Macroscopic aspects of wound healing (contraction and epithelialisation) after topical administration of allicin in dogs

Macroscopical aspects of second-intention healing of full-thickness excisional wounds were studied in five normal male mixed-breed dogs. Test wounds were treated topically with allicin 0.5% in methyl cellulose gel, and control wounds were treated with methyl cellulose gel only. Wound treatment started 24 h after wounding. The wounds were evaluated over a 4-week period. At days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24 and 28, digital photographs were taken of all wounds. Rulers were held vertically and horizontally close to the wound as a reference. The area of epithelialisation and granulation tissue were measured for each wound using Scion Image software. Percentage wound contraction, epithelialisation and healing were calculated for each wound. Initially, all wound areas increased in size. After the initial enlargement, wound areas decreased rapidly in size between days 7 and 17 in both the test and control groups. Epithelialisation was first noticed at day 3 in control and day 5 in the test wounds. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialisation and healing between the test and control wounds (P> 0.05).     

Effects of Zn-7® on open wound healing in dogs

Analysis of the accelerating effects of open wound healing by Zn-7 gel compared with normal saline was carried out in dogs. Five normal male, mixed breed dogs approximately 3 years old were selected. Histological and macroscopic aspects of second-intention wound healing were studied. Two rectangular, full-thickness skin wounds (20 × 30 mm) were created symmetrically on each dog at both sides of the dorsal midline at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Left wounds were treated with Zn-7 gel (test group) and right wounds were treated with normal saline (control group) twice daily. Photographs were taken twice a week. Rulers were held vertically and horizontally close to the wound as a reference. The area of epithelialization and granulation tissue were measured for each wound, using the Scion Image software. Percentage wound contraction, epithelialization, and healing were calculated for each wound. No significant differences were observed in wound contraction, epithelialization and healing in the test and control groups (P > 0.05). At day 35 after initial wounding, biopsies were taken from wounds for histological examination. There were no significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells, fibrocyte, or amount of the fibrin and collagen (P > 0.05) between the test and control wounds.     

Effect of collagen cross-linking inhibition by local application of beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate on wound contraction and healing (macroscopic study)

Wound contraction is a major component of second-intention wound healing. The mechanism of this process is not completely understood. Two theories have been described for the mechanism of the wound contraction. To evaluate the collagen cross-linking inhibition on wound contraction, the present study was carried out. Macroscopical aspects of second-intention healing of full-thickness, excisional wounds were studied in five normal male mixed-breed dogs. Under general anesthesia, two full-thickness skin wounds (20 × 20 mm) were created on the back of each dog symmetrically. Left-side wounds (test group) and right-side wounds (control group) were treated topically with beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate 5 mg/ml in methyl cellulose gel and methyl cellulose gel, respectively. Wounds were treated starting at 24 h after wounding and continued for ten successive days. The wounds were evaluated over a 4-week period. At the days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28, digital photographs were taken of all wounds. Rulers were held vertically and horizontally close to the wound as a reference. The area of the epithelialization and granulation tissue were measured for each wound using Scion Image software. Percent of the wound contraction, epithelialization, and healing were calculated for each wounds. Wound contraction, epithelialization, and healing were significantly decreased in the wounds treated by beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrated that the collagen and collagen cross-linking play a key role in the wound contraction and healing during the first 10 days of the wound healing.     

Role of collagen cross-linking on equine wound contraction and healing

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of collagen cross-linking inhibition on equine wound contraction and healing. In five male adult donkeys, two full-thickness skin wounds (20 × 20 mm in diameter) were created on the lateral aspect of forelimbs, at the mid-point between the carpal and fetlock joints under general anesthesia. Two other wounds were created on the neck of each donkey symmetrically. Left-side wounds (test group) and right-side wounds (control group) were treated topically with beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate, 5 mg/ml, added to methyl cellulose gel and only methyl cellulose gel, respectively. Treatment of wounds were started at 24 h after wounding and continued every other day for ten successive days. The wounds were evaluated over a 3-week period. On days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21, digital photographs were taken of all wounds after careful shaving to visualize the wound margin. Rulers were held vertically and horizontally close to the wound as a reference. Epithelialization and granulation tissue formation were measured for each wound using Scion Image software. Percentage of the wound contraction, epithelialization, and healing were calculated for each wounds. At the end of the study, biopsy was taken from the center of each wound for hydroxyproline measurement and the same corner of each wound for histopathological examination. Macroscopic evaluation revealed significant differences in wound contraction and healing process between test and control groups in wounds located in neck (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in percent of epithelialization at the same area (P > 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the percent of wound contraction and healing between the test and control groups in wounds located in the forelimb (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in percent of epithelialization at this area (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between median of hydroxyproline levels of left and right wounds in forelimb and neck (P > 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed no significant differences between median of epithelialization, inflammatory infiltration, presence of dermal granulation tissue, fibroblast proliferation, arrangement of fibroblasts, collagen deposition, and collagen bundle formation scores in the specimens prepared from left and right wounds in forelimb and neck (P > 0.05). Our data demonstrated that collagen cross-linking could play a key role in equine wound contraction and healing at the limb and neck area.     

Effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on cutaneous regeneration and wound healing in dogs treated with dexamethasone

To evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on cutaneous regeneration and wound healing in dogs treated with dexamethasone, the present study was undertaken. Under general anesthesia, six full-thickness skin wounds were created on the back of five male adult dogs symmetrically. Left side wounds were left without any treatment, and right side wounds were treated topically with PRP jelly. Six days before creating the wounds, dogs received dexamethasone, 0.5 mg/kg IM, and every other day up to day 8 after wounding. For macroscopic evaluation, digital photographs were taken from wounds. In days 10, 17, and 24 after wounding, skin biopsies were taken from the center and corner of each wounds for hydroxyproline measurement and histopathological evaluation. No significant difference was seen in the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization, and healing between test and control groups during the study (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between median of hydroxyproline levels between left and right wounds in dogs treated with dexamethasone (P > 0.0.5). There were no significant differences between median of epithelialization, inflammatory cell infiltration, presence of dermal granulation tissue, fibroblast proliferation, arrangement of fibroblasts, collagen deposition, and collagen bundle formation scores, in the specimens of left and right wounds (P > 0.05). The results of the present study demonstrated that PRP did not have significant effects to promote cutaneous regeneration and wound healing in dogs treated with dexamethasone at least 16 days after last injection.     

羧甲基壳聚糖膜促进大鼠微粒皮移植创面愈合的实验研究

目的：本研究旨在评估羧甲基壳聚糖膜取代异体皮作为微粒皮移植载体促进创面愈合的作用。方法28只大鼠中,每次随机抽取2只大鼠配对同时手术,在大鼠背部两侧制作直径25 mm、对称圆形全层皮肤缺损创面各1个,两侧创面分别设为实验组和对照组,均移植自体微粒皮,对照组创面覆盖相互配对大鼠的异体皮,实验组创面覆盖羧甲基壳聚糖膜。于术后7、11、14 d 观察记录各组创面愈合时间,并于术后7、14、19 d 采集创面组织行组织病理学检查。结果实验组的羧甲基壳聚糖膜覆盖下微粒皮能够成活,且能修复创面。实验组创面平均愈合时间为（15.6±2.0）d,短于对照组创面平均愈合时间为（18.8±1.9）d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t =8.987,P〈0.05）。组织切片结果显示：羧甲基壳聚糖膜覆盖下微粒皮修复的新生表皮层生长较异体皮覆盖下新生表皮厚。结论羧甲基壳聚糖膜作为生物敷料,能够有效地保护创面,提供微粒皮修复创面的微环境。可用于取代异体皮覆盖微粒皮移植的创面。     

The healing effect of soybean and avocado mixture on knee cartilage defects in a dog animal model

