavior of patients with primary Sjögren syndrome

This comprehensive study was carried out to describe and analyze the oral health status, perceived oral health problems, patients' costs, and oral health behavior in a group of patients with primary Sj?gren syndrome (PSS). In particular, the objective of this report was to assess whether Sj?gren syndrome patients had more dental caries experience than a control group. Data were collected by means of interviews and clinical oral examinations. The study comprised 53 patients with PSS and a control group of 53 persons matched by age. Among the younger patients the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) was 22.3, compared with 18.8 among controls (P< 0.05). In parallel, the DMFT in the old-age PSS patients was 26.2, against a DMFT of 22.1 for controls (P< 0.001). On average, the young patients had seven teeth missing, whereas two missing teeth were found among controls (P < 0.01). PSS patients had more frequent dental visits--every 3-4 months (40%)--than controls (19%). In parallel, 78% of the PSS patients brushed their teeth more than twice daily, compared with 28% of the control group. The PSS patient group reported having had more teeth extracted, more trouble with their teeth during lifetime, and higher expenses for dental treatment than controls. In spite of the more regular oral health care practices than the general population, PSS patients had experienced more dental caries and more radical dental treatment. It is suggested that the National Health Insurance should give emphasis to preventive care to patients with PSS.