鼻内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤2例

鼻内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术是近年来在经口鼻蝶窦入路基础上发展起来的又一新技术。其手术路径更加简单，术中损伤小，患者痛苦少，术后康复快，并发症少。是一种安全可靠的手术方法。我院2004-04—2005—10在鼻内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤2例，均取得满意效果，现报道如下。     

鼻内镜下经单孔蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除手术配合

鼻内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术是近年来在经口鼻蝶窦入路基础上发展起来的又一新技术。其手术路径更加简单。术中损伤小，术后康复快，并发症少。是一种安全可靠的手术方法。我院2004—04～2005—10在鼻内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤2例，均取得满意效果。现报道如下。     

经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路显微切除垂体瘤23例

随着显微神经外科技术的提高及神经影像诊断技术的发展,经蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤手术入路方便、安全、创伤小,患者恢复快,已广泛应用于临床.我院自2005年4月～2007年6月在显微镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤23例,疗效满意.     

经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路显微切除垂体瘤23例

随着显微神经外科技术的提高及神经影像诊断技术的发展,经蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤手术入路方便、安全、创伤小,患者恢复陕,已广泛应用于临床。我院自2005年4月～2007年6月在显微镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤为例,疗效满意。     

垂体肿瘤转化基因在人垂体腺瘤中的表达

 目的用反转录-PCR方法定量研究垂体肿瘤转化基因(Pituitary tumortransforming gene,PTTG)mRNA在不同类型的垂体腺瘤中的表达,明确:(1)在不同类型的垂体腺瘤中,PTTG mRNA的表达是否存在细胞特异性,其表达量是否有差别;(2)PTTG mRNA的表达量与肿瘤分级分期的关系,从而进一步探讨PTTG在垂体腺瘤发生发展过程中的作用.方法 20例垂体腺瘤,手术中取出,迅速冻于液氮中保存.根据血清激素水平和临床表现确定腺瘤类型.根据影像学和术中所见对肿瘤分级和分期.用异硫氢酸胍一步法提取垂体腺瘤组织总RNA,用RT-PCR方法检测PTTG mRNA在各组垂体腺瘤组织中的表达.结果 20例垂体腺瘤患者,泌乳素(Prolactin,PRL)腺瘤6例,生长激素(Growth hormone,GH)腺瘤6例,无功能瘤8例.PTTG mRNA在所有PRL瘤、GH瘤和无功能瘤中有表达.PTTG mRNA在PRL、GH和无功能瘤中的表达量无明显差别.PTTG在Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级以及Ⅳ级垂体腺瘤组织中的表达量呈逐渐升高的趋势,组间比较有明显差别(P＜0.01),PTTG在A期、B期以及C期腺瘤的表达量呈逐渐升高的趋势,组间比较有明显差别(P＜0.01).结论 PTTG mRNA在PRL瘤、GH瘤以及无功能瘤中均有表达,PTTG mRNA表达量随着垂体肿瘤浸润程度的增高而升高,PTTG在垂体肿瘤发生和发展中起重要的作用.     

Pit-1与垂体腺瘤发生关系的研究

 目的通过定量研究Pit-1 mRNA在不同类型的垂体腺瘤中的表达,探讨Pit-1 mRNA与垂体腺瘤发生的关系.方法34例垂体腺瘤手术中取出,迅速冻于液氮中保存.根据血清激素水平、临床表现以及垂体组织免疫组化染色结果确定腺瘤类型.用异硫氢酸胍一步法提取垂体腺瘤组织总RNA,用RT-PCR方法检测Pit-1 mRNA在各组垂体腺瘤组织中的表达.结果Pit-1 mRNA在所有PRL瘤、GH+PRL瘤、GH瘤、寂静PRL瘤以及寂静GH瘤中有表达.在ACTH腺瘤和零细胞瘤中无表达.PRL瘤术前血清PRL值与腺瘤组织Pit-1表达量呈明显的正相关(γ=0.90,P＜0.01),GH腺瘤术前血清GH值与腺瘤组织Pit-1表达量呈明显的正相关(γ=0.96,P＜0.01).结论Pit-1 mRNA在垂体腺瘤中呈细胞特异性表达,提示对垂体GH和PRL腺瘤的细胞特异分化及分泌功能有一定的作用.     

