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1.
目的:为经岩部入路颅底手术提供解剖学参数.方法:观测成人的100例干燥整颅、20例颅底标本、15例尸头及36侧正常颅底CT资料;观测项目为与经岩部入路颅底手术有关的颞骨表面标志与岩部内重要结构的位置及其间距.结果:整颅及颅底内面各项测量结果左右侧比较U均<1.96,P均>0.05,颞骨内重要结构间及与表面标志间距离测量结果多数项目男女性间比较U均>1.96或>2.58,P<0.05或<0.01;颅中窝入路可以弓状隆起作标志寻认上骨半规管以确认内耳道,也可以岩大神经管裂孔为标志暴露面神经膝状神经节与迷路段确认内耳道底;磨除岩尖部骨质时可以颈动脉管后壁与内耳门内侧缘的连线作为界线.结论:颞骨表面标志点间距及颞骨岩部内重要结构间的位置关系可为经岩部入路颅底手术提供重要参考,有利于术中岩部重要结构的定位与保护.  相似文献   

2.
扩大颅中窝硬脑膜外经颞骨岩部入路至岩斜区的应用解剖   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
目的:研究中窝硬膜脑膜外经颞骨岩部入路进行岩斜区直接手术的手术方法,并提供相应的解剖依据。方法:用15例成人尸体头部标本模型颅中窝硬脑膜外经颞骨岩部入路进入岩斜区及其邻近结构的显露和解剖。结果:(1)岩大神经是磨除颞骨岩部十分重要的标志,通过它可以定位岩部颈内动脉、耳蜗和膝状神经节;(2)颅中窝硬脑膜外经颞骨岩部入路可以充分暴露从鞍背到桥延沟的岩斜区。结论:(1)以岩大神经为标志磨除颞骨岩部为安全手术提供了保证;(2)此入路具有暴露好,神经血管损伤的特点,特别适用于骑跨中,后窝的岩斜区病变。  相似文献   

3.
目的:对颞骨内部结构进行三维测定。为该部位手术操作提供相关的解剖学基础。方法:对23具(46例)头颅标本按照乳突轮廓化的要求,暴露其内部结构。采用自己设计的目镜测微尺,以外耳道后上棘为“O”点,对每一结构进行坐标定位,再分别测量该结构到乳突表面的距离。结果:内耳变异较小,面神经骨管有一定程度的变异而后颅窝底板,乙状窦等变异较大。结论:颞骨内部的三维定位结果。可以为该部位的手术操作和相关的手术进路提供必要的解剖数据。  相似文献   

4.
目的:HTSS为内耳道手术定位提供解剖学依据。方法:对400块颞骨的内耳道及其有关结构进行解剖观察和测量。结果:内耳道与岩大神经管裂孔、弓状隆起等结构有较恒定的位置关系。内耳道底投影点至岩大神经管裂孔的距离,在左右两侧分别为8.85mm、7.95mm;至弓状隆起最高点的距离在左侧为7.89mm,右侧为8.50mm,内耳道上壁长左侧为8.41mm,右侧为8.61mm。结论:岩大神经管裂孔、弓状隆起等颞骨岩部结构是定位内耳道的重要标志。内耳道手术应避免损伤上半规管、耳蜗等结构。  相似文献   

5.
目的为内耳道手术定位提供解剖学依据。方法对400块颞骨的内耳道及其有关结构进行解剖观察和测量。结果内耳道与岩大神经管裂孔、弓状隆起等结构有较恒定的位置关系。内耳道底投影点至岩大神经管裂孔的距离,在左侧为8.85mm,在右侧为7.95mm;至弓状隆起最高点的距离在左侧为7.89mm,右侧为88.50mm,内耳道上壁长左侧为8.41mm,右侧为8.61mm。结论岩大神经管裂孔、弓状隆起等颞骨岩部结构是定位内耳道的重要标志。内耳道手术应避免损伤上半规管,耳蜗等结构。  相似文献   