Avocado/soybean mixture is shown to have a positive effect on cartilage preservation in arthritis. This study was undertaken to study the healing effect of soybean and avocado mixture on full-thickness knee cartilage defect, which were treated by microfracture in dog. Twenty-two outbred male dogs (44 knees) were divided into two equal groups. In both groups, a 1?×?1?cm full-thickness lesion was created in medial femoral condyle of each knee eliminating the calcified cartilage, which was curetted down to the subchondral bone. In the left knee, a microfracture was produced. The right knee was closed without performing any microfracture. Half of the dogs in each group received 300?mg of avocado/soybean mixture in one capsule, and the remaining animals in each group received a placebo as an empty capsule each day. There were four treatment groups, including a combined group undergoing microfracture and receiving avocado/soybean, microfracture group undergoing microfracture and receiving placebo, avocado/soybean group that did not undergo microfracture but received avocado/soybean, and a control group that did not undergo microfracture and received placebo. There was no postoperative limitation of motion. After 12?weeks, all dogs were euthanized, and the articular cartilage tissues were studied according to International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) visual histological assessment scale. There were no significant differences in cartilage surface histology, cell distribution, and cell viability among the four groups. Subchondral bone histology was normal in six specimens in the control and avocado/soybean groups. One in the microfracture group and two in the combined group achieved normal histology. Four samples in each of the control and avocado/soybean mixture and combined groups, and nine samples in the microfracture group depicted increased remodeling of subchondral bone. Calcified cartilage zones were normal in six and seven samples in the control and the avocado/soybean mixture groups, respectively. There were no samples with normal histological appearance in the microfracture group. We did not observe any additive effect of avocado/soybean mixture to microfracture induced repair tissue in this study as evaluated by ICRS visual histological assessment scale.     

Evaluation of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan dermal substitute in the dog palate

Tissue shortage complicates surgery of cleft lip and palate. The healing of defects on the palate impairs growth of the dentoalveolar complex because of scar tissue formation. Implantation of a matrix into the wound might overcome this adverse effect. Integra with and without a silicone top layer was implanted into standardized full-thickness wounds (? 6 mm) in the palatal mucoperiosteum in beagle dogs. In some wounds, the silicone layer was removed after 14 days. Control wounds did not have an implant. At 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery, the wounds were assessed for epithelialization, inflammation (hematoxylin and eosin, leucocyte protein L1), number of myofibroblasts (alpha smooth muscle actin), and general histological characteristics. Wounds filled with Integra without the silicone layer showed fewer myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells than the sham wounds. Collagen fibers were more randomly orientated in these wounds than in the sham group. Wound closure was found to be retarded, and many inflammatory cells were present when Integra with silicone was implanted. The silicone layer was lost within 4 weeks in these wounds. We conclude that, in the moist oral environment, the silicone of Integra is not required. Re-epithelialization and tissue integration proceed more favorably without it. Further research in the dentoalveolar development with Integra will be conducted in a simulated cleft palate repair in the dog model.     

Serologic study of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in household dogs and dogs living in dairy and beef cattle farms in Tehran, Iran

A few studies have been done on the seroepidemiology of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy and beef cattle farms in Iran, which suggested the presence of N. caninum in these areas, but there is no published information directed on the presence or epidemiology of this organism in the dogs in Iran. To investigate anti-N. caninum antibodies in household dogs and dogs living in cattle farms, 100 blood samples were collected: 50 from dogs living in dairy and beef cattle farms and 50 from household dogs. Serum samples were screened for detection of anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT; ≥50). Antibodies were seen in 10 (20%) of 50 household dogs and in 23 (46%) of 50 farm dogs. There were significant statistical differences in seropositivity between these two groups (P = 0.005). The IFAT antibody titers were as follows: 1:50 in seven dogs, 1:100 in eight dogs, 1:200 in six dogs, 1:400 in seven dogs, 1:800 in three dogs, 1:1,600 in one dog, and 1:12,800 in one dog. There were no significant differences in seropositivity between males and females. The positive results were increasing with age, and positive results were significantly different in the age group of older than 2 years compared to the dogs of age group under 1 year (P = 0.000) and 1–2 years (P = 0.007). The results confirm the exposure of household and farm dogs to N. caninum in Tehran and the higher rate of exposure for the dogs of dairy and cattle farms around Tehran.     

Evaluation of the therapeutic and preventive efficacy of 2.5 % moxidectin / 10 % imidacloprid (Advocate(®), Bayer animal health) in dogs naturally infected or at risk of natural infection by Dirofilaria repens

