High bone turnover in Irish professional jockeys

Summary  

Professional jockeys are routinely exposed to high impact trauma and sustain fractures frequently. We found that jockeys restrict their caloric intake in order to maintain regulation weights, and that bone turnover is high. There are significant health and safety implications for the racing industry.     

Importance of bone mineral density measurements in evaluating fragility bone fracture risk in Asian Indian men

Summary  

We evaluated the effect of BMD on fracture risk prediction using FRAX? among Asian Indian men when used in conjunction with clinical risk factors. A majority of our subjects were either osteopenic or osteoporotic, and their fracture risk increased when FRAX? was used in conjunction with femur neck T-scores.     

Use and efficacy of bone morphogenetic proteins in fracture healing

Purpose  

This review evaluates the application of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in delayed bone repair, aiming at a broad audience from clinicians to scientists. Next to an overview of the role of the different BMPs, their antagonists and their current applications, special attention is focused on new scientific developments improving the effects of BMP-based therapy for bone repair.     

Femoral neck bone mineral density in ambulatory men with poliomyelitis

Summary  

We evaluated bilateral femoral neck bone mineral densities (FNBMDs) in 32 men with poliomyelitis and their matched controls. Men with poliomyelitis had significantly lower FNBMD in both legs, and FNBMD was lowest in their shorter legs. Knee extensor strength and regular exercise were important predictive factors associated with decreased FNBMD.     

Calcium phosphate bone cement: a possible alternative to autologous bone graft. A radiological and biomechanical comparison in rat tibial bone

Background  

Donor site morbidity is a problem after autologous bone transplantation. An injectable CaP bone cement indicates properties similar to bone.     

Vertebral anti-fracture efficacy of strontium ranelate according to pre-treatment bone turnover

Summary  

Osteoporotic post-menopausal women patients in two randomised trials comparing the anti-fracture efficacy of strontium ranelate with placebo were separated into tertiles according to their baseline levels of biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption. The vertebral anti-fracture efficacy of strontium ranelate was shown to be independent of baseline bone turnover levels.     

Microstructure and biomechanical characteristics of bone substitutes for trauma and orthopaedic surgery

Background  

Many (artificial) bone substitute materials are currently available for use in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Objective data on their biological and biomechanical characteristics, which determine their clinical application, is mostly lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate structural and in vitro mechanical properties of nine bone substitute cements registered for use in orthopaedic trauma surgery in the Netherlands.     

Relative contributions of multiple determinants to bone mineral density in men

Summary  

Focus on individual risk factors for osteoporosis could allocate disproportionate attention to trivial relationships. We tested many recognized risk factors of osteoporosis for their association with bone mineral density (BMD) in multivariate models among men. Lean mass accounted for the most variance, with substantially less accounted for by demographic, strength, and health factors.     

Adiposity and bone health in Spanish adolescents. The HELENA study

Summary  

While the association of lean mass (LM) with bone mass is well understood, the association of fat mass (FM) with bone mass is controversial. Our results support that adolescents with higher levels of adiposity have greater bone mass, but this association is fully explained by their higher levels of LM.     

Large aneurysmal bone cyst of iliac bone in a female child: a case report

Background  

Symptomatic aneurysmal bone cysts in pediatric age group with an expansile lesion in ilium is a rare occurrence.     

Sustained-release rhBMP-2 increased bone mass and bone strength in an ovine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to analyze the local treatment effects of rhBMP-2 combined with fibrin sealant (FS) on bone mineral density, microarchitectural and mechanical properties in osteoporotic ovine spine.     

Menopausal bone changes and incident fractures in diabetic women: a cohort study

Summary  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of bone loss and incident fractures in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) across menopause. During menopause, DM women experienced bone mineral density (BMD) loss that was faster at hip and slower at spine and had a higher risk of fractures, perhaps because of their earlier menopause. The increasing DM epidemic will contribute to higher fracture burden.     

Effect of implant surface roughness on bone fixation: the differences between bone and metal pegs

Background  

Pegs made from cortical bone are used to fix osteochondral fractures and osteochondral dissecans. This technique has many advantages, but it requires long-term immobilization. This study examined the effect of surface roughness on fixation with bone and metal pegs.     