6.
颞骨岩部在岩斜区手术入路中的应用解剖   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
目的 :为颞骨岩部的临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法 :对 15例成人尸头湿标本的颞骨岩部及其周围结构按手术入路分别从前、外、后三个方向进行显微解剖研究。结果 :①磨除颞骨岩部尖 ,可以向下向外移动三叉神经 ;②外展神经是磨除颞骨岩部的内限 ;③面神经分为 5段 :颅内段 (12 .3 2mm)、内耳道段(9 .18mm)、迷路段 (5 .14mm)、鼓室段 (11.82mm)、乳突段 (17.90mm) ;④颈静脉球高度变异较大 ;⑤颈内动脉岩部膝距耳蜗 2 .65mm ,其水平段平行于岩大神经 ;结论 :①岩大神经是从前方磨除颞骨岩部十分重要的标志 ;②岩乙状窦交叉点和内淋巴囊裂是从后外侧磨除颞骨岩部的重要标志  相似文献   

7.
目的 :了解颞骨岩部后骨板的解剖及其变异情况对颞骨相关手术的影响。方法 :在 2 0例 40侧成人尸头上进行颞骨解剖 ,观察颞骨岩部后骨板成角变异的发生情况 ,测量相关数据。结果 :颞骨岩部上嵴与面神经水平段之间夹角为 (4 .61± 1.99)°、与矢状线之间夹角为 (63 .0 7± 9.3 0 )°。气化程度高的乳突其颞骨岩部后骨板与外耳道距离相对较大 ,相对而言发生乙状窦前移的几率较小。颞骨岩部后骨板成角变异发生率为 17.5 %。结论 :面神经水平段大致平行于颞骨岩部上嵴 ,气化的乳突其颞骨岩部后骨板与外耳道后壁之间距离较大 ;当颞骨岩部后骨板与外耳道后壁距离较小时 ,乙状窦位置更靠前 ,更易出现高位颈静脉球。  相似文献   

8.
经颞骨岩部乙状窦前入路处理岩斜区病变的应用解剖   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
目的 :研究经颞骨岩部乙状窦前入路进行岩斜区直接手术的方法 ,寻找出该入路的标志点和颞骨岩部的磨除方法 ,并观察手术的暴露范围和优缺点。方法 :用 15例血管经彩色乳胶灌注的成人尸头标本 ,显微镜下 (× 6~ 2 5 )解剖经颞骨岩部乙状窦前入路。结果 :岩乙状窦交叉点、内淋巴囊裂是磨除颞骨岩部后面的重要标志 ,用内淋巴囊裂可以初步定位前庭小管、总脚和后半规管。此入路能够暴露从鞍背到延髓中上部的区域 ,以暴露中岩斜区最佳。离断内淋巴囊 ,可扩大骨磨除的面积 ,增加手术的暴露。结论 :以岩乙状窦交叉点、内淋巴囊裂为标志为安全磨除颞骨岩部后面提供了保证。经颞骨岩部乙状窦前入路具有手术距离短、视野暴露充分的特点 ,特别适用于骑跨颅中、后窝而以颅后窝为主的岩斜区病变  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究个体化三维数字模型(three-dimension digital manikin,3D-DM)在内镜经鼻颞骨岩部解剖中的应用,探讨其临床应用价值。 方法 10例(20侧)成人头部标本灌注后经CT扫描,将图像导入3Dview软件,重建出个体化3D-DM,运用“逆向骨窗形成”技术设计并模拟颞骨岩部骨窗形成。然后在3D-DM辅助下对颞骨岩部进行内镜解剖,对头部标本解剖与个体化3D-DM视野及相关测量进行比较。 结果 通过逆向骨窗形成技术可术前模拟颞骨岩部磨除,头部标本解剖与个体化3D-DM下视野高度一致,相关测量间比较无统计学差异。 结论 个体化3D-DM为内镜下经鼻入路暴露颞骨岩部提供详尽解剖数据,可以术前模拟颞骨岩部磨除,提高术中颞骨岩部磨除的准确性和安全性,对该手术入路的临床应用具重要指导意义。  相似文献   

10.
目的:观测内耳门的形态、位置及毗邻关系,为神经外科及耳外科手术提供解剖学依据。方法:观察40例头颅标本内耳门的形态、位置,测量其长度、宽度及与毗邻结构间的距离,并对所得结果用SPSS软件分析。结果:内耳门位于颞骨岩部后面,83.3%呈椭圆形,25.0%有内耳道口上棘,内耳门与颈静脉孔、后半规管间的平均距离分别为7.45mm和15.64mm,双侧数据间无显性意义。结论:内耳门是颞骨岩部后面一个重要的骨性标志,其与毗邻结构间有稳定的解剖关系。  相似文献   

11.

Background

While femoral tunnel malposition is widely recognized as the main technical error of failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, tibial tunnel malposition is likely underrecognized and underappreciated.