鼻至斜坡区解剖特点及经扩大的鼻入路切除斜坡区肿瘤的可行性与安全性

 目的 研究扩大的内镜下经鼻至斜坡区手术入路的解剖要点及其位置关系。方法 防腐尸头标本10例,显微镜下解剖观察扩大的经鼻至斜坡区手术入路的解剖结构。新鲜尸头标本5例,模拟扩大的内镜经鼻入路斜坡手术。另外,对2例侵犯斜坡区的病例,采用扩大的内镜下经单鼻孔手术入路,结合影像检查资料,观察肿瘤影像解剖结构及切除情况。结果 扩大的内镜经鼻至斜坡区中线部位主要标志点由前至后依次为中鼻甲、后鼻孔、咽鼓管咽口、鼻咽部黏膜、双侧蝶窦口、头长肌和颈长肌、咽结节、枕骨大孔前缘中点等结构。手术中斜坡能够磨除的最大范围(分别以两侧颅内翼管和破裂孔为界,各自距中线最短距离):翼管左侧(9.25±0.26)mm,右侧(9.19±0.27)mm;破裂孔左侧(10.64±0.43)mm和右侧(10.75±0.51)mm。内镜下完全模拟手术操作表明,内镜经鼻入路可充分显露颅颈交界区及斜坡的解剖结构,完全达到真实内镜下操作要求。2例肿瘤全切,术中、术后未发现严重手术并发症。结论 采用扩大的单纯内镜经鼻入路可更直接到达斜坡区,并可安全切除肿瘤,避免损伤重要的神经血管和脑组织。     

经单鼻孔—蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤32例

1995～1998年,我们采用经鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤32例,效果满意。1　临床资料1.1　一般情况　本组32例,男13例,女19例;年龄21～57岁,平均38.5岁。病程2个月～5年,平均2.7年。视力减退22例,视野缺损19例,头痛18例,闭经15例,泌乳11例,乏力9例,肢端肥大6例,血糖增高3例,多饮、多尿2例,突眼1例,库欣综合征1例。实验室检查:采用放免法测定生长激素(GH)9例,增高4例;测泌乳素(PRL)8例,增高4例;测促甲状腺激素(TSH)22例,减低2例;测促滤泡生成激素(FSH)及促黄体生成激素(LH)各7例,均减低2例。影像学检查:术前均行蝶鞍正、侧位X线片和蝶鞍冠…     

不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤的磁共振成像特点

目的:探讨不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤的磁共振成像影像特点.方法:回顾性分析64例不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤在MRI上的信号强度、最大径、其向蝶鞍上下延伸生长的高度,及其有无海绵窦侵犯;同时22例无分泌功能垂体巨腺瘤作为对照组纳入.结果:64例不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤患者中,生长激素(GH)细胞腺瘤16例,泌乳素(PRL)细胞腺瘤36例,促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)细胞腺瘤5例,多种激素细胞腺瘤7例.T1WI等信号在GH及多种激素细胞腺瘤中最常见;T2WI等、低信号在GH、ACTH及多种激素细胞腺瘤中常见,而T2WI高信号在PRL及无分泌功能细胞腺瘤中常见;GH细胞腺瘤鞍上生长高度明显低于其他几种腺瘤,倾向于向鞍下生长;各类型腺瘤的海绵窦侵犯无明显差异.结论:几种不同激素分泌类型垂体腺瘤中,GH、多种激素细胞腺瘤的MRI信号强度,以及GH细胞腺瘤的生长延伸方向具有一定的特征.     

经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微镜下垂体瘤切除术的手术配合

垂体瘤是一种常见的良性肿瘤,目前治疗首选方法是肿瘤切除术,主要有经颅和经碟两种入路,随着显微外科的发展,医疗设备的更新,显微镜下单鼻孔经蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤是种一简单、有效、安全的手术方式。我院近两年应用比较广泛。2008年新引进的德国蔡司OPMINEURO显微镜与手术多媒体工作站一体化设备,使器械护士能够在显微镜录像显示屏上了解手术步骤,更好地配合手术,作者于2008年4月-12月共配合完成10例经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微镜下垂体瘤切除手术,效果满意。现介绍如下。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.