The use of interconnected ��-tricalcium phosphate as bone substitute after curettage of benign bone tumours

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical and radiological outcome in patients after implantation of β-tricalcium phosphate as a bone graft substitute to fill the defects after curettage of benign bone tumours and tumour-like lesions.     

Trabecular bone deficits among Vietnamese immigrants

Summary  

Compared to white women, lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in middle-aged Vietnamese immigrants is due to reduced trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), which in turn is associated with greater trabecular separation along with lower estrogen levels.     

Fluorescence-guided surgery of prostate cancer bone metastasis

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) of prostate cancer experimental skeletal metastasis.

Materials and methods

Green fluorescent protein-expressing PC-3 human prostate cancer cells (PC-3-green fluorescent protein) were injected into the intramedullary cavity of the tibia in 32 nude mice. After 2 wk, 16 of the mice underwent FGS; the other 16 mice underwent bright-light surgery (BLS). Half of BLS and FGS mice (8 mice in each group) received zoledronic acid (ZOL). Weekly fluorescence imaging of the mice was performed. Six weeks after surgery, metastases to lung and inguinal lymph node were evaluated by fluorescence imaging.

Results

The percentage of residual tumor after BLS and FGS was 9.9 ± 2.2% and 0.9 ± 0.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). FGS reduced recurrent cancer growth compared with BLS (P < 0.005). Although FGS alone had no significant effect on inguinal lymph node metastases, lung metastasis or disease-free survival (DFS), ZOL in combination with FGS significantly increased DFS (P = 0.01) in comparison with the combination of BLS and ZOL. ZOL reduced lymph node metastases (P = 0.033) but not lung metastasis.

Conclusions

FGS significantly reduced recurrence of experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis compared with BLS. The combination of FGS and ZOL increased DFS over BLS and ZOL. ZOL inhibited lymph node metastasis but not lung metastasis.     

High bone turnover and accumulation of osteoid in patients with neurofibromatosis 1

Summary  

Although it is known that neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency and display decreased bone mineral density (BMD), a systematic clinical and histomorphometrical analysis is absent. Our data demonstrate that NF1 patients display high bone turnover and accumulation of osteoid and that supplementation of vitamin D has a beneficial effect on their BMD.     

Roles of hyaluronan in bone resorption

Background  

Hyaluronan, an unsulfated glycosaminoglycan, while being closely linked to osteoclast function several years ago, has received little attention lately. Given recent new knowledge of hyaluronan's possible cell binding abilities, it is important to re-examine the role of this polysaccharide in bone homeostasis.     

Outcomes of immediate dental implants in vascularised bone flaps for mandibular reconstruction

Background

The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of immediate implant placement for dental rehabilitation following mandibular reconstruction with vascularised bone flaps in a single Australian tertiary cancer centre.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent immediate dental implant or delayed placement in vascularised bone flaps was performed. Primary outcome measures assessed included the number of implants placed, operative time, complication rates, time to radiotherapy initiation, dental rehabilitation rates and time to dental rehabilitation.

Results

In total, 187 dental implants were placed in 52 patients, of which 34 patients underwent immediate implant placement and 18 had delayed implant placement. There were no significant differences in the postoperative complication rate (32% immediate vs. 33% delayed, P = 0.89) or time to postoperative radiotherapy (median 42 days immediate vs. 47 days delayed, P = 0.24). Dental rehabilitation was achieved in 62% of the immediate cohort versus 78% of the delayed cohort. The time to be fitted with a dental prosthesis was significantly shorter in the immediate cohort (median 150 days immediate vs. 843 days delayed, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

The placement of immediate dental implants at the time of primary reconstruction of the mandible is a safe procedure and facilitates timely dental rehabilitation.     

Effects of implantation of bone marrow cells on cytokine levels in the ischemic heart tissue. An experimental study

Background  

In order to achieve a safe and persistent angiogenic effect, we investigated the potential of bone marrow cells implantation to enhance angiogenesis of ischemic hearts in a rat model, and also we have investigated growth factors accompanying and intermediating the angiogenesis, and the changes occurring in the levels of cytokines and their relations with angiogenesis.