Purpose

To describe more precisely the qualitative and quantitative anatomy of the ACL's tibial attachment in vitro using widely available technology for stereophotogrammetric surface reconstruction, and to test its applicability in vivo.

Methods

Stereophotogrammetric surface reconstruction was obtained from fourteen proximal tibias of cadaver donors. Measurements of areas and distances from the center of the ACL footprint and the footprint of the obtained bundles to selected arthroscopically-relevant anatomic landmarks were carried out using a three-dimensional design software program, and means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for these measurements. Reference landmarks were tested in three-dimensional models obtained with arthroscopic videos.

Main findings

The osseous footprint of the ACL was described in detail, including its precise elevated limits, size, and shape, with its elevation pattern described as a quarter-turn-staircase-like ridge. Its internal indentations were related to inter-spaces identified as bundle divisions. Distances from the footprint center to arthroscopically relevant landmarks were obtained and compared to its internal structure, yielding a useful X-like landmark pointing to the most accurate placeholder for the ACL footprint's “anatomic” center. Certain structures and reference landmarks described were readily recognized in three-dimensional models from arthroscopic videos.

Conclusions

Stereophotogrammetric surface reconstruction is an accessible technique for the investigation of anatomic structures in vitro, offering a detailed three-dimensional depiction of the ACL's osseous footprint.  相似文献   

12.
目的通过研究对视神经管和眼眶的解剖研究,为内镜经鼻入路视神经管减压和治疗眼眶内病变提供解剖基础。方法国人尸头5例,采用大体解剖和内镜下经鼻入路两种方法,观察重要的解剖标志;使用内直肌内移技术,观察视神经管和眼眶内结构的暴露情况以及重要结构的位置、毗邻、走行等。结果钩突位于中鼻甲的前下方;筛泡在钩突的后方,切开筛泡可进入筛窦;筛前后动脉是筛窦内的重要解剖标志;视神经管隆突、颈内动脉隆突和视神经管颈内动脉隆突(OCR)是蝶窦内重要的解剖标志;纸样板位于筛窦的外侧壁,切开纸样板可暴露眶内容物;在眶内,可从内直肌与下直肌之间的通路暴露视神经。在本次10侧标本中,9侧眼动脉起自于颈内动脉的床突上段;1侧眼动脉起自于颈内动脉海绵窦段。7侧眼动脉在视神经管内走行于视神经的下外侧;2侧走行于视神经的正下方;1侧走行于视神经的下内侧。结论内镜下经鼻入路可以进行视神经管和眼眶内侧部分的暴露。钩突、筛泡、筛前后动脉及后组筛窦是本入路重要解剖标志。视神经管隆突、颈内动脉隆突及视神经管颈内动脉隆突(OCR)是进行视神经管减压的重要标志。眼动脉及其眼眶内分支、筛前后动脉和颈内动脉是重要的血管结构。眼内直肌内移技术可以有助于暴露眶内解剖结构。  相似文献   

13.
颅底外面部分骨性标志三维坐标值及其意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 :探讨测量颅底外面解剖结构三维空间坐标的方法并为临床应用提供相关数据。方法 :建立与颅底内面相统一的三维空间坐标系 ,在特制颅器上以 3 2个成年国人水平锯开颅骨标本为测量对象。结果 :测出了颅底外面骨性标志 2 1项共 3 4个测点的三维空间坐标值 ;可准确地测算出各测点在颅表各个方位的投影点和深度 ;根据坐标值和解析几何公式 ,还可推算出所有测点间连线 (线段 )的距离 (测距 )及其与三个基准坐标面的角度 (测角 )。结论 :明确了颅底外面各测点的空间位置和颅底内外两面任何测点间的位置关系 ,为颅底手术定位或放疗照射野等定位设计 ,提供了更为简便可靠的新方法。  相似文献   

14.
目的:为临床单纯内镜或内镜辅助下经鼻一蝶窦入路至颅底中央区的手术提供解剖学标志和参数。方法:乳胶灌注汉族成人尸头湿标本10例,在神经内镜下及手术显微镜下模拟经鼻-蝶窦入路至颅底中央区的手术,按手术步骤分鼻腔内、蝶窦内及蝶鞍和周围结构3部分进行观察和测量。结果:蝶窦是内镜下经鼻-蝶窦入路中的关键结构。蝶窦后壁常见的解剖标志有鞍底、斜坡凹陷、视神经颈内动脉隐窝、颈内动脉隆起、视神经隆起、蝶骨平台;其中,斜坡凹陷是确定鞍底最可靠的标志。此入路可分别向前、中、后颅底方向扩展,内镜下可清晰显露硬脑膜下及海绵窦内部分结构。结论:采用内镜经鼻-碟窦入路是显露颅底中央区病变的良好的手术方法。  相似文献   