The objective of this GCP-compliant clinical field study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of moxidectin (minimum dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight) and imidacloprid (minimum dose of 10.0 mg/kg body weight) spot-on (Advocate(?)) as a preventive and therapeutic treatment of natural infection by Dirofilaria repens in dogs in the Czech Republic.There were two arms of the study, both negatively controlled. 34 animals were randomly allocated to two groups of the treatment arm; 90 negative animals were randomly allocated to the prevention arm groups. All enrolled dogs were observed physically and blood was sampled monthly for Dirofilaria repens microfilaria counts for 18 months by modified Knott test and PCR. 34 dogs were positive for microfilaria and enrolled in the treatment arm of this study (treated: 18, untreated: 16). The reduction of the log-transformed microfilaria counts was significantly higher in the treatment group on day 28 (p = 0.007), 56, 84 and 112 (p < 0.001). All animals treated were negative after a single treatment. In the untreated control group 93.75 % remained positive (p < 0.001). 87 dogs were negative for microfilaria prior to allocation to the "preventive" arm (treated: 49; untreated: 38; 3 excluded). One dog in the untreated control group became positive for Dirofliaria repens microfilaria, while none of the treated dogs became positive. Advocate(?) was effective in the treatment of dogs infected with microfilaria of Dirofilaria repens. Due to the low rate of natural infections the preventive efficacy could not be proven, but no dog treated became positive.     

Reactivity of purified lectins with blood typed canine erythrocytes

Agglutination tests were performed with 40 commercially available lectins and a panel of blood typed canine erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were obtained from 17 dogs (two poodles, two black labradors, five greyhounds and eight beagles). The erythrocytes expressed various combinations of dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1.1, 1.2 or null, 4 and 7. Lectin reactivity with untreated, ficin treated, and neuraminidase-treated cells was determined. No correlation between lectin reactivity and the canine blood group antigens expressed on the red cell test panel was found. Results suggest that some canine erythrocytes may be differentiated from others on the basis of reactivity with Phytolacca americana and Glycine max lectins.     

基质细胞衍生因子-1α联合Integra支架修复全层皮肤缺损创面的实验研究

观察基质细胞衍生因子-1α(SDF-1α)联合Integra支架促进全层皮肤缺损创面愈合的作用,并探讨其作用机制。 方法选取6～8周龄的雄性健康C57小鼠30只,在其脊柱两侧对称部位分别作直径1 cm的圆形全层皮肤缺损创面,采用真皮支架Integra作为创面覆盖物。将30只小鼠背部左右对称创面按随机数字表法分为2组：SDF-1α组和对照组,各30个创面。SDF-1α组经皮下往创面内注射SDF-α,对照组皮下注射磷酸盐缓冲溶液。术后第3、6、12、18和24天观察创面的愈合时间和愈合创面收缩情况,并留取创面及周围组织标本行苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组织化学染色观察浸润细胞、肉芽组织厚度及血管化情况。对数据进行t检验。 结果(1) SDF-1α组创面完全愈合时间为(15.7±1.6)d,明显短于对照组的(19.6±1.8)d,差异有统计学意义(t＝3.967,P<0.05);(2)SDF-1α组术后第3、6、12天愈合创面收缩率分别为(7.3±3.3)%、(14.7±8.4)%、(27.6±6.3)%,与对照组[(8.3±2.5)%、(17.5±6.4)%、(31.2±16.5)%]比较,差异均无统计学意义(t＝0.6427、0.262、0.208,P值均大于0.05);SDF-1α组术后第18、24天愈合创面收缩率为(36.6±6.7)%、(58.2±7.1)%,小于对照组[(67.6±10.7)%、(81.1±8.3)%],差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.463、2.094,P值均小于0.05);(3)创面肉芽组织术后第3天SDF-1α组浸润细胞数目为(181.7±28.8)个/视野,与对照组[(190.8±33.4)个/视野]比较,差异无统计学意义(t＝ 4.08, P<0.05);术后第6天SDF-1α组浸润细胞数目[(382.2±43.4)个/视野],与对照组[((478.2±38.8)个/视野]比较,差异无统计学意义(t＝ 6.20,P<0.05);(4)肉芽组织的厚度术后第6、12天SDF-1α组创面的肉芽组织厚度为(255.8±41.8)、(387.6±36.8)μm,均小于对照组(407.3±43.4)、(490.2±49.4)μm],差异均有统计学意义(t＝4.08、6.159,P值均小于0.05);(5)SDF-1α组术后第24天愈合创面与正常皮肤更为相似,对照组瘢痕明显,表皮薄;(6)SDF-1α组术后第12天创面肉芽组织中CD3、CD31阳性细胞的密度稍高于对照组,肉芽组织的血管密度明显高于对照组。 结论局部使用SDF-1α可以促进全层皮肤缺损创面肉芽组织血管化,改善创面修复的效果。     

Effects of systemic and topical estrogen application on the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in diabetic rats

In this research, the possible effects of systemic and topical estrogen were investigated on wound healing in normal and diabetic male rats. One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (normal and diabetic). After induction of diabetes by streptozotocin in rats, each group was divided into three subgroups (control, sham, and test). A round full-thickness skin excision with 1.5-cm diameter was performed on the dorsum of each rat. In systemic use, 10?μG/SC of estradiol benzoate was administered daily to test subgroups for 28?days. In topical use, the wounds in the test subgroup rats were treated with a daily topical dose of 0.5?mg estrogen. Sham subgroup was injected with placebo and the control subgroup received nothing. The area of the wounds was measured by using scion image software at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28?days. Histopathologic evaluation was assessed semi-quantitatively for different parameters including re-epithelization, neoangiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation. In macroscopic study, estradiol subgroups (systemic and topical application) wound healing had considerable changes in day?7 (p?<?0.05). Histopathologic evaluation was revealed increased vascularization, re-epithelialization in estradiol subgroups. So, this research expressed that systemic and topical estrogen can improve the impaired healing of diabetic wounds.     

Comparative efficacy of two fipronil spot-on formulations against experimental tick infestations (Ixodes ricinus) in dogs

A parallel-group-design, randomized, unicentre and blinded controlled study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of a new fipronil-based spot-on formulation applied once to dogs against experimental Ixodes ricinus infestations. Six dogs served as negative controls (group 1), six dogs served as positive controls (group 2) receiving the original fipronil spot-on (Frontline® spot-on Dog, Merial) at a dosage of 0.67 mL for a dog weighing from 2 to 10 kg and 1.34 mL for a dog weighing from 10.1 to 20 kg and six dogs were treated with a 10% w/v fipronil-based spot-on solution (Effipro® Spot-on, Virbac SA) at an identical dosage (group 3, 0.67 mL for a dog weighing from 2 to 10 kg and 1.34 mL for a dog weighing from 10.1 to 20 kg). Each dog was sedated and subsequently infested with 50 unfed adult I. ricinus on days??7, ?2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Forty-eight hours after the treatment and 48 h after each challenge (days ?5, 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 and 37), the population of the remaining ticks was assessed for each animal. Geometric mean tick counts obtained were reduced by 99% and 94% on day?2 in groups 2 and 3, respectively, compared to the negative control group. Dogs were protected from re-infestations with an efficacy of >90% for 3 weeks in group 2 and for 5 weeks in group 3. Both 10% w/v fipronil-based spot-on solutions, despite different vehicles, were equally able to eradicate tick infestation, to prevent new infestations and were equally well tolerated.     

The effect of multifunctional polymer-based gels on wound healing in full thickness bacteria-contaminated mouse skin wound models

We determined whether a two-part space-conforming polyethylene glycol/dopa polymer-based gel promoted healing of contaminated wounds in mice. This silver-catalysed gel was previously developed to be broadly microbiocidal in vitro while being biocompatible with human wound cell functioning. Full-thickness wounds were created on the backs of mice. The wounds were inoculated with 10(4) CFU of each of four common skin wound contaminants, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii and Clostridium perfringens. The wounds were then treated with our multifunctional polymer-based gel, the commercially available NewSkin product, or left to heal untreated. The untreated wounds were overtly infected, and presented detectable bacterial loads over the entire 21-day healing period, while the gel and NewSkin groups presented significantly smaller rises in bacterial levels and were cleared of detectable colonies by the third week, with the gel group clearing the bacteria earlier. While all three groups healed their wounds, the polymer-based gel-treated group demonstrated significantly earlier re-epithelialization and dermal maturation (P<0.05). This was reflected in a quick regain of tensile strength. This accelerated dermal maturation and regain in strength was noted in mice treated with the polymer-based gel when compared to wound treated with the commercially available Aquacel-Ag dressing (P<0.05). What distinguishes the polymer-based gel from these other products is that it is incorporated within the healing wound. These preclinical studies show that the anti-microbial polymer gel not only supports but also accelerates healing of bacterially contaminated wounds.     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体刃厚皮片联合移植修复足踝部非负重区创面的临床研究

目的探讨脱细胞异体真皮与自体刃厚皮片联合移植在足踝部非负重区创面修复中的疗效。 方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,分析2015年1月至2021年3月上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院收治的51例足踝部非负重区创面患者。按照治疗方式不同进行分组,行复合皮移植治疗患者24例,设为复合皮移植组;采用自体全厚皮片移植治疗患者27例设为全厚皮移植组。患者创面清创后,复合皮移植组用脱细胞异体真皮覆盖创面,其上覆盖自体刃厚皮片联合移植,全厚皮移植组使用自体全厚皮片覆盖创面。术后评估2组患者的皮片成活率、再植皮率、创面愈合时间以及供皮区愈合时间。术后随访12个月,末次随访时进行美国足踝外科医师协会(AOFAS)踝关节功能评估及温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)评分。数据比较采用t检验、Wilcoxon检验、卡方检验及Fisher精确检验。 结果术后评估,复合皮移植组和全厚皮移植组的皮片最终均存活。全厚皮移植组因术后皮片部分坏死的再植皮率为22.2%(6/27),高于复合皮移植组的4.2%(1/24),但差异无统计学意义(P＝ 0.103)。复合皮移植组创面愈合时间为17.0(15.8, 18.0)d,显著短于全厚皮移植组的24.0(18.0, 38.0)d,差异有统计学意义(Z＝ －4.222, P< 0.01)。2组患者供区愈合时间差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。复合皮移植组的AOFAS踝关节功能评分为93.0(92.0, 95.0)分,显著优于全厚皮移植组的87.0(84.0, 91.5)分,差异有统计学意义(Z＝ 3.574, P< 0.01)。复合皮移植组VSS评分为5.0(4.0, 6.0)分,优于全厚皮移植组7.0(5.5, 8.5)分,差异有统计学意义(Z＝－3.823, P< 0.01)。 结论脱细胞异体真皮与自体刃厚皮片联合移植可有效修复足踝部非负重区皮肤软组织缺损,显著促进创面愈合,术后瘢痕较轻且可保持良好的踝关节功能。     

自体富血小板血浆凝胶修复儿童面部Ⅱ度烧伤创面

背景：富血小板血浆可用凝血酶凝固成胶冻状,不仅可以黏合组织缺损处,还可以防止血小板流失,使血小板在局部长时间分泌生长因子,避免了目前广泛应用于临床的液态重组生长因子试剂在伤口及移植区易流失易蒸发的缺点。  目的：观察外用自体富血小板血浆在儿童面部Ⅱ度烧伤创面修复过程中的治疗作用。 方法：选择2008-01/2010-01在广西昭平县人民医院外科收治的14岁以下面部浅Ⅱ度烧伤、深Ⅱ度烧伤儿童各30例。均以左侧面部为治疗组,右侧为对照组。伤后第3天,治疗组将自体富血小板血浆凝胶直接湿敷于创面上半暴露,换药1次/d;对照组创面单用等渗盐水纱布覆盖半暴露,换药1次/d。干预7,14 d观察两组患者创面愈合率、愈合时间、疼痛与瘢痕情况及不良反应。采用目测类比评分法评估疼痛情况,改良温哥华瘢痕测量法测定深Ⅱ度创面瘢痕增生情况。 结果与结论：在浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面患者中,治疗组7 d愈合率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05),愈合时间明显短于对照组(P  < 0.05);在深Ⅱ度烧伤创面患者中,治疗组14 d愈合率明显高于对照组(P  < 0.05),愈合时间显短于对照组(P < 0.05),瘢痕指数明显低于对照组(P  < 0.05);两组患者创面疼痛评分无明显差别。说明外用自体富血小板血浆凝胶能显著加快儿童面部Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合速度,缩短愈合时间,提高愈合质量,减少瘢痕形成,无明显不良反应。     

Efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10% plus moxidectin 2.5% spot-on in the treatment of sarcoptic mange and otoacariosis in dogs: results af a European field study

Efficacy and safety of treatment with imidacloprid 10%+moiddectin 2.5% spot-on (Advocate, Advantage multi; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) were tested in dogs naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei or Otodectes cynotis in a multi-centre, controlled, randomized, blinded field study conducted in France, Germany, Albania and the UK. The study was performed according to a non-inferiority design to demonstrate that the efficacy of imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-on was not inferior to that of a control product containing selamectin (Stronghold spot-on; Pfizer). All Sarcoptes-infested dogs were topically treated twice (days 0 and 28) with the dosage recommended by the respective manufacturer (27 dogs with imidacloprid/moxidectin, 26 with selamectin). All Otodectes-infested dogs were treated on day 0 (35 dogs with imidacloprid/moxidectin, 34 with selamectin), and only those still positive on day 28 received a second treatment. Parasitological cure rate in Sarcoptes-infested dogs was 100% for both treatments, while parasitological cures rates in the Otodectes-infested dogs at day 28 and day 56 were 68.6 and 85.7% with imidacloprid/moxidectin, and 64.7 and 88.2% with Stronghold. Non-inferiority of Advocate was confirmed statistically. Clinical assessment of skin lesion scores at day 56 showed that with either product >96% of the dogs treated against sarcoptic mange were improved or cured, the difference between the groups being non-significant. On the basis of a final clinical assessment of lesion scores, 80% of the dogs treated with imidacloprid/moxidectin against otoacariosis and 85.3% of those treated with selamectin were rated cured or improved. Only three mild, possibly drug-related adverse reactions were observed among alI treated animals (two in the imidacloprid/moxidectin group, one in the selamectin group). It is concluded that imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-on is an effective and safe treatment for sarcoptic mange and otoacariosis in the dog.     

纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料治疗浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床观察

目的观察纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料在临床上治疗浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床疗效。 方法2014年1月到2015年12月,选取北京军区总医院烧伤整形科收治的浅Ⅱ度烧伤患者90例,按入院顺序依次编码,采用随机排列数字表法将90例患者分为纳米银敷料组、猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组及纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组,每组30例。患者入院当天,拍照计算创面面积,并用咽拭子取创面分泌物作细菌培养,行创面清创术,分别在创面上敷以纳米银敷料、猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料以及纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料。于治疗后第5天,用咽拭子取创面分泌物作细菌培养;采用痛觉评分标准,通过询问与观察患者换药时的痛觉情况,评估患者换药时痛觉评分。于治疗后第7天,拍照计算创面面积,计算创面愈合率。记录创面最终愈合时间。数据比较采用单因素方差分析、χ²检验及SNK－q检验。 结果纳米银敷料组、猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组及纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组在治疗后第5天创面细菌培养阳性数结果分别为2例(6.6%)、9例(30.0%)、1例(3.3%),3组结果比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝10.962,P＝0.004);纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组的细菌培养阳性数结果显著优于猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝7.680,P＝0.006)。纳米银敷料组、猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组及纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组治疗后第5天的痛觉评分[(8.6±0.5)、(6.6±0.8)、(0.6±1.3)分],治疗后第7天的创面愈合率[(61.67±18.22)%、(86.77±15.32)%、(99.80±0.56)%],创面愈合时间[(11.5±1.3)、(10.3±0.7)、(7.3±0.7)d],组间差异均有统计学意义差异(F＝201.7、19.9、55.7,P值均小于0.05);纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料组治疗后第5天的痛觉评分显著低于其余两组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05);治疗后第7天的创面愈合率明显优于其余两组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05);创面愈合时间显著短于其余两组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05)。 结论纳米银－猪脱细胞真皮基质敷料具有抗感染、促进创面愈合及减轻换药痛觉的作用。     

Treatment of Naturally Occurring, Asymptomatic Giardia sp. in Dogs with Drontal? Plus Flavour Tablets

The administration of three consecutive daily doses of the recommended 1x dose of Drontal? Plus flavour tablets (Bayer) was examined for its effect on Giardia sp. cyst-shedding in 7 treated and 7 untreated random-source dogs. Dogs were treated on study days 0, 1 and 2. Cysts were quantified using direct immunofluorescent labelling on days –7, –5, –3 and –2, and daily from day 1 through 11. Three treated dogs never shed cysts again during the study, one shed again only on day 4, and the remaining three dogs started to shed again on days 8, 9 and 11. The mean numbers of cysts per gramme in the faeces of the treated dogs were significantly reduced (t-tests using log₁₀(counts)) on days 1 and 2 (geometric means: controls = 447,000; treated = 1,050; p = 0.004) and days 3 to 8 (geometric means: controls = 23,400; treated 5.0; p < 0.001). Four controls that had been consistently positive, changed to negative status on day 11, and thus, on the final day of the trial, there were only three positive control and three positive treated dogs. Three consecutive days of treatment with Drontal? Plus flavour tablets halted Giardia sp. cyst shedding by dogs. But starting six days post third treatment, some of the dogs started shedding cysts again. Since the prepatent period of Giardia sp. can be as short as 4 days, shedding of Giardia sp. cysts 6 days after treatment could be caused by a reinfection.