15.
16.
A study was undertaken to demonstrate the variational anatomy of the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct in 90 human temporal bones obtained from 58 cadavers. Topographic landmarks of the posterior surface of the petrous bone are useful for general orientation and include the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct, internal auditory meatus, sigmoid sinus, subarcuate fossa, superior petrosal sinus and cochlear canaliculus. We determined the mean distances from the external aperture of vestibular aqueduct to the above structures to be 10.98, 11.21, 9.42, 10.27 and 13.90 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the length of the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct revealed significant differences between the right and left sides. The distances between the EAVA and certain anatomical structures on the posterior surface of the temporal bone should be taken into consideration during surgery. Knowing the variability of the position of the external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct may help surgeons avoid traumatizing, and thus producing inadvertent lesions to the hearing mechanism.  相似文献   

17.
Femoral malrotation in total knee arthroplasty is correlated to an increased number of revisions. Anatomic landmarks such as Whiteside line, posterior condyle axis and transepicondylar axis are used for determining femoral component rotation. The femoral rotation achieved with the anatomical landmarks is compared to the femoral rotation achieved by a navigated ligament tension-based tibia-first technique.Ninety-three consecutive patients with gonarthritis were prospectively enrolled. Intraoperatively the anatomical landmarks for femoral rotation and the achieved femoral rotation using a navigated tension-based tibia-first technique were determined and stored for further comparison. A pre- and postoperative functional diagram displaying the extension and flexion and varus or valgus positions was also part of the evaluation.Using anatomical landmarks the rotational errors ranged from 12.2° of internal rotation to 15.5° of external rotation from parallel to the tibial resection surface at 90° flexion. A statistical significant improved femoral rotation was achieved using the ligament tension-based method with a rotational error ranged from 3.0° of internal rotation to 2.4° of external rotation. The functional analyses demonstrated statistical significant lower varus/valgus deviations within the flexion range and an improved maximum varus deviation at 90° flexion using the ligament tension-based method.Compared to the anatomical landmarks a balanced, almost parallel flexion gap was achieved using a navigation technique taking the ligament tension of the knee joint into account. As a result the improved femoral rotation was demonstrated by the functional evaluation. Unilateral overloading of the polyethylene inlay and unilateral instability can thus be avoided.  相似文献   

18.
颅脑断层标本和图像上的皮质机能定位和动脉区域配布   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在灰质染兰的脑断层标本上辨认其沟回后,在连续断层标本上追踪其沟回,以校验结构观察的正确性.依据相同层面的脑和颅脑标本上的脑表沟回,内部特征性结构和颅底骨性标志进行标本的层回定位.在断层标本的层次定位后,且在层面上正确认识结构,则每个断层标本上的机能定位和大脑动脉的分布区域得以确定.同样的方法亦应用于CT.MR和ECT图像.标志动脉配布界线的沟和侧脑室各部的连结虚线作为断层标本或图像上的大脑动脉区域配布的分界线.  相似文献   

19.
The application of ultrasound in the imaging of the neck has primarily focussed on anterior structures (e.g., thyroid gland). Structures located on the posterior aspect of the neck have received little attention. This study illustrates the capability of modern ultrasound equipment in visualising the musculoligamentous structures of the neck, particularly the paraspinal musculature. Ten healthy adult volunteers (6 female; 4 male) underwent ultrasound examination of the cervical spine. A standardised technique for transducer placement was adopted and successive images of the neck of each subject were obtained. Spatial compound (extended field of view) images were obtained in subjects using one of two different ultrasound systems. Images of structures produced by ultrasound were compared to those achieved with magnetic resonance imaging in three subjects. Identification of key landmarks aided orientation and identification of structures. The internal architecture of the musculoligamentous structures of the cervical spine, especially the posterior neck muscles, was demonstrated well using ultrasound. Our study showed that modern ultrasound equipment is capable of producing clear images of the posterior cervical spine musculature and certain bony features.  相似文献